Research progress on the influence and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection on seizure_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

XIANG Qi ^1,2 ,  LIU Xuewu ^1,2

1. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial, Jinan 250021, China;
2. Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Xuewu, Email: snlxw1966@163.com

Keywords：

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; Corona virus disease 2019; Epilepsy; Seizure

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202311002

Video：

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At present, there are few studies on patients with epilepsy (PWE) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the results of many studies are inconsistent. SARS-CoV-2 may cause new seizures through a variety of mechanisms, and the susceptibility and mortality of PWE to SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, anxiety, depression and other psychological problems were common among epileptic patients. Clinicians providing telemedicine, telephone chat and video call can effectively reduce the risk of psychological disorders in PWE patients. At the same time, there are many interactions between antiepileptic drugs and various antiviral drugs, which should be carefully considered when using. Considering that the research results are few and many studies contradict each other, PWE and SARS-CoV-2 deserve further exploration in future studies.

Citation： XIANG Qi, LIU Xuewu. Research progress on the influence and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection on seizure. Journal of Epilepsy, 2024, 10(1): 57-60. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202311002 Copy

1.	Hussin A Rothan, Siddappa N Byrareddy. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 2020, 109: 102433.
2.	Pablo Cabezudo-Garcia, Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen, Natalia Mena-Vazquez, et al. Incidence and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with active epilepsy. Neurology, 2020, 95(10): e1417-e1425.
3.	Tiziana Granata, Francesca Bisulli, Alexis Arzimanoglou, et al. Did the COVID-19 pandemic silence the needs of people with epilepsy? Epileptic Disorders, 2020, 22(4): 439-442.
4.	Divya Vohora, Shreshta Jain, Manjari Tripathi, et al. COVID-19 and seizures: is there a link? Epilepsia, 2020, 61(9): 1840-1853.
5.	Roland D Thijs, Rainer Surges, Terence J O'Brien, et al. Epilepsy in adults. The Lancet, 2019, 393(10172): 689-701.
6.	Amza Ali. Global health: epilepsy. Seminars in Neurology. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2018, 38(2): 191-199.
7.	Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel BerkovicS, Guiseppe Capovilla, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(4): 512-521.
8.	Naoto Kuroda. Epilepsy and COVID-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2020, 108: 107122.
9.	Luca Steardo, Luca Jr Steardo, Robert Zorec, et al. Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Acta Physiologica, 2020, 229(3): e13473.
10.	Huang Chaolin, Wang Yeming, LI Xingwang, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 497-506.
11.	Abdurrahman Tufan, Aslihan Avanoglu Guler, Marco Matucci-Cerinic. COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020, 50(SI-1): 620-632.
12.	Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Clare Bryce, Zachary Grimes, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Journal of Medical Virology, 2020, 92(7): 699-702.
13.	Li Yanchao, Bai Wanzhu, Tsutomu Hashikawa. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. Journal of Medical Virology, 2020, 92(6): 552-555.
14.	EA van Vliet, da Costa Araujo S, S Redeker, et al. Blood-brain barrier leakage may lead to progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain, 2007, 130(Pt 2): 521-534.
15.	EA Kiyatkin, HS Sharma. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier depends on brain temperature. Neuroscience, 2009, 161(3): 926-939.
16.	Tang Ning , Li Dengju, Wang Xiong, et al. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 2020, 18(4): 844-847.
