Research advances in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis_CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY

Authors：

ZHOU Guangfu ^1,2 , XU Xinxin ² , GUO Xiaowei ^1,2 , ZHOU Qian ^2,3 , CHEN Peng ² , GAO Xiaoxin ² , DU Chengzhou ² ,  LI Hongtao ^1,2

1. The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China;
2. Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China;
3. The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LI Hongtao, Email: lihongtao528@163.com

Keywords：

triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1; sepsis; abdominal infection; inflammatory response; drug research and development

DOI：

10.7507/1007-9424.202504141

Video：

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Objective To understand the research progress of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in abdominal infection and sepsis. Methods The relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years regarding the research on the role of TREM-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis were retrieved and reviewed. Results Recent studies have focused on the key role of TREM-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis. TREM-1 is a pattern recognition receptor, which rapidly upregulated under inflammatory stimulation, forming a positive feedback loop that significantly amplifies the immune response. Its activation can trigger the cascaded release of a large number of proinflammatory factors and chemokines, exacerbating the inflammatory storm; at the same time, excessive activation of the pathway is regarded as the core driving mechanism for the progression of sepsis and even septic shock. Conclusions The TREM-1 mediated amplification effect of inflammatory cascades has been identified as a key link in immune imbalance in infectious diseases such as sepsis and abdominal infection. Further clarification of the expression dynamics of TREM-1 under different infectious conditions and the regulatory mechanisms of its signaling pathways is expected to provide new biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of infectious diseases, as well as theoretical basis for targeted intervention strategies and new drug development, thereby promoting the establishment and optimization of precise diagnosis and treatment regimens.

Citation： ZHOU Guangfu, XU Xinxin, GUO Xiaowei, ZHOU Qian, CHEN Peng, GAO Xiaoxin, DU Chengzhou, LI Hongtao. Research advances in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BASES AND CLINICS IN GENERAL SURGERY, 2025, 32(8): 1026-1031. doi: 10.7507/1007-9424.202504141 Copy

