Relationship Between Serum Apelin Level and Inflammation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

HOUPeng ¹ ,  WANGHui-shan ² , HANJin-song ² , CHENZhao-hui ² , XUShu ² , LIUYu ²

1. Graduate School of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China;
2. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Command, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANGHui-shan, Email: huishanwang@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Atrial fibrillation; Apelin; Inflammation

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.20150242

Video：

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Objective To study on the relationship of serum apelin level with inflammation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods We recruited 58 patients with valvular heart disease who admitted in our hospital between October 2014 and December 2014 and planned to undergo surgery, including 29 patients with persistent AF (an AF group) and 29 patients with sinus rhythm (a SR group). There were 14 males and 15 females in the AF group at an average age of 57±8 years. There were 20 males and 9 females in the SR group at an average age of 54±10 years. The left atrial diameter (LAD) and ejection fraction (EF) were detected by echocardiography. The levels of serum apelin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay, and the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined by turbidimetric inhibition immuno assay. Results Compare with the SR group, the serum apelin level (201.94±71.96 pg/ml vs. 286.72±129.33 pg/ml) and EF (54.52%±3.94% vs. 56.41%±2.85%) were significantly lower in the AF group, while the hs-CRP (5.58±12.90 mg/L vs. 1.89±3.55 mg/L), IL-6 (2.59±0.64 pg/ml vs. 2.26±0.55 pg/ml) and LAD (57.10±11.69 mm vs. 43.07±5.31 mm) were significantly higher in the AF group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the apelin level was negatively correlated with hs-CRP and LAD (r=-0.308, P=0.019; r=-0.313, P=0.017), and were positively correlated with EF (r=0.265, P=0.044). Conclusion Serum apelin level is significantly lower in patients with AF and levels of inflammation makers are significantly higher. Apelin may be closely related to AF and inflammation, and may take part in the occurrence and maintenance of AF through the regulation of inflammatory processes.

Citation： HOUPeng, WANGHui-shan, HANJin-song, CHENZhao-hui, XUShu, LIUYu. Relationship Between Serum Apelin Level and Inflammation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2015, 22(10): 976-979. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.20150242 Copy

1.	Chugh SS,Havmoeller R,Narayanan K,et al.Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation:a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study.Circulation,2014,129(8):837-847.
2.	黄从新,张澍,马长生,等.心房颤动:目前的认识和治疗建议——2012.中华心律失常学杂志,2012,16(4):246-289.
3.	Wu N,Xu B,Xiang Y,et al.Association of inflammatory factors with occurrence and recurrence of atrial fibrillation:a metaanalysis.Int J Cardiol,2013,169(1):62-72.
4.	Ederhy S,Di Angelantonio E,Dufaitre G,et al.C-reactive protein and transesophageal echocardiographic markers of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation.Int J Cardiol,2012,159(1):40-46.
5.	Marcus GM,Whooley MA,Glidden DV,et al.Interleukin-6 and atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease:data from the Heart and Soul Study.Am Heart J,2008,155(2):303-309.
6.	Kumagai K,Nakashima H,Saku K.The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting inflammation in a canine sterile pericarditis model.Cardiovasc Res,2004,62(1):105-111.
7.	Aviles RJ,Martin DO,Apperson-Hansen C,et al.Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation.Circulation,2003,108(24):3006-3010.
8.	Chung MK,Martin DO,Sprecher D,et al.C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias:inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation.Circulation,2001,104(24):2886-2891.
9.	Bruins P,Te VH,Yazdanbakhsh AP,et al.Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery:postsurgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia.Circulation,1997,96(10):3542-3548.
10.	Frustaci A,Chimenti C,Bellocci F,et al.Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation.Circulation,1997,96(4):1180-1184.
11.	Tatemoto K,Hosoya M,Habata Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1998,251(2):471-476.
12.	Habchi M,Duvillard L,Cottet V,et al.Circulating apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control.Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2014,81(5):696-701.
13.	Przewlocka-Kosmala M,Kotwica T,Mysiak A,et al.Reduced circulating apelin in essential hypertension and its association with cardiac dysfunction.J Hypertens,2011,29(5):971-979.
14.	Kadoglou NP,Lampropoulos S,Kapelouzou A,et al.Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin in patients with acute coronary syndromes and established coronary artery disease——KOZANI STUDY.Transl Res,2010,155(5):238-246.
15.	Pisarenko OI,Lankin VZ,Konovalova GG,et al.Apelin-12 and its structural analog enhance antioxidant defense in experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Mol Cell Biochem,2014,391(1-2):241-250.
16.	Lim R,Barker G,Riley C,et al.Apelin is decreased with human preterm and term labor and regulates prolabor mediators in human primary amnion cells.Reprod Sci,2013,20(8):957-967.
17.	Pan C S,Teng X,Zhang J,et al.Apelin antagonizes myocardial impairment in sepsis.J Card Fail,2010,16(7):609-617.
18.	Visser YP,Walther FJ,Laghmani EH,et al.Apelin attenuates hyperoxic lung and heart injury in neonatal rats.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010,182(10):1239-1250.
19.	Ellinor PT,Low AF,Macrae CA.Reduced apelin levels in lone atrial fibrillation.Eur Heart J,2006,27(2):222-226.
20.	Falcone C,Buzzi MP,D'Angelo A,et al.Apelin plasma levels predict arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol,2010,23(3):917-925.
21.	Ellinor PT,Low A,Patton KK,et al.C-Reactive protein in lone atrial fibrillation.Am J Cardiol,2006,97(9):1346-1350.

