Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
Objective To understand role of chemokines and their receptors in pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer, and to provide a better approach for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Method The literatures about the relationship between chemokines and their receptors and gastric cancer were reviewed. Results There were about 50 various chemokines and their receptors abnormally expressed in the tumor microenvironment. The main types related gastric cancer were the CXC, CC and CX3C chemokines and their receptors, which could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the gastric cancer through several pathways like mTOR pathway, JAK2-STAT3 pathway, etc.. Conclusions Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Further studies on chemokines and their receptors will not only assist in early diagnosis of gastric cancer, as well as estimation of clinical prognosis, but also provide an intervention target for gastric cancer.
目的:探讨川南高氟地区人群雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ和XbaⅠ核酸限制性内切酶多态性与膝骨性关节炎的相关性。方法:对川南高氟地区41例膝骨性关节炎患者及40例对照组,用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)的方法鉴定雌激素受体的基因型,分析雌激素受体基因多态性与膝骨性关节炎的关系及各基因型在病例组与对照组的分布。结果:41例病例组与40例对照组X基因型及P基因型频率分布差异无显著性(Pgt;0.05)。结论:川南高氟地区人群ER基因多态性与OA无明确相关性。
Objective To investigate the expression of RNP（alpha defensins） in guinea pigs with bronchial asthma and the influences of P2Y2 receptors on the expression. Methods Seventy-two adult male guinea pigs were randomly divided into a control group （group A） and an asthma group （group B）. The asthma model was established by sensitizing with ovalbumin injection intraperitoneally and challenging with ovalbumin inhalation. Then the A and B groups were divided into following subgroups,ie,the saline groups （A1/B1），ATP groups （A2/B2），and Suramin groups （A3/B3），in which the animals were intervented with saline，ATP，and suramin respectively. Total pulmonary resistance （RL） was measured.Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were measured. Pathological changes of lung were observed under light microscope using HE staining. The plasma levels of RNP and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. The protein and mRNA expressions of RNP and P2Y2 were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results The RL increased significantly as much as 10% in group B compared with group A. Pathological study revealed that luminal narrowing of bronchus and inflammatory cells infiltration in the asthma group. The total cell and polymorphonuclear neutrophil （PMN） counts in BALF in group B1 were significantly higher than group A1 and B3，but lower than group B2 （Plt;0.05）,but no significant difference among group A1，A2，or A3 was found. The RNP expression in plasma and lung tissue in group B1 was higher than group A1 and B3，but lower than group B2 （Plt;0.05）. The RNP expression in plasma and lung tissue was lower in group A1 than group A2，but higher than group A3（Plt;0.05）. The IL-8 expression in plasma in group B1 was significantly higher than group A and B3，but lower than group B2 （Plt;0.05） but no significant difference among group A1，A2，or A3 was found（Pgt;0.05）. RNP protein expressed predominantly in lung tissues，especially where the PMN infiltrated. The expression of RNP mRNA were consistent with the RNP protein expression in all groups. P2Y2 mRNA expression in group A1 was lower than group A2，and higher than group A3 （Plt;0.05）.P2Y2 mRNA expression in group B1 was lower than group B2 but higher than group B3 （Plt;0.05）. The linear correlation analysis showed that RNP had no significant correlation with PMN and IL-8 in group A，and was positively correlated with P2Y2 mRNA （Plt;0.05） while RNP was positively correlated with PMN，IL-8，and P2Y2 mRNA in group B. Conclusion RNP expression increases in bronchial asthma guinea pigs and may be related to P2Y2 receptors.
Objective To study the relationships between expressions of somatostatin receptor subtypes（SSTR1-SSTR5） and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. Methods The expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5, VEGF, and CD34 in the paraffin sections of colorectal cancer tissues from 127 cases were detected by the standard streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) technique. CD34 was used as a marker to account microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal cancer tissues. The relationships between the expressions of SSTR1-SSTR5 and VEGF expression, or MVD were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 was 64.6% （82/127）, 36.2% （46/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, 18.9% （24/127）, and 38.6% （49/127） in colorectal cancer tissues, meanwhile, the positive expression rate of VEGF was 63.8% （81/127） and MVD was (34.67±16.62)/HP in colorectal cancer tissues. The positive expression rate of VEGF (47.8%， 22/46) and MVD 〔(29.00±15.32)/HP〕 in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 positive expression were significantly lower than those in colorectal cancer tissues with SSTR2 negative expression 〔72.8%， 59/81； (37.90±16.56)/HP〕, Plt;0.05. There were no relationships between SSTR1, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5 expression and VEGF expression or MVD （Pgt;0.05）. Conclusion The positive expression of SSTR2 is related with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer tissues.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. The efficacy of TKIs and prognosis of EGFR-mutated patients with compound EGFR mutation, oncogene mutation, suppresser gene mutation or other diver gene mutation are worse than those of patients with a single EGFR mutation. This article makes a review of related clinical researches aiming to provide references for clinical scenarios. To sum up, molecular alterations and clinical features should be correlated as accurately and dynamically as possible in the diagnostic and therapeutic process, and combined therapeutic strategies should be chosen flexibly and reasonably to improve patients’ survival and prognosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of kinase insert domain containing receptor (KDR) positive cells in the formation of cardiospheric structure, myocardium and vessels.MethodsTwenty-four Wistar rats weighting 250 g were selected. Cardiosphere-derived cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of rat hearts, and their immunological phenotypes were analyzed by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The cardiomyogenic and vasculogenic potential was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsKDR positive cells grew exponentially and formed cell clusters. It also could generate myocardial precursor cells (cardiac troponin T positive). And these cells can develop spontaneous contraction activity in vitro. Meanwhile, KDR positive cells formed many vessel-like structures through a budding process.ConclusionKDR positive cells form cardiospheric structure in vitro culture, and exhibit differentiation potential towards the cardiac and vascular cells. Therefore, KDR positive cells may have a broad prospect of clinical application as cell donors.
Obesity is closely related to thyroid function. The concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in obese patients is higher than that in the general population, and TSH will decrease accordingly after weight loss. Leptin is a bridge linking obesity and thyroid hormones, which can affect the release of TSH. There are many kinds of weight-reducing drugs that target the thyroid gland. Among them, thyroid hormone receptor-specific agonists may be potential drugs for future obesity treatment, but further studies are still needed.
In order to study the expression change of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor genes in different generations of tendon cell in culture, Dig-labeled synthesized oligonucleotide probes were used to detect the mRNA expression in primary, 6th and 13th generation of tendon cell. The results showed that IGF-1 receptor mRNA was expressed in all of the 3 above generation tendon cells. IGF-1 mRNA was expressed only in primary and 6th generation cells. Tendon cell of 13th generation did not express IGF-1 mRNA. It might suggest that the absence of IGF-1 mRNA expression be one of the causes which led to the decrease of reproductive ability of 13th generation tendon cell.