During the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been controversy over whether emergency surgical management should be performed or not in the patients with COVID-19. Stanford type A aortic dissection is a very urgent life-threatening disease, and guidelines recommend surgical treatment for patients with type A aortic dissection in the first instance. However, intraoperative extracorporeal circulation can be fatal to patients recovering from COVID-19. During the pandemic, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has played an important role in supporting COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure. This article reports a successful V-V ECMO treatment for a Stanford type A aortic dissection patient, who suffered respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 after emergency surgery.
Objective To explore the prognostic value of early lactate clearance rate in patients with respiratory failure.Methods 117 patients with respiratory failure and elevated blood lactate, admitted into respiratory intensive care unit( RICU) between January 2010 and December 2011, were retrospectively analyzed. Arterial lactate and arterial blood gas were measured before and 12h, 24h, 48h, and 72h after treatment. Then12h lactate clearance rate was calculated. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ( APACHEⅡ) score was evaluated before and after 12h treatment. The mortality were compared between subgroups with different lactate normalization time( lt;24 h, 24 ～48 h, 48 ～72 h, and gt;72h, respectively) . The clinical data was compared between subgroups with different prognosis ( survival or non-survival ) and between subgroups with different lactate clearance rate( ≥10% as high lactate clearance rate, lt;10% as low lactate clearance rate) . Results The mortality of the patients with lactate normalization time in less 24 hours was significantly lower than that of the patients with lactate normalization time more than 72 hours ( 5. 3% vs. 89. 2% , P lt; 0. 001) . The 12 hour lactate clearance rate of the survival group was significantly higher than that of the non-survival group [ ( 43. 6 ±26. 8) % vs. ( 12. 3 ±39. 1) % , P lt;0. 01] . The mortality of the patients with high lactate clearance rate was significantly lower than that of the patients with lowlactate clearance rate( 25. 8% vs. 71. 4% , P lt;0. 01) . Conclusion Early lactate clearance rate can be used as a marker for prognosis of patients with respiratory failure.
目的 提高临床医生对甲状腺功能减退症（甲减）并发急性呼吸衰竭的认识，减少误诊，提高救治率。方法 对2002年11月－2011年6月收治的6例甲减并发急性呼吸衰竭患者予以有创机械通气及早期使用左旋甲状腺素治疗，使病症得以控制和治愈。 结果 患者使用有创机械通气治疗平均7 d，住院治疗14～43 d，平均（28.6 ±14.4）d， 5例治愈，1例死亡。 结论 甲减并发呼吸衰竭早期使用机械通气及甲状腺激素替代治疗可提高抢救成功率。
Objective To identify the clinical features and risk factors for mortality associated with severe influenza B pneumonia of adults admitted to respiratory intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Patients with confirmed influenza B infection and respiratory failure between February 2020 and February 2022 who were admitted to the ICU were sequentially included. Demographic features, clinical data, microbiological data, complications, and outcomes were collected. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with hospital mortality. A comparison with severe influenza A pneumonia was made to explore the characteristics of influenza B virus-associated pneumonia. Results A total of 23 patients with influenza B pneumonia were included. The survival group included 18 patients and the death group included 5 patients, with an ICU mortality of 21.7%. The median age in the death group was 64 (64, 72.5) years, which was significantly older than the survival group, with a median age 59 (30.25, 64.25) years (P=0.030). Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that SOFA score [odds ratio (OR) 1.307, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.013 - 1.686, P=0.039], decreased hemoglobin (OR 0.845, 95%CI 0.715 - 0.997, P=0.046), and high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (OR 1.432, 95%CI 1.044 - 1.963, P=0.026) were independent risk factors for hospital mortality. Compared with influenza A pneumonia, patients with severe influenza B pneumonia had more complications (60.0% vs. 87.0%, P=0.023). Conclusions The mortality of severe influenza B virus-associated pneumonia with was high. Increased SOFA score, anemia, and high BUN were risk factors for ICU mortality of severe influenza B infection in adults.
Objective To explore the effect of respiratory training based on mechanical vibration-assisted sputum expulsion on arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary type 2 respiratory failure and clinical efficacy observation. Methods 105 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with type 2 respiratory failure who were hospitalized in our hospital from November 2019 to February 2023 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly numbered and divided into experimental and control groups according to the order of admission, and 3 patients withdrew from the study cohort due to their own reasons, and 51 cases each of the experimental and control groups were finally included. Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment and lung function exercise, while the experimental group was given respiratory training with mechanical vibration-assisted sputum expulsion. Lung function and blood gas analysis indexes were measured before and 2 weeks after treatment to evaluate the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse events in the two groups. Results After the treatment, pulmonary function indexes such as PEF, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, and blood gas analysis indexes such as PaO2, PaCO2 of the experimental group and daily sputum excretion improved significantly compared with those of the pre-treatment and control groups (P<0.05). The total clinical efficacy rate of the patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the incidence of adverse events was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Respiratory training based on mechanical vibration-assisted sputum expectoration can help improve the lung function and blood gas level of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease combined with type 2 respiratory failure, and it has a certain clinical value in promoting the rehabilitation and prognosis of patients.