ObjectiveTo discuss clinical characteristics and nursing countermeasure of pregnant/delivery women with tuberculosis. MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2013, 52 cases of pregnant women complicated with tuberculosis were included. We offered specific nursing according to the psychological counseling, reasonable administration, diet nursing, fever and prevention of hospital infection on the base of their clinical features, and then analyzed the effect. ResultsIn 52 patients who had undergone the tuberculosis and obsterrics and gynecology treatment, 4 puerperal patients died of severe pneumonia and multiple organ failure; in 48 gestational patients with tuberculosis, 23 early-middle term patients accept termination of pregnancy, and in 25 middle-late term patients, 3 had full-term natural labor, 4 underwent full-term cesarean section, 5 had premature labor, and 13 continued the pregnacy. Sixteen neonatus (including 4 given at the other hospitals) had normal results of physical examination without any deformity, in whom 5 had low body weight (body weight less than 2500 g), with negative results of tuberculin test and the result of 3-moth follow-up was normal. Three months after the anti-tuberculosis treatment, the lesion was obviously absorbed in 25 patients and in 23 patients within half of a year. No patients had hospital infection. ConclusionNursing care of pregnant patients with tuberculosis should strengthen the guidance on the patients health education, improve their compliance and self-protection knowledge. Also should strengthen the basic level medical personnel training and improve the ability of early diagnosis of tuberculosis and early treatment to reduce maternal mortality.
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of interstitial pneumonia patients with positive anti-signal recognition particle antibody (SRP-IP), and compare those with interstitial pneumonia patients with positive anti-Jo-1 antibody (Jo1-IP). Methods Clinical data of SRP-IP patients admitted to Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School from May 2017 to May 2021, including clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, pulmonary function tests and radiographic types, were retrospectively analyzed. The results were compared with those of Jo1-IP patients admitted during the same period. Results The SRP-IP patients were older than Jo1-IP patients (P=0.044). There were no significant differences in clinical manifestations or pulmonary function tests results between the two groups. The proportion of SRP-IP patients combined with positive anti-EJ antibody (P<0.001) or perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P=0.028) was significantly higher than that of Jo1-IP patients, while the proportion of SRP-IP patients combined positive anti-Ro-52 antibody was significantly lower than that of Jo1-IP patients (P=0.009). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of SRP-IP patients was faster than that of Jo1-IP patients (P=0.026). The serum IgM level (P=0.039) and peripheral NK cell counts (P=0.013) of SRP-IP patients were significantly lower than those of Jo1-IP patients. The most common chest CT findings in SRP-IP patients were organizing pneumonia and the proportion of usual interstitial pneumonia in SRP-IP patients was higher than that of Jo1-IP patients (P=0.032). The levels of creatine kinase (P=0.010), creatine kinase myocardial brand (P=0.025) and alanine aminotransferase (P=0.045) in interstitial pneumonia patients with high titer (++~+++) SRP antibody were higher than those in interstitial pneumonia patients with low titer (+) SRP antibody. SRP-IP and Jo1-IP patients were mainly treated with glucocorticoids combined with or without immunosuppressants, and there was no significant difference in the choice of treatment between the two groups. The proportion of patients with Jo1-IP evaluated as improved was significantly higher than that of patients with SRP-IP (p=0.005), while the proportion of patients with SRP-IP evaluated as stable was significantly higher than that of patients with Jo1-IP (P=0.035). The mortality of SRP-IP patients within 3 months was significantly higher than that of Jo1-IP patients (P=0.028). Conclusion Compared with Jo1-IP patients, SRP-IP patients are older, have faster ESR, are more likely to be combined with other autoantibodies, have lower serum IgM level and peripheral blood NK cell count, have more UIP imaging manifestations, and have a worse short-term prognosis.