17.	Tang Ning, Bai Huan, Chen Xing, et al. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. Journal of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 2020, 18(5): 1094-1099.
18.	Doodipala Samba Reddy, Aamir Bhimani, Ramkumar Kuruba, et al. Prospects of modeling poststroke epileptogenesis. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2017, 95(4): 1000-1016.
19.	Wang Xin , Xuan Wei, Zhu Ziyu , et al. The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke. Cns Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2018, 24(12): 1100-1114.
20.	Livan Delgado-Roche, Fernando Mesta. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection. Archives Of Medical Research, 2020, 51(5): 384-387.
21.	Albert Lim, Rhys H Thomas. The mitochondrial epilepsies. European journal of paediatric neurology, 2020, 24: 47-52.
22.	Oliver Kann, Richard Kovacs. Mitochondria and neuronal activity. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 2007, 292(2): C641-657.
23.	Giuseppe Lippi, Andrew M South, Brandon Michael Henry. Electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2020, 57(3): 262-265.
24.	Luis Castilla-Guerra, Maria del Carmen Fernandez-Moreno, Jose Manuel Lopez-Chozas, et al. Electrolytes disturbances and seizures. Epilepsia, 2006, 47(12): 1990-1998.
25.	Gabriel Westman, Johan Zelano. Epilepsy diagnosis after Covid-19: a population-wide study. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 2022, 101: 11-14.
26.	Elizabeth Carroll, Henry Neumann, Maria E. Aguero‐Rosenfeld, et al. Post–COVID‐19 inflammatory syndrome manifesting as refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(10): E135-E139.
27.	Bilal Athar Jalil, Mohsin Ijaz, Amir Maqbul Khan, et al. A young man presenting with encephalopathy and seizures secondary to SARS-CoV-2. BMJ Case Reports, 2021, 14(3): e240576.
28.	Catello Vollono, Eleonora Rollo, Marina Romozzi, et al. Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: a case report. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 2020, 78: 109-112.
29.	Sidhartha Chattopadhyay, Sagar Basu, Kamalesh Majumdar. Seizure after recovery from Covid-19. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021, 10(7): 2713-2715.
30.	Eman M. Khedr, Ahmed Shoyb, Mahmoud Mohammaden, et al. Acute symptomatic seizures and COVID-19: Hospital-based study. Epilepsy Research, 2021, 174: 106650.
31.	Joonsang Yoo, Jee Hyun Kim, Jimin Jeon, et al. Risk of COVID-19 Infection and of severe complications among people with epilepsy: a nationwide cohort study. Neurology, 2022, 98(19): e1886-e1892.
32.	Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Amir Emami, Ali AkbariA, et al. COVID-19 presentations and outcome in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2021, 143(6): 624-628.
33.	Karolina Anuszkiewicz, Piotr Stogowski, Marta Zawadzka, et al. COVID-19 pandemic influence on epilepsy course in pediatric patients. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2022, 129: 108581.
34.	Mariana Dos Santos Lunardi, Rachel Marin de Carvalho, Raquel Alencastro Veiga Domingues Carneiro, et al. Patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: depressive symptoms and their association with healthcare access. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 122: 108178.
35.	Mahsa Tashakori Miyanroudi, Aghdas Souresrafil, Paria Hashemi, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in patients with epilepsy during COVID-19: a systematic review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 125: 108410.
36.	Marta Karazniewicz-Lada, Anna K Glowka, Aniceta A Mikulska, et al. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions among antiepileptic drugs, including cbd, drugs used to treat COVID-19 and nutrients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(17): 9582.
37.	Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Armin Attar, Mohsen Moghadami, et al. Management of COVID-19 in people with epilepsy: drug considerations. Neurological Sciences, 2020, 41(8): 2005-2011.

