Guideline for identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

 MA Xiaoli ¹ ,  PENG Xiaoxia ² , DUAN Chao ¹ , WANG Huanmin ³ , SU Yan ¹ , LIU Yali ² , HE Lejian ⁴ , WANG Xiaoman ⁵ , YU Tong ⁶ , ZHOU Yuchen ¹ , JIANG Chiyi ¹ , ZHU Shuai ¹

1. Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’t Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
2. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
3. Surgical Oncology Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
4. Pathology Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
5. Ultrasonography Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;
6. Medical Imaging Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

MA Xiaoli, Email: mxl1123@vip.sina.com; PENG Xiaoxia, Email: pengxiaoxia@bch.com.cn

Keywords：

Guideline; Neuroblastoma; Screening; Referral

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.202203129

Video：

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Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignant tumor in children. NB has various clinical manifestations, many of which are not specific, which ultimately lead to the delayed diagnosis of the tumor. In order to provide guidance for the identification of paediatric NB, the guideline for the identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma is formulated and complied using a standard formulation process, and has received input from multidisciplinary experts, based on existing evidence, clinical practices and China's national conditions.

Citation： MA Xiaoli, PENG Xiaoxia, DUAN Chao, WANG Huanmin, SU Yan, LIU Yali, HE Lejian, WANG Xiaoman, YU Tong, ZHOU Yuchen, JIANG Chiyi, ZHU Shuai. Guideline for identification and referral of suspected paediatric neuroblastoma. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2022, 22(11): 1241-1248. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.202203129 Copy

1.	London WB, Castleberry RP, Matthay KK, et al. Evidence for an age cutoff greater than 365 days for neuroblastoma risk group stratification in the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(27): 6459-6465.
2.	Irwin MS, Park JR. Neuroblastoma: paradigm for precision medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2015, 62(1): 225-256.
3.	Schilling FH, Spix C, Berthold F, et al. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(14): 1047-1053.
4.	Sawada T, Kidowaki T, Sugimoto T, et al. Incidence of neuroblastoma in infancy in Japan. Med Pediatr Oncol, 1984, 12(2): 101-103.
5.	Shinagawa T, Kitamura T, Katanoda K, et al. The incidence and mortality rates of neuroblastoma cases before and after the cessation of the mass screening program in Japan: a descriptive study. Int J Cancer, 2017, 140(3): 618-625.
6.	National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Available at: www. nice. org. uk/guidance/ng12.
7.	Ma X, Duan C, Cai S, et al. The development and initial evaluation of referral flowchart for suspected neuroblastoma for pediatricians in nononcology clinics in China. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2021, 68(5): e28869.
8.	王欣迪, 段超, 张大伟, 等. 神经母细胞瘤患儿首发症状及其诊断意义分析. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2019, (5): 359-363.
9.	Tuchman M, Ramnaraine ML, Woods WG, et al. Three years of experience with random urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatrics, 1987, 79(2): 203-205.
10.	Cangemi G, Barco S, Reggiardo G, et al. Interchangeability between 24-hour collection and single spot urines for vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2013, 60(12): 170-172.
