Investigation on the development of ketogenic diet therapy in China_Journal of Epilepsy

Authors：

ZHOU Wenjing ¹ , WANG Huihui ¹ , WEI Jurong ¹ , YE Yuanzhen ² ,  LIAO Jianxiang ²

1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China;
2. Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518038, China;

Corresponding author：

LIAO Jianxiang, Email: epilepsycenter@vip.163.com

Keywords：

Ketogenic diet therapy; Pediatric epilepsy; Epidemiology; Investigation; Epilepsy center

DOI：

10.7507/2096-0247.202506011

Video：

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Objective To investigate the current situation of ketogenic diet treatment centers in China, including the target, quantity, indication diseases, staffing and regional distribution of ketogenic diet therapy centers.Methods Members from the China Association Against Epilepsy (CAAE) received an investigation on the development situation of ketogenic diet therapy in their own epilepsy centers through an online survey. Results At present, there are 91 centers for ketogenic diet therapy in China, and among them, there are 74 centers (81.32%) only treat pediatric patients. 59 centers of them (64.83%) were established between 2010 and 2020; patients of 63 centers (69.23%) have been treated with ketogenic therapy for status epilepticus (SE), among which only 9 centers (14.29%) have 5 or more epileptic patients on averge per month. 35 centers (38.46%) are offering ketogenic diet treatment for indications other than epilepsy. The main diseases are autism spectrum disorder, encephalitis, febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), rare diseases and glycolipid metabolic diseases. All ketogenic diet treatment centers are equipped with high-quality professionals, mainly neurologists and pediatric physicians; There are significant differences in regional distribution, with centers in the eastern region accounting for more than half (53.85%). Conclusions The development of ketogenic diet therapy in China has achieved initial results, but there are still some problems such as small number of patients treated and uneven geographical distribution.

Citation： ZHOU Wenjing, WANG Huihui, WEI Jurong, YE Yuanzhen, LIAO Jianxiang. Investigation on the development of ketogenic diet therapy in China. Journal of Epilepsy, 2025, 11(5): 405-410. doi: 10.7507/2096-0247.202506011 Copy

1.	Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192.
2.	Abbasi J. Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 2018, 319(3): 215-217.
3.	Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, et al. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr, 2013, 110(7): 1178-1187.
4.	Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes, 2017, 7(12): 304.
5.	Wells J, Swaminathan A, Paseka J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy-a review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(6): 1809.
6.	脑认知健康管理中国专家共识制定委员会, 《中华健康管理学杂志》编辑委员会. 脑认知健康管理中国专家共识(2023). 中华健康管理学杂志, 2023, 17(12): 881-892.
7.	李国平, 朱婷, 孙瑀. 高质量区域空间格局构建下中国经济区划调整研究. 地理科学, 2024, 44(1): 20-29.
8.	张欢, 张童, 胡万冬, 等. 生酮饮食治疗遗传性发育性癫痫性脑病的有效性与安全性. 癫痫杂志, 025, 11(3): 220-225.
9.	中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组, 中国抗癫痫协会, 中华儿科杂志编辑委员会. 生酮饮食疗法在癫痫及相关神经系统疾病中的应用专家共识. 中华儿科杂志, 2019, 57(11): 820-825.
10.	Nabbout R, Mazzuca M, Hubert P, et al. Efficacy of ketogenic dietin severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induce refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children(FIRES). Epilepsia, 2010, 51(10): 2033-2037.
11.	中国抗癫痫协会生酮饮食专业委员会. 葡萄糖转运体1缺陷综合征的诊断与治疗专家共识. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2022, 37(19): 1452-1457.
12.	潘英, 黄高展, 连楚南, 等. 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物缺乏症一例并文献复习. 国际儿科学杂志, 2017, 44(6): 437-439.
13.	Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. The managementof very low‐calorie ketogenic diet in obesity outpatient clinic: a practical guide. J Transl Med, 2019, 17(1): 356.
14.	Allen BG, Bhatia SK, Anderson CM, et al. Ketogenic diets as anadjuvant cancer therapy: history and potential mechanism. Redox Biol, 2014, 2: 963-970.
15.	IJff DM, Postulart D, Lambrechts D, et al. Cognitive and be‐havioral impact of the ketogenic diet in children and adoles‐cents with refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav, 2016, 60: 153-157.
16.	马翠, 周先东. 全国各地区医疗卫生水平综合评价分析. 重庆医学, 2022, 51(17): 3053-3058.

1. Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Auvin S, et al. Optimal clinical management of children receiving dietary therapies for epilepsy: Updated recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group. Epilepsia Open, 2018, 3(2): 175-192.
2. Abbasi J. Interest in the ketogenic diet grows for weight loss and type 2 diabetes. JAMA, 2018, 319(3): 215-217.
3. Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, et al. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr, 2013, 110(7): 1178-1187.
4. Saslow LR, Daubenmier JJ, Moskowitz JT, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a randomized trial of a moderate-carbohydrate versus very low-carbohydrate diet in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or prediabetes. Nutr Diabetes, 2017, 7(12): 304.
5. Wells J, Swaminathan A, Paseka J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a ketogenic diet in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy-a review. Nutrients, 2020, 12(6): 1809.
6. 脑认知健康管理中国专家共识制定委员会, 《中华健康管理学杂志》编辑委员会. 脑认知健康管理中国专家共识(2023). 中华健康管理学杂志, 2023, 17(12): 881-892.
7. 李国平, 朱婷, 孙瑀. 高质量区域空间格局构建下中国经济区划调整研究. 地理科学, 2024, 44(1): 20-29.
8. 张欢, 张童, 胡万冬, 等. 生酮饮食治疗遗传性发育性癫痫性脑病的有效性与安全性. 癫痫杂志, 025, 11(3): 220-225.
9. 中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组, 中国抗癫痫协会, 中华儿科杂志编辑委员会. 生酮饮食疗法在癫痫及相关神经系统疾病中的应用专家共识. 中华儿科杂志, 2019, 57(11): 820-825.
10. Nabbout R, Mazzuca M, Hubert P, et al. Efficacy of ketogenic dietin severe refractory status epilepticus initiating fever induce refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school age children(FIRES). Epilepsia, 2010, 51(10): 2033-2037.
11. 中国抗癫痫协会生酮饮食专业委员会. 葡萄糖转运体1缺陷综合征的诊断与治疗专家共识. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2022, 37(19): 1452-1457.
12. 潘英, 黄高展, 连楚南, 等. 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物缺乏症一例并文献复习. 国际儿科学杂志, 2017, 44(6): 437-439.
13. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, et al. The managementof very low‐calorie ketogenic diet in obesity outpatient clinic: a practical guide. J Transl Med, 2019, 17(1): 356.
14. Allen BG, Bhatia SK, Anderson CM, et al. Ketogenic diets as anadjuvant cancer therapy: history and potential mechanism. Redox Biol, 2014, 2: 963-970.
15. IJff DM, Postulart D, Lambrechts D, et al. Cognitive and be‐havioral impact of the ketogenic diet in children and adoles‐cents with refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav, 2016, 60: 153-157.
16. 马翠, 周先东. 全国各地区医疗卫生水平综合评价分析. 重庆医学, 2022, 51(17): 3053-3058.

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