1.	Feng JY, Su WJ, Chuang FY, et al. TREM-1 enhances mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Microbes Infect, 2021, 23(1): 104765. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.001.
2.	Nguyen HD, Jo WH, Hoang NHM, et al. Curcumin-attenuated TREM-1/DAP12/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL1B, TLR4/NF-κB pathways, and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by 1, 2-diacetyl benzene: an in vitro and in silico study. Neurotox Res, 2022, 40(5): 1272-1291.
3.	Baruah S, Murthy S, Keck K, et al. TREM-1 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by promoting NOX-dependent superoxide production. J Leukoc Biol, 2019, 105(6): 1195-1207.
4.	Raggi F, Bosco MC. Targeting mononuclear phagocyte receptors in cancer immunotherapy: new perspectives of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1). Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(5): 1337. doi: 10.3390/cancers12051337.
5.	Zhang C, Kan X, Zhang B, et al. The role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in central nervous system diseases. Mol Brain, 2022, 15(1): 84. doi: 10.1186/s13041-022-00969-w.
6.	Li C, Cai C, Xu D, et al. TREM1: activation, signaling, cancer and therapy. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 204: 107212. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107212.
7.	Kelker MS, Foss TR, Peti W, et al. Crystal structure of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) at 1. 47 A. J Mol Biol, 2004, 342(4): 1237-1248.
8.	Dantas PHDS, Matos AO, da Silva Filho E, et al. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) as a therapeutic target in infectious and noninfectious disease: a critical review. Int Rev Immunol, 2020, 39(4): 188-202.
9.	Kung CT, Su CM, Hsiao SY, et al. The prognostic value of serum soluble TREM-1 on outcome in adult patients with sepsis. Diagnostics (Basel), 2021, 11(11): 1979. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11111979.
10.	Singh H, Rai V, Nooti SK, et al. Novel ligands and modulators of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells receptor family: 2015-2020 updates. Expert Opin Ther Pat, 2021, 31(6): 549-561.
11.	Ertel MV, da Silva ABA, de Sousa DF, et al. Who is who within the universe of TREM-like transcripts (TREML)?. Life Sci, 2024, 348: 122696. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122696.
12.	Carrasco K, Boufenzer A, Jolly L, et al. TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol, 2019, 16(5): 460-472.
13.	Theobald V, Schmitt FCF, Middel CS, et al. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in sepsis, and current insights into clinical studies. Crit Care, 2024, 28(1): 17. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04798-2.
14.	Lemarié J, Gibot S. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1: diagnosis or prognosis?. Crit Care Clin, 2020, 36(1): 41-54.
15.	Weckman AM, McDonald CR, Ngai M, et al. Inflammatory profiles in febrile children with moderate and severe malnutrition presenting at-hospital in Uganda are associated with increased mortality. EBioMedicine, 2023, 94: 104721. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104721.
16.	Matos AO, Dantas PHDS, Silva-Sales M, et al. TREM-1 isoforms in bacterial infections: to immune modulation and beyond. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2021, 47(3): 290-306.
17.	de Oliveira YLM, de Sá Resende A, Martins-Filho PR, et al. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Inflammopharmacology, 2022, 30(3): 1037-1045.
18.	de Oliveira Matos A, Dos Santos Dantas PH, Figueira Marques Silva-Sales M, et al. The role of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in non-bacterial infections. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2020, 46(3): 237-252.
19.	Arts RJ, Joosten LA, van der Meer JW, et al. TREM-1: intracellular signaling pathways and interaction with pattern recognition receptors. J Leukoc Biol, 2013, 93(2): 209-215.
20.	Liu H, Yang J, Zhang J, et al. Molecular regulatory mechanism of LILRB4 in the immune response. Cent Eur J Immunol, 2023, 48(1): 43-47.
21.	Gao S, Yi Y, Xia G, et al. The characteristics and pivotal roles of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev, 2019, 18(1): 25-35.
22.	Fan Y, Xu Y, Huo Z, et al. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in kidney diseases: a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl), 2024, 137(14): 1663-1673.
23.	Prins MM, Verstockt B, Ferrante M, et al. Monocyte TREM-1 levels associate with anti-TNF responsiveness in IBD through autophagy and Fcγ-receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 627535. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627535.
24.	Boufenzer A, Carrasco K, Jolly L, et al. Potentiation of NETs release is novel characteristic of TREM-1 activation and the pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 could prevent from the deleterious consequences of NETs release in sepsis. Cell Mol Immunol, 2021, 18(2): 452-460.
25.	McQueen BE, Kollipara A, Gyorke CE, et al. Reduced uterine tissue damage during chlamydia muridarum infection in TREM-1, 3-deficient mice. Infect Immun, 2021, 89(10): e0007221. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00072-21.
