Objectives To analyze the effect of improved oven for defluorination in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in China, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of fluorosis. Methods Electronic databases including CNKI, CBM, VIP and CDMD-D (1989 to 2005), were searched. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. We selected relevant articles according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed . Data on room heat preservation and the effect of improved oven for defluorination were collected in the surveillance spots of Three Gorges Reservoir. Correlation analyses were conducted between the improved oven and its effect parameters. Results Twelve articles of low quality met the selection criteria, of which 9 were graded C and 3 were graded D in terms of the methodological quality. A negative correlation was found between the decreasing rate of normal oven use and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of urine fluorine (Pearson correlation coefficient r = – 0.87, – 0.63, Plt;0.01, lt;0.05, respectively). Analysis also revealed a positive correlation between room heat preservation and the decreasing rate of dental fluorosis as well as of normal oven use (the two Spearman correlation coefficients and P values were the same: r = –1.00, Plt;0.01). Conclusion High-quality studies on the effect of improved oven for defluorination in China are not available. Based on the current evidence, the improved oven for defluorination and the correct use, maintenance and house rebuilding for heat preservation may help to prevent fluorosis.
Amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning is one of the most harmful and lethal types of mushroom poisoning events. Its basic medical and clinical medical knowledge has not been fully understood and mastered, so the basic and clinical diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning has always been a hot research field of acute mushroom poisoning. This article focuses on the new progress in the epidemiology, toxicological properties, poisoning mechanism, clinical diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning, in order to provide the basis for further study, diagnosis and treatment of amanitin-containing mushroom poisoning for basic researchers and clinical medical staff.
ObjectiveTo observe the prognosis index in acute arsenic trihydride poisoning patients in order to provide references for early clinical treatment. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 20 acute arsenic trihydride poisoning patients treated between July 2010 and January 2014. The patients were divided into death group and survival group according to survival situation 90 days later. The length of time from onset to treatment, urine arsenic concentration, blood routine, hepatic and renal function, electrolyte, myocardial enzyme, arterial blood gas analysis were observed by single factor analysis, and the positive indexes were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to seek the potential influencing factors for survival. ResultsCompared with the survival group, the length of time from onset to treatment, urine arsenic, serum total bilirubin, creatinine, creatine kinase of the death group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the value of pH, HCO3-, BE of the survival group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that these indexes remarkably affected patients' survival rate. ConclusionTherapeutic time window, extent of damage of heart, liver, kidney and acid-base imbalance are closely associated with the survival rate of arsenic trihydride poisoning patients, and timely treatment for above factors can be useful for improving prognosis.
In order to explore the histochemical changes in retina after intravitreal injection of gentamycin,a histochemical quantitative analysis of cytochrome oxidase(CYO)and acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)was performed with a computerized image analysis system and was compared with that of morphological study.The results showed that CYO decreased significantly in 100mu;g dosage group.With increasing intravitreal gentamycin dosage or observed days,CYO decreased gradually in all rabbits.In 100~500mu;g dosage groups,ACHE changed mildly at 3 days of injection.It decreased significantly at 7 days.However,it was destroyed completely in 1000~3000mu;g dosage groups at 3 days. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:232-235）
ObjectiveTo establish paraquat (PQ)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mice model via gavage, in order to simulate oral adminitration in clinical situations.MethodsSeventy-eight 6-8-week-old, specific pathogen free female C57 mice were chosen in this study. The mice were randomly divided into the control group (n=6) and the PQ model group(n=36); the mice in the latter group were randomly divided into 6 poisoning model subgroups further, with 6 mice in each, to find out the suitable concentration of PQ to establish stable ARDS model. The mice in the control group were given phosphatebuffer saline (PBS) by gavage, 200 μL per mouse; while the mice in the 6 poisoning model subgroups were given PQ with varies doses of 3, 10, 30, 100, 150, 300 mg/kg respectively by gavage. The clinical manifestations were observed for 7 days, and the ratio of lung wet/dry (W/D) was measured. After the suitable concentration of PQ for stable ARDS mice model was found, the other 36 mice were randomly divided into the controlgroup and the poisoning model group, both were divided into 4 subgroups, according to different observation point in time (1 day and 2, 3, 4 days after PQ gavage). The mice in the 4 control subgroups (n=3) were given PBS by gavage, 200 μL per mouse; while the mice in the 4 poisoning model subgroups (n=6) were given PQ with the suitable concentration for ARDS mice model by gavage. Pathological manifestations by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining and lung injury score were observed and analyzed.ResultsThe mice began to die at the PQ dosage of 150 mg/kg; while the death rate was stable at 300 mg/kg. On the 2nd and 4th day after PQ gavage, lung W/D was 5.335, 6.113, and 5.525, and 6.403, respectively in the mice in 150 and 300 mg/kg subgroup, which differed much from those in the control group (P<0.001). Congestion, edema, hemorrhage, alveolar structure damage, inflammation cells infiltration of lung tissue were observed, and lung injury score increased.ConclusionPQ-induced ARDS mice model by gavage is established successfully.
Poisoning is a frequent reason for patients to seek emergency medical attention, and in severe cases, it can result in severe cardiac disease or cardiac arrest. American Heart Association published the guideline for the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning in Circulation on September 18, 2023. Based on the literature, this article interprets the suggestions related to neurotoxic substances in this guideline, mainly involving the clinical management of benzodiazepines, opioids, cocaine, local anesthetics, and sympathomimetic substances poisoning. By interpreting the recommended points of the guide in detail, it is hoped that it will be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of readers.