1. Hussin A Rothan, Siddappa N Byrareddy. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity, 2020, 109: 102433.
2. Pablo Cabezudo-Garcia, Nicolas Lundahl Ciano-Petersen, Natalia Mena-Vazquez, et al. Incidence and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with active epilepsy. Neurology, 2020, 95(10): e1417-e1425.
3. Tiziana Granata, Francesca Bisulli, Alexis Arzimanoglou, et al. Did the COVID-19 pandemic silence the needs of people with epilepsy? Epileptic Disorders, 2020, 22(4): 439-442.
4. Divya Vohora, Shreshta Jain, Manjari Tripathi, et al. COVID-19 and seizures: is there a link? Epilepsia, 2020, 61(9): 1840-1853.
5. Roland D Thijs, Rainer Surges, Terence J O'Brien, et al. Epilepsy in adults. The Lancet, 2019, 393(10172): 689-701.
6. Amza Ali. Global health: epilepsy. Seminars in Neurology. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2018, 38(2): 191-199.
7. Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel BerkovicS, Guiseppe Capovilla, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia, 2017, 58(4): 512-521.
8. Naoto Kuroda. Epilepsy and COVID-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy and Behavior, 2020, 108: 107122.
9. Luca Steardo, Luca Jr Steardo, Robert Zorec, et al. Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Acta Physiologica, 2020, 229(3): e13473.
10. Huang Chaolin, Wang Yeming, LI Xingwang, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 2020, 395(10223): 497-506.
11. Abdurrahman Tufan, Aslihan Avanoglu Guler, Marco Matucci-Cerinic. COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020, 50(SI-1): 620-632.
12. Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Clare Bryce, Zachary Grimes, et al. Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Journal of Medical Virology, 2020, 92(7): 699-702.
13. Li Yanchao, Bai Wanzhu, Tsutomu Hashikawa. The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. Journal of Medical Virology, 2020, 92(6): 552-555.
14. EA van Vliet, da Costa Araujo S, S Redeker, et al. Blood-brain barrier leakage may lead to progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain, 2007, 130(Pt 2): 521-534.
15. EA Kiyatkin, HS Sharma. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier depends on brain temperature. Neuroscience, 2009, 161(3): 926-939.
16. Tang Ning , Li Dengju, Wang Xiong, et al. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 2020, 18(4): 844-847.
17. Tang Ning, Bai Huan, Chen Xing, et al. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. Journal of Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 2020, 18(5): 1094-1099.
18. Doodipala Samba Reddy, Aamir Bhimani, Ramkumar Kuruba, et al. Prospects of modeling poststroke epileptogenesis. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 2017, 95(4): 1000-1016.
19. Wang Xin , Xuan Wei, Zhu Ziyu , et al. The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke. Cns Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 2018, 24(12): 1100-1114.
20. Livan Delgado-Roche, Fernando Mesta. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection. Archives Of Medical Research, 2020, 51(5): 384-387.
21. Albert Lim, Rhys H Thomas. The mitochondrial epilepsies. European journal of paediatric neurology, 2020, 24: 47-52.
22. Oliver Kann, Richard Kovacs. Mitochondria and neuronal activity. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 2007, 292(2): C641-657.
23. Giuseppe Lippi, Andrew M South, Brandon Michael Henry. Electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, 2020, 57(3): 262-265.
24. Luis Castilla-Guerra, Maria del Carmen Fernandez-Moreno, Jose Manuel Lopez-Chozas, et al. Electrolytes disturbances and seizures. Epilepsia, 2006, 47(12): 1990-1998.
25. Gabriel Westman, Johan Zelano. Epilepsy diagnosis after Covid-19: a population-wide study. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 2022, 101: 11-14.
26. Elizabeth Carroll, Henry Neumann, Maria E. Aguero‐Rosenfeld, et al. Post–COVID‐19 inflammatory syndrome manifesting as refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 2020, 61(10): E135-E139.
27. Bilal Athar Jalil, Mohsin Ijaz, Amir Maqbul Khan, et al. A young man presenting with encephalopathy and seizures secondary to SARS-CoV-2. BMJ Case Reports, 2021, 14(3): e240576.
28. Catello Vollono, Eleonora Rollo, Marina Romozzi, et al. Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: a case report. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 2020, 78: 109-112.
29. Sidhartha Chattopadhyay, Sagar Basu, Kamalesh Majumdar. Seizure after recovery from Covid-19. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021, 10(7): 2713-2715.
30. Eman M. Khedr, Ahmed Shoyb, Mahmoud Mohammaden, et al. Acute symptomatic seizures and COVID-19: Hospital-based study. Epilepsy Research, 2021, 174: 106650.
31. Joonsang Yoo, Jee Hyun Kim, Jimin Jeon, et al. Risk of COVID-19 Infection and of severe complications among people with epilepsy: a nationwide cohort study. Neurology, 2022, 98(19): e1886-e1892.
32. Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Amir Emami, Ali AkbariA, et al. COVID-19 presentations and outcome in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 2021, 143(6): 624-628.
33. Karolina Anuszkiewicz, Piotr Stogowski, Marta Zawadzka, et al. COVID-19 pandemic influence on epilepsy course in pediatric patients. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2022, 129: 108581.
34. Mariana Dos Santos Lunardi, Rachel Marin de Carvalho, Raquel Alencastro Veiga Domingues Carneiro, et al. Patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: depressive symptoms and their association with healthcare access. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 122: 108178.
35. Mahsa Tashakori Miyanroudi, Aghdas Souresrafil, Paria Hashemi, et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress in patients with epilepsy during COVID-19: a systematic review. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2021, 125: 108410.
36. Marta Karazniewicz-Lada, Anna K Glowka, Aniceta A Mikulska, et al. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions among antiepileptic drugs, including cbd, drugs used to treat COVID-19 and nutrients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(17): 9582.
37. Ali A Asadi-Pooya, Armin Attar, Mohsen Moghadami, et al. Management of COVID-19 in people with epilepsy: drug considerations. Neurological Sciences, 2020, 41(8): 2005-2011.

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