目的:总结汶川大地震期间合并有多发伤的脊柱骨折的临床特点和治疗经验。方法:回顾分析汶川大地震期间四川大学华西医院收治的281例脊柱骨折,其中223例合并有多发伤,分析其临床特点和治疗方式。结果:223例合并多发伤的脊柱骨折中单纯椎体骨折138例,单纯附件损伤37例,椎体+附件骨折48例;平均年龄43.45±14.05岁;椎体分布以下胸段和腰段为主,胸腰段占60%左右;致伤原因中砸伤占82.1%;脊柱手术治疗35例,占需手术治疗的27.8%;合并伤共267例次;严重并发症127例次;合并脊髓或马尾神经损伤101例,占45.3%,有15例在搬运中发生脊髓损伤。结论:汶川大地震发生在山区,地震烈度高,伤员多为复合伤,存在严重的并发症,受累椎体多,治疗的重点首先放在处理开放伤、感染、并发症上,影响了脊柱骨折的治疗;早期救援时正确施救才能有效防范继发性脊髓损伤。
ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical characteristics of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 67 patients (elderly group) with liver cirrhosis aged ≥60 treated between January 1998 and December 2010. Then, we compared these cases with another 72 liver cirrhosis patients (non-elderly group) aged<60. ResultsThe incidence of jaundice, ascites and albumin deficiency in the elderly patients was significantly higher than that in the non-elderly patients (P<0.05). Complications in the elderly group were relatively more, including electrolyte imbalance, infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, liver cancer, liver and kidney syndrome and liver and lung syndrome, and the incidence of these complications was all significantly higher than the non-elderly group (P<0.05) except the liver and kidney syndrome (P>0.05). The causes of liver cirrhosis in both groups were similar. The most common cause was hepatitis B virus infection, followed by chronic alcoholism, but in the elderly group, chronic alcoholism, cholestasis, poisoning from medicines and poisons and liver blood circulation disorders were more common than the non-elderly group (P<0.05); hepatitis B and non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis were more common in the non-elderly group than in the elderly group (P<0.05). The elderly group had more Child-Pugh class C cases (P<0.05), while there were more class A cases in the non-elderly group (P<0.05). Twenty-six patients died in the elderly group with a mortality rate of 38.8%; while only 13 died in the non-elderly group with a mortality rate of 18.1%. The difference of mortality rate was significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Common causes of death in the elderly group were infection, hepatic encephalopathy, and electrolyte disorders and gastrointestinal bleeding, while the common causes of death in the non-elderly group were gastrointestinal bleeding and electrolyte disorders. ConclusionThe etiology, clinical manifestations and prognosis of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients differ from those in younger patients. We must pay more attention on treating complications of liver cirrhosis in elderly patients.
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristic, operation time, and methods of elderly calculous cholecystitis. MethodsThe data of 386 cases of elderly calculous cholecystitis in our hospital from January 2008 to April 2014 were retrospectivly analyzed. ResultsIn 386 patients, 234 cases were chronic cholecystitis, 152 cases were acute calculous cholecystitis; there were preoperative complications in 174 cases (45.08%); 234 cases of chronic calculous cholecystitis patients underwent elective operation, 35 cases in 152 cases of acute phase underwent operation at 72 h, the remaining 117 cases underwent operation in within 2 weeks of onset. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were in 283 cases, including transfer laparotomy operation in 8 cases; underwent conventional open cholecystectomy in 103 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 49 cases, the complication rate was 12.69%, including incision infection, pulmonary infection, acute urinary retention, urinary tract infection, biliary fistula and so on. Three hundreds and eighty-four cases were cured, 2 cases died, for cholecystolithiasis complicated with severe acute cholangitis, died from multi organ failure in 3 days after operation. ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics of elderly calculous cholecystitis is unique. To strictly grasp the operation indication, selection of operation time, take individual operation method with the disease, and strengthen treatment of perioperative period are the key to improve the cure rate and the operation success rate of elderly cholecystitis.
ObjectiveAnalyze the clinical features of epilepsy induced by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) to improve diagnosis and treatment level of this disease, and improve the prognosis. MethodsThe clinical data of 54 patients with epilepsy induced by TSC from May, 2012 to May, 2015 were analyzed together with the physical data, clinical presentations, EEG, imaging findings, treatment, prognosis and follow-up. Summarizing the clinical features of epilepsy induced by TSC. ResultsPatients with different epilepsy onset age, whether or not combined spasm, differences in intelligence status were statistically significant (P < 0.05); Patients with different gender, skin lesions, types of seizures, differences in intelligence status were no statistical significance (P > 0.05); Patients with different gender, epilepsy onset age, differences in patients with spasm were statistically significant (P < 0.05); Patients with different family history, skin lesions, types of seizures, differences in patients with spasm were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Patients with different intelligence status, difference of medication quantity was statistically significant (P < 0.05); Patients with different gender, onset age, family history, skin lesions, whether or not combined spasm, types of seizures, difference of medication quantity was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). ConclusionsEpilepsy is the most common neurological manifestations in TSC, mostly onset in early childhood. Seizure types are different from one to another. Patients can be combined with skin damage and mental retardation. Positive rate of EEG and head imaging examination are high, seizure control rate is low. Patients need long-term follow-up and timely adjustment of treatment. Intelligence status is related to epilepsy onset age, spasm. Patients with spasm are related to different gender, epilepsy onset age. Medication quantity is related to intelligence status.