26.	Nguyen TTT, Yoon HK, Kim YT, et al. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 signals activate TREM-1 via TLR2 and TLR4. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(9): 1283. doi: 10.3390/biom10091283.
27.	Yin S, Xi R, Wu A, et al. Patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters for drug testing in cancer therapy. Sci Transl Med, 2020, 12(549): eaaz1723. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1723.
28.	Murao A, Aziz M, Wang H, et al. Release mechanisms of major DAMPs. Apoptosis, 2021, 26(3-4): 152-162.
29.	Gulati A, Kaur D, Krishna Prasad GVR, et al. PRR function of innate immune receptors in recognition of bacteria or bacterial ligands. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018, 1112: 255-280.
30.	Balamuth F, Scott HF, Weiss SL, et al. Validation of the pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score and evaluation of third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock definitions in the pediatric emergency department. JAMA Pediatr, 2022, 176(7): 672-678.
31.	Nedeva C. Inflammation and cell death of the innate and adaptive immune system during sepsis. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(7): 1011. doi: 10.3390/biom11071011.
32.	Denning NL, Aziz M, Murao A, et al. Extracellular CIRP as an endogenous TREM-1 ligand to fuel inflammation in sepsis. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(5): e134172. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.134172.
33.	Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet, 2020, 395(10219): 200-211.
34.	Wu J, Vodovotz Y, Abdelhamid S, et al. Multi-omic analysis in injured humans: patterns align with outcomes and treatment responses. Cell Rep Med, 2021, 2(12): 100478. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100478.
35.	赵威云, 胡小倩. 可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1和白介素-10在烧伤脓毒血症诊断中的应用价值. 中国卫生标准管理, 2023, 14(4): 141-145.
36.	Su L, Liu D, Chai W, et al. Role of sTREM-1 in predicting mortality of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2016, 6(5): e010314. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010314.
37.	François B, Wittebole X, Ferrer R, et al. Nangibotide in patients with septic shock: a phase 2a randomized controlled clinical trial. Intensive Care Med, 2020, 46(7): 1425-1437.
38.	Boxhoorn L, Voermans RP, Bouwense SA, et al. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet, 2020, 396(10252): 726-734.
39.	Gomes CA, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, et al. Severe acute pancreatitis: eight fundamental steps revised according to the ’PANCREAS’ acronym. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2020, 102(8): 555-559.
40.	吴嘉文, 孔瑞, 胡继盛, 等. 重症急性胰腺炎伴严重腹腔感染、胆道狭窄多学科诊治1例报告. 中国普通外科杂志, 2024, 33(9): 1529-1535.
41.	Liu D, Wen L, Wang Z, et al. The mechanism of lung and intestinal injury in acute pancreatitis: a review. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 904078. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904078.
42.	张频捷, 曹利军, 鹿中华, 等. 低磷血症对重症急性胰腺炎患者预后的影响. 重庆医科大学学报, 2024, 49(11): 1429-1433.
43.	Zheng Z, Ding YX, Qu YX, et al. A narrative review of acute pancreatitis and its diagnosis, pathogenetic mechanism, and management. Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(1): 69. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4802.
44.	李高升, 杨彤, 赵维波, 等. 重症急性胰腺炎合并腹腔感染病原菌及外周血miRNA、TREM-1基因多态性变化. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2024, 34(21): 3266-3270.
45.	Mohamadzadeh M, Coberley SS, Olinger GG, et al. Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 on human neutrophils by marburg and ebola viruses. J Virol, 2006, 80(14): 7235-7244.
46.	Ruiz-Pacheco JA, Vivanco-Cid H, Izaguirre-Hernández IY, et al. TREM-1 modulation during early stages of dengue virus infection. Immunol Lett, 2014, 158(1-2): 183-188.
47.	Weber B, Schuster S, Zysset D, et al. TREM-1 deficiency can attenuate disease severity without affecting pathogen clearance. PLoS Pathog, 2014, 10(1): e1003900. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003900.
48.	Li J, Yang S, Liu S, et al. Transcriptomic profiling reveals a role for TREM-1 activation in enterovirus D68 infection-induced proinflammatory responses. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 749618. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749618.
49.	Wu X, Zhao W, Miao Q, et al. CCR2⁺TREM-1⁺ monocytes promote natural killer T cell dysfunction contributing towards HBV disease progression. Immunol Res, 2024, 72(5): 938-947.
50.	Murao A, Arif A, Brenner M, et al. Extracellular CIRP and TREM-1 axis promotes ICAM-1-Rho-mediated NETosis in sepsis. FASEB J, 2020, 34(7): 9771-9786.
51.	Qin Q, Liang L, Xia Y. Diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of circulating sTREM-1 in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Infect Genet Evol, 2021, 96: 105074. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105074.
52.	Siskind S, Brenner M, Wang P. TREM-1 modulation strategies for sepsis. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 907387. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907387.