11.	Tuchman M, Robison LL, Maynard RC, et al. Assessment of the diurnal variations in urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid excretion for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 1985, 18(3): 176-179.
12.	初平, 鲁洁, 金雅琼, 等. 随机尿香草扁桃酸与肌酐比值检测对神经母细胞瘤诊断价值的Meta分析. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2015, 30(5): 362-367.
13.	Barco S, Gennai I, Reggiardo G, et al. Urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma: report from the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(9): 848-852.
14.	Tran MT, Baglin J, Tran TT, et al. Development of a new biochemical test to diagnose and monitor neuroblastoma in Vietnam: homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(3): 206-215.
15.	杜同信, 方群, 王自正, 等. 神经母细胞瘤患者尿液儿茶酚胺代谢物及血清癌胚抗原, 神经烯醇化酶水平变化分析. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2012, 19(4): 226-228.
16.	李文华, 罗金凤. 随机尿和24小时尿测定香草扁桃酸对临床诊断的比较. 江西医学检验, 2007, 25(2): 174, 136.
17.	Sies CW, Florkowski CM, Sullivan M, et al. Urinary VMA, dopamine and the likelihood of neuroblastoma: a preferred way of reporting laboratory results? Ann Clin Biochem, 2006, 43(Pt 4): 300-305.
18.	王亚柱, 李强, 张锦华, 等. 高效液相色谱法检测尿中儿茶酚胺代谢产物含量在神经母细胞瘤早期诊断中的价值. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2004, 6(1): 34-37.
19.	李民驹, 黄勇, 鱼达. 任意尿香草扁桃酸和高香草酸的肌酐比值测定诊断神经母细胞瘤. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2002, 31(3): 219-221.
20.	黄勇, 李民驹, 鱼达. 随机尿VMA、HVA与肌酐比值的测定. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2000, 21(3): 145-147.
21.	Monsaingeon M, Perel Y, Simonnet G, et al. Comparative values of catecholamines and metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Eur J Pediatr, 2003, 162(6): 397-402.
22.	Gitlow SE, Bertani LM, Rausen A, et al. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma by qualitative and quantitative determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine. Cancer, 1970, 25(6): 1377-1383.
23.	Adedayo AA, Igashi JB, Mshelbwala PM, et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal masses in children in Nigeria. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2019, 16(1): 1-5.
24.	王宁, 王晓曼, 钱林学, 等. 超声诊断儿童颈部神经母细胞瘤. 中国介入影像与治疗学, 2016, 13(5): 315-317.
25.	王艳晓, 王婕妤, 刘颖, 等. 超声和CT在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断、临床分期和治疗方案制定中的价值分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2020, 28(13): 2291-2294.
26.	张遇乐, 王娜. 超声对小儿神经母细胞瘤的诊断价值分析. 中华生物医学工程杂志, 2020, 26(6): 494-497.
27.	汤祎, 邢艳. 多层螺旋CT与彩色多普勒超声对小儿腹部神经母细胞瘤的检查结果比较. 医疗装备, 2020, 33(12): 29-30.
28.	吴宙光, 王斌, 陈子民, 等. 彩色多普勒超声对儿童神经母细胞瘤的诊断分析. 中国肿瘤临床与康复, 2020, 27(3): 257-260.
29.	张尧, 王烁, 刘博威. 超声诊断小儿神经母细胞瘤的临床应用价值. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2019, 30(5): 333-336.
30.	黄雪, 李智贤, 廖新红, 等. 彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿腹部神经母细胞瘤的临床应用. 广西医科大学学报, 2017, 34(6): 910-912.
31.	何耀众. 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿神经母细胞性肿瘤的临床价值. 中国实用神经疾病杂志, 2016, 19(1): 87-88.
32.	王艳晓, 马灵芝. 彩色多普勒超声在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断和随访中的价值. 现代肿瘤医学, 2013, 21(4): 855-857.
33.	秦敬, 于本霞. 儿童神经母细胞瘤的超声与CT诊断及对比分析. 中国实用医药, 2008, 3(19): 62-63.
34.	王亚柱, 周微微, 张锦华, 等. 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断隐蔽型神经母细胞瘤. 中国现代医学杂志, 2004, 14(9): 96-97.
35.	蒲英英, 张锦华, 王善伯, 等. 隐蔽型神经母细胞瘤的影像学定位诊断. 中国医学影像学杂志, 1998, 6(2): 30-32.
36.	乐桂蓉, 黄道中, 张青萍. 彩色多普勒超声在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断中的应用价值. 中国超声医学杂志, 1996, 12(2): 50-52.
37.	Swift CC, Eklund MJ, Kraveka JM, et al. Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics, 2018, 38(2): 566-580.
38.	中国抗癌协会小儿肿瘤专业委员会, 中华医学会小儿外科学分会肿瘤外科学组. 儿童神经母细胞瘤诊疗专家共识. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2015, 36(1): 3-7.
39.	张安安, 潘慈, 叶启东, 等. 4期神经母细胞瘤综合治疗的远期随访观察. 中华医学杂志, 2014, 94(20): 1547-1552.