1. Chugh SS,Havmoeller R,Narayanan K,et al.Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation:a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study.Circulation,2014,129(8):837-847.
2. 黄从新,张澍,马长生,等.心房颤动:目前的认识和治疗建议——2012.中华心律失常学杂志,2012,16(4):246-289.
3. Wu N,Xu B,Xiang Y,et al.Association of inflammatory factors with occurrence and recurrence of atrial fibrillation:a metaanalysis.Int J Cardiol,2013,169(1):62-72.
4. Ederhy S,Di Angelantonio E,Dufaitre G,et al.C-reactive protein and transesophageal echocardiographic markers of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation.Int J Cardiol,2012,159(1):40-46.
5. Marcus GM,Whooley MA,Glidden DV,et al.Interleukin-6 and atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease:data from the Heart and Soul Study.Am Heart J,2008,155(2):303-309.
6. Kumagai K,Nakashima H,Saku K.The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting inflammation in a canine sterile pericarditis model.Cardiovasc Res,2004,62(1):105-111.
7. Aviles RJ,Martin DO,Apperson-Hansen C,et al.Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation.Circulation,2003,108(24):3006-3010.
8. Chung MK,Martin DO,Sprecher D,et al.C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias:inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation.Circulation,2001,104(24):2886-2891.
9. Bruins P,Te VH,Yazdanbakhsh AP,et al.Activation of the complement system during and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery:postsurgery activation involves C-reactive protein and is associated with postoperative arrhythmia.Circulation,1997,96(10):3542-3548.
10. Frustaci A,Chimenti C,Bellocci F,et al.Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation.Circulation,1997,96(4):1180-1184.
11. Tatemoto K,Hosoya M,Habata Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the human APJ receptor.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1998,251(2):471-476.
12. Habchi M,Duvillard L,Cottet V,et al.Circulating apelin is increased in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and is associated with better glycaemic control.Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2014,81(5):696-701.
13. Przewlocka-Kosmala M,Kotwica T,Mysiak A,et al.Reduced circulating apelin in essential hypertension and its association with cardiac dysfunction.J Hypertens,2011,29(5):971-979.
14. Kadoglou NP,Lampropoulos S,Kapelouzou A,et al.Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin in patients with acute coronary syndromes and established coronary artery disease——KOZANI STUDY.Transl Res,2010,155(5):238-246.
15. Pisarenko OI,Lankin VZ,Konovalova GG,et al.Apelin-12 and its structural analog enhance antioxidant defense in experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Mol Cell Biochem,2014,391(1-2):241-250.
16. Lim R,Barker G,Riley C,et al.Apelin is decreased with human preterm and term labor and regulates prolabor mediators in human primary amnion cells.Reprod Sci,2013,20(8):957-967.
17. Pan C S,Teng X,Zhang J,et al.Apelin antagonizes myocardial impairment in sepsis.J Card Fail,2010,16(7):609-617.
18. Visser YP,Walther FJ,Laghmani EH,et al.Apelin attenuates hyperoxic lung and heart injury in neonatal rats.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2010,182(10):1239-1250.
19. Ellinor PT,Low AF,Macrae CA.Reduced apelin levels in lone atrial fibrillation.Eur Heart J,2006,27(2):222-226.
20. Falcone C,Buzzi MP,D'Angelo A,et al.Apelin plasma levels predict arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol,2010,23(3):917-925.
21. Ellinor PT,Low A,Patton KK,et al.C-Reactive protein in lone atrial fibrillation.Am J Cardiol,2006,97(9):1346-1350.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Relationship Between Serum Apelin Level and Inflammation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

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