53.	Denning NL, Aziz M, Diao L, et al. Targeting the eCIRP/TREM-1 interaction with a small molecule inhibitor improves cardiac dysfunction in neonatal sepsis. Mol Med, 2020, 26(1): 121. doi: 10.1186/s10020-020-00243-6.
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1. Feng JY, Su WJ, Chuang FY, et al. TREM-1 enhances mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Microbes Infect, 2021, 23(1): 104765. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.001.
2. Nguyen HD, Jo WH, Hoang NHM, et al. Curcumin-attenuated TREM-1/DAP12/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL1B, TLR4/NF-κB pathways, and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by 1, 2-diacetyl benzene: an in vitro and in silico study. Neurotox Res, 2022, 40(5): 1272-1291.
3. Baruah S, Murthy S, Keck K, et al. TREM-1 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by promoting NOX-dependent superoxide production. J Leukoc Biol, 2019, 105(6): 1195-1207.
4. Raggi F, Bosco MC. Targeting mononuclear phagocyte receptors in cancer immunotherapy: new perspectives of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1). Cancers (Basel), 2020, 12(5): 1337. doi: 10.3390/cancers12051337.
5. Zhang C, Kan X, Zhang B, et al. The role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in central nervous system diseases. Mol Brain, 2022, 15(1): 84. doi: 10.1186/s13041-022-00969-w.
6. Li C, Cai C, Xu D, et al. TREM1: activation, signaling, cancer and therapy. Pharmacol Res, 2024, 204: 107212. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107212.
7. Kelker MS, Foss TR, Peti W, et al. Crystal structure of human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) at 1. 47 A. J Mol Biol, 2004, 342(4): 1237-1248.
8. Dantas PHDS, Matos AO, da Silva Filho E, et al. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) as a therapeutic target in infectious and noninfectious disease: a critical review. Int Rev Immunol, 2020, 39(4): 188-202.
9. Kung CT, Su CM, Hsiao SY, et al. The prognostic value of serum soluble TREM-1 on outcome in adult patients with sepsis. Diagnostics (Basel), 2021, 11(11): 1979. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11111979.
10. Singh H, Rai V, Nooti SK, et al. Novel ligands and modulators of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells receptor family: 2015-2020 updates. Expert Opin Ther Pat, 2021, 31(6): 549-561.
11. Ertel MV, da Silva ABA, de Sousa DF, et al. Who is who within the universe of TREM-like transcripts (TREML)?. Life Sci, 2024, 348: 122696. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122696.
12. Carrasco K, Boufenzer A, Jolly L, et al. TREM-1 multimerization is essential for its activation on monocytes and neutrophils. Cell Mol Immunol, 2019, 16(5): 460-472.
13. Theobald V, Schmitt FCF, Middel CS, et al. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in sepsis, and current insights into clinical studies. Crit Care, 2024, 28(1): 17. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04798-2.
14. Lemarié J, Gibot S. Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1: diagnosis or prognosis?. Crit Care Clin, 2020, 36(1): 41-54.
15. Weckman AM, McDonald CR, Ngai M, et al. Inflammatory profiles in febrile children with moderate and severe malnutrition presenting at-hospital in Uganda are associated with increased mortality. EBioMedicine, 2023, 94: 104721. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104721.
16. Matos AO, Dantas PHDS, Silva-Sales M, et al. TREM-1 isoforms in bacterial infections: to immune modulation and beyond. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2021, 47(3): 290-306.
17. de Oliveira YLM, de Sá Resende A, Martins-Filho PR, et al. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Inflammopharmacology, 2022, 30(3): 1037-1045.
18. de Oliveira Matos A, Dos Santos Dantas PH, Figueira Marques Silva-Sales M, et al. The role of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in non-bacterial infections. Crit Rev Microbiol, 2020, 46(3): 237-252.
19. Arts RJ, Joosten LA, van der Meer JW, et al. TREM-1: intracellular signaling pathways and interaction with pattern recognition receptors. J Leukoc Biol, 2013, 93(2): 209-215.
20. Liu H, Yang J, Zhang J, et al. Molecular regulatory mechanism of LILRB4 in the immune response. Cent Eur J Immunol, 2023, 48(1): 43-47.
21. Gao S, Yi Y, Xia G, et al. The characteristics and pivotal roles of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev, 2019, 18(1): 25-35.
22. Fan Y, Xu Y, Huo Z, et al. Role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in kidney diseases: a biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl), 2024, 137(14): 1663-1673.
23. Prins MM, Verstockt B, Ferrante M, et al. Monocyte TREM-1 levels associate with anti-TNF responsiveness in IBD through autophagy and Fcγ-receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 627535. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627535.
24. Boufenzer A, Carrasco K, Jolly L, et al. Potentiation of NETs release is novel characteristic of TREM-1 activation and the pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 could prevent from the deleterious consequences of NETs release in sepsis. Cell Mol Immunol, 2021, 18(2): 452-460.