1. London WB, Castleberry RP, Matthay KK, et al. Evidence for an age cutoff greater than 365 days for neuroblastoma risk group stratification in the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol, 2005, 23(27): 6459-6465.
2. Irwin MS, Park JR. Neuroblastoma: paradigm for precision medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am, 2015, 62(1): 225-256.
3. Schilling FH, Spix C, Berthold F, et al. Neuroblastoma screening at one year of age. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346(14): 1047-1053.
4. Sawada T, Kidowaki T, Sugimoto T, et al. Incidence of neuroblastoma in infancy in Japan. Med Pediatr Oncol, 1984, 12(2): 101-103.
5. Shinagawa T, Kitamura T, Katanoda K, et al. The incidence and mortality rates of neuroblastoma cases before and after the cessation of the mass screening program in Japan: a descriptive study. Int J Cancer, 2017, 140(3): 618-625.
6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Suspected cancer: recognition and referral. Available at: www. nice. org. uk/guidance/ng12.
7. Ma X, Duan C, Cai S, et al. The development and initial evaluation of referral flowchart for suspected neuroblastoma for pediatricians in nononcology clinics in China. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2021, 68(5): e28869.
8. 王欣迪, 段超, 张大伟, 等. 神经母细胞瘤患儿首发症状及其诊断意义分析. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2019, (5): 359-363.
9. Tuchman M, Ramnaraine ML, Woods WG, et al. Three years of experience with random urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatrics, 1987, 79(2): 203-205.
10. Cangemi G, Barco S, Reggiardo G, et al. Interchangeability between 24-hour collection and single spot urines for vanillylmandelic and homovanillic acid levels in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer, 2013, 60(12): 170-172.
11. Tuchman M, Robison LL, Maynard RC, et al. Assessment of the diurnal variations in urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid excretion for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 1985, 18(3): 176-179.
12. 初平, 鲁洁, 金雅琼, 等. 随机尿香草扁桃酸与肌酐比值检测对神经母细胞瘤诊断价值的Meta分析. 中国实用儿科杂志, 2015, 30(5): 362-367.
13. Barco S, Gennai I, Reggiardo G, et al. Urinary homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma: report from the Italian Cooperative Group for Neuroblastoma. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(9): 848-852.
14. Tran MT, Baglin J, Tran TT, et al. Development of a new biochemical test to diagnose and monitor neuroblastoma in Vietnam: homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem, 2014, 47(3): 206-215.
15. 杜同信, 方群, 王自正, 等. 神经母细胞瘤患者尿液儿茶酚胺代谢物及血清癌胚抗原, 神经烯醇化酶水平变化分析. 标记免疫分析与临床, 2012, 19(4): 226-228.
16. 李文华, 罗金凤. 随机尿和24小时尿测定香草扁桃酸对临床诊断的比较. 江西医学检验, 2007, 25(2): 174, 136.
17. Sies CW, Florkowski CM, Sullivan M, et al. Urinary VMA, dopamine and the likelihood of neuroblastoma: a preferred way of reporting laboratory results? Ann Clin Biochem, 2006, 43(Pt 4): 300-305.
18. 王亚柱, 李强, 张锦华, 等. 高效液相色谱法检测尿中儿茶酚胺代谢产物含量在神经母细胞瘤早期诊断中的价值. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2004, 6(1): 34-37.
19. 李民驹, 黄勇, 鱼达. 任意尿香草扁桃酸和高香草酸的肌酐比值测定诊断神经母细胞瘤. 浙江大学学报(医学版), 2002, 31(3): 219-221.
20. 黄勇, 李民驹, 鱼达. 随机尿VMA、HVA与肌酐比值的测定. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2000, 21(3): 145-147.
21. Monsaingeon M, Perel Y, Simonnet G, et al. Comparative values of catecholamines and metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Eur J Pediatr, 2003, 162(6): 397-402.
22. Gitlow SE, Bertani LM, Rausen A, et al. Diagnosis of neuroblastoma by qualitative and quantitative determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine. Cancer, 1970, 25(6): 1377-1383.
23. Adedayo AA, Igashi JB, Mshelbwala PM, et al. Accuracy of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal masses in children in Nigeria. Afr J Paediatr Surg, 2019, 16(1): 1-5.
24. 王宁, 王晓曼, 钱林学, 等. 超声诊断儿童颈部神经母细胞瘤. 中国介入影像与治疗学, 2016, 13(5): 315-317.
25. 王艳晓, 王婕妤, 刘颖, 等. 超声和CT在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断、临床分期和治疗方案制定中的价值分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2020, 28(13): 2291-2294.
26. 张遇乐, 王娜. 超声对小儿神经母细胞瘤的诊断价值分析. 中华生物医学工程杂志, 2020, 26(6): 494-497.
27. 汤祎, 邢艳. 多层螺旋CT与彩色多普勒超声对小儿腹部神经母细胞瘤的检查结果比较. 医疗装备, 2020, 33(12): 29-30.
28. 吴宙光, 王斌, 陈子民, 等. 彩色多普勒超声对儿童神经母细胞瘤的诊断分析. 中国肿瘤临床与康复, 2020, 27(3): 257-260.
29. 张尧, 王烁, 刘博威. 超声诊断小儿神经母细胞瘤的临床应用价值. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2019, 30(5): 333-336.
30. 黄雪, 李智贤, 廖新红, 等. 彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿腹部神经母细胞瘤的临床应用. 广西医科大学学报, 2017, 34(6): 910-912.
31. 何耀众. 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断小儿神经母细胞性肿瘤的临床价值. 中国实用神经疾病杂志, 2016, 19(1): 87-88.
32. 王艳晓, 马灵芝. 彩色多普勒超声在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断和随访中的价值. 现代肿瘤医学, 2013, 21(4): 855-857.
33. 秦敬, 于本霞. 儿童神经母细胞瘤的超声与CT诊断及对比分析. 中国实用医药, 2008, 3(19): 62-63.
34. 王亚柱, 周微微, 张锦华, 等. 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断隐蔽型神经母细胞瘤. 中国现代医学杂志, 2004, 14(9): 96-97.
35. 蒲英英, 张锦华, 王善伯, 等. 隐蔽型神经母细胞瘤的影像学定位诊断. 中国医学影像学杂志, 1998, 6(2): 30-32.
36. 乐桂蓉, 黄道中, 张青萍. 彩色多普勒超声在儿童神经母细胞瘤诊断中的应用价值. 中国超声医学杂志, 1996, 12(2): 50-52.
37. Swift CC, Eklund MJ, Kraveka JM, et al. Updates in diagnosis, management, and treatment of neuroblastoma. Radiographics, 2018, 38(2): 566-580.
38. 中国抗癌协会小儿肿瘤专业委员会, 中华医学会小儿外科学分会肿瘤外科学组. 儿童神经母细胞瘤诊疗专家共识. 中华小儿外科杂志, 2015, 36(1): 3-7.
39. 张安安, 潘慈, 叶启东, 等. 4期神经母细胞瘤综合治疗的远期随访观察. 中华医学杂志, 2014, 94(20): 1547-1552.

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