目的总结残胃癌的临床特点、治疗及预后情况。 方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院科室2003年1月至2008年1月期间收治的60例残胃癌患者的临床资料。 结果60例残胃癌发生于远端胃大部分切除＋BillrothⅡ式重建后48例（80.0%），发生于远端胃大部分切除＋BillrothⅠ式重建后9例（15.0%），发生于近端胃大部分切除术后3例（5.0%）。42例患者行根治性切除，其术后1、3及5年生存率分别为90.5%、57.1%及13.3%；18例行姑息性手术治疗，其术后1、3及5年生存率分别为16.7%、0及0。根治组患者的中位生存时间为36.7个月，姑息组为7.2个月，根治组的生存情况较好（χ2=76.98，P＜0.001）。 结论残胃癌不易早期诊断，对于高发人群需定期复查胃镜，积极的外科治疗可以提高患者的生存率及生活质量。
目的:探讨原发性小肠肿瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法, 提高对原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断水平及鉴别能力,降低误诊率。方法:对我院 1993~2008 年收治的 59 例原发性小肠肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果:小肠肿瘤起病隐匿,缺乏特异症状,临床表现有腹痛、贫血、消瘦、便血、肠梗阻及发热等,术前经行内窥镜、X 线、B 超及 CT 等检查,术前确诊仅有 11 例,误诊率达 81.36 %。十二指肠 18 例(30.51 %),空肠 13 例(22.03 %),回肠 29 例(49.15 %)。59 例均经手术证实诊断,其中良性肿瘤 14 例(23.73 %),恶性肿瘤 45 例(76.27 %), 腺癌发病率最高 22 例(37.29 %)。良性肿瘤行了局部肠壁或肠段切除,恶性肿瘤 19 例进行根治性切除,其他行姑息切除或改道。本组病例中无围手术期死亡病例。45 例恶性肿瘤病例中, 25 例患者术后进行了2~6 次不等的辅助化疗并获得随访 6 个月至 5 年,39 例死亡,存活 5 年以上 6 例。结论:原发性小肠肿瘤恶性率高,临床上往往缺乏特征性表现,目前临床上没有有效的诊断手段和方法,误诊率较高,预后差。因此,临床医师对本病的警惕性是诊断此病的关键所在。对反复腹痛、消瘦、腹部包块、肠梗阻、不明原因消化道出血等临床表现患者应高度怀疑小肠肿瘤,及早剖腹探查,改善预后。
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical feature, prognosis and prognostic factors of early post-traumatic seizures in children. MethodsRetrospective review was performed on 101 individuals with early post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) who were diagnosed in Department of Neurosurgery in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2008 to June 2013. The record was collected, which included patient's demographics, clinical and radiological presentation, management, and follow-up results of 12 months. The individuals were divided into late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) group and control group according to the occurrence of LPTS or not. The SAS 9.2 was used for statistical analysis. ResultsDuring 101 cases in our study, male accounted for 60.4%, female accounted for 39.6%, and the ratio was 1.5 to 1. The percentage of patients who were under 6 years old was 74.3%, and the number of cases decreased with age. The peak time of EPTS was within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. 55.4% of EPTS was the generalized seizures, 34.7% was the partial seizures, and 9.9% was the partial seizures and evolved to secondarily generalized seizures. The incidence of LPTS observed in our study was 26.7% within 12 months follow-up. The electroencephalogram displayed epileptiform discharges in 3 individuals who were without epileptic seizures. There was statistically significant difference in group LPTS compared to control group on these factors which included GSC score≤8(P=0.0064), complicated necrencephalus and/or encephalatrophy(P < 0.0001), multiple brain injuries(P=0.0210), subdural hemorrhage(P=0.0151) and intracranial operation(P=0.0029). The age, history, epileptic seizure type of EPTS, brain contusion, skull fracture and the early use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) had no statistically significant difference between LPTS group and control group(P > 0.05). ConclusionsEPTS is prone to occur in children under 6 years old. Male is obviously more than female, and the ratio is 1.5:1. The peak time of EPTS is within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury and most of EPTS are generalized seizures. The incidence of LPTS in children with EPTS exceeds those previously reported. Periodical electroencephalogram examination is essential to decrease the missed diagnosis of LPTS. The GSC score≤8 and complicated necrencephalus and/or encephalatrophy will dramaticlly increase the risk of LPTS. Multiple brain injuries, subdural hemorrhage and intracranial operation are also risk factors for the prognosis of EPTS. Although the use of AEDs is unable to decrease the incidence of LPTS after 12 months follow-up, it is probably beneficial to improving the cognition and brain development. The controversial finding in our study is whether intracranial operation can influence the prognosis of EPTS or not.