25. McQueen BE, Kollipara A, Gyorke CE, et al. Reduced uterine tissue damage during chlamydia muridarum infection in TREM-1, 3-deficient mice. Infect Immun, 2021, 89(10): e0007221. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00072-21.
26. Nguyen TTT, Yoon HK, Kim YT, et al. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 signals activate TREM-1 via TLR2 and TLR4. Biomolecules, 2020, 10(9): 1283. doi: 10.3390/biom10091283.
27. Yin S, Xi R, Wu A, et al. Patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters for drug testing in cancer therapy. Sci Transl Med, 2020, 12(549): eaaz1723. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1723.
28. Murao A, Aziz M, Wang H, et al. Release mechanisms of major DAMPs. Apoptosis, 2021, 26(3-4): 152-162.
29. Gulati A, Kaur D, Krishna Prasad GVR, et al. PRR function of innate immune receptors in recognition of bacteria or bacterial ligands. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018, 1112: 255-280.
30. Balamuth F, Scott HF, Weiss SL, et al. Validation of the pediatric sequential organ failure assessment score and evaluation of third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock definitions in the pediatric emergency department. JAMA Pediatr, 2022, 176(7): 672-678.
31. Nedeva C. Inflammation and cell death of the innate and adaptive immune system during sepsis. Biomolecules, 2021, 11(7): 1011. doi: 10.3390/biom11071011.
32. Denning NL, Aziz M, Murao A, et al. Extracellular CIRP as an endogenous TREM-1 ligand to fuel inflammation in sepsis. JCI Insight, 2020, 5(5): e134172. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.134172.
33. Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet, 2020, 395(10219): 200-211.
34. Wu J, Vodovotz Y, Abdelhamid S, et al. Multi-omic analysis in injured humans: patterns align with outcomes and treatment responses. Cell Rep Med, 2021, 2(12): 100478. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100478.
35. 赵威云, 胡小倩. 可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1和白介素-10在烧伤脓毒血症诊断中的应用价值. 中国卫生标准管理, 2023, 14(4): 141-145.
36. Su L, Liu D, Chai W, et al. Role of sTREM-1 in predicting mortality of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2016, 6(5): e010314. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010314.
37. François B, Wittebole X, Ferrer R, et al. Nangibotide in patients with septic shock: a phase 2a randomized controlled clinical trial. Intensive Care Med, 2020, 46(7): 1425-1437.
38. Boxhoorn L, Voermans RP, Bouwense SA, et al. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet, 2020, 396(10252): 726-734.
39. Gomes CA, Di Saverio S, Sartelli M, et al. Severe acute pancreatitis: eight fundamental steps revised according to the ’PANCREAS’ acronym. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2020, 102(8): 555-559.
40. 吴嘉文, 孔瑞, 胡继盛, 等. 重症急性胰腺炎伴严重腹腔感染、胆道狭窄多学科诊治1例报告. 中国普通外科杂志, 2024, 33(9): 1529-1535.
41. Liu D, Wen L, Wang Z, et al. The mechanism of lung and intestinal injury in acute pancreatitis: a review. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 904078. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.904078.
42. 张频捷, 曹利军, 鹿中华, 等. 低磷血症对重症急性胰腺炎患者预后的影响. 重庆医科大学学报, 2024, 49(11): 1429-1433.
43. Zheng Z, Ding YX, Qu YX, et al. A narrative review of acute pancreatitis and its diagnosis, pathogenetic mechanism, and management. Ann Transl Med, 2021, 9(1): 69. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4802.
44. 李高升, 杨彤, 赵维波, 等. 重症急性胰腺炎合并腹腔感染病原菌及外周血miRNA、TREM-1基因多态性变化. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2024, 34(21): 3266-3270.
45. Mohamadzadeh M, Coberley SS, Olinger GG, et al. Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 on human neutrophils by marburg and ebola viruses. J Virol, 2006, 80(14): 7235-7244.
46. Ruiz-Pacheco JA, Vivanco-Cid H, Izaguirre-Hernández IY, et al. TREM-1 modulation during early stages of dengue virus infection. Immunol Lett, 2014, 158(1-2): 183-188.
47. Weber B, Schuster S, Zysset D, et al. TREM-1 deficiency can attenuate disease severity without affecting pathogen clearance. PLoS Pathog, 2014, 10(1): e1003900. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003900.
48. Li J, Yang S, Liu S, et al. Transcriptomic profiling reveals a role for TREM-1 activation in enterovirus D68 infection-induced proinflammatory responses. Front Immunol, 2021, 12: 749618. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749618.
49. Wu X, Zhao W, Miao Q, et al. CCR2⁺TREM-1⁺ monocytes promote natural killer T cell dysfunction contributing towards HBV disease progression. Immunol Res, 2024, 72(5): 938-947.
50. Murao A, Arif A, Brenner M, et al. Extracellular CIRP and TREM-1 axis promotes ICAM-1-Rho-mediated NETosis in sepsis. FASEB J, 2020, 34(7): 9771-9786.
51. Qin Q, Liang L, Xia Y. Diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of circulating sTREM-1 in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Infect Genet Evol, 2021, 96: 105074. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105074.
52. Siskind S, Brenner M, Wang P. TREM-1 modulation strategies for sepsis. Front Immunol, 2022, 13: 907387. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907387.
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Research advances in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis

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