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Development of Operative Technique and Clinical Effect about Lung Volume Reduction Surgery

Lung volume reduction surgery （LVRS） has been applied generally since it was redeveloped and lucubrated. A recent large, multicenter trial showed LVRS can improve lung function, exercise capacity, quality of life, and even survival in certain highly selected patients. LVRS has been developed as an effective therapy for severe emphysema, which offers a new approach for the victims of emphysema. The development of operative technique and clinical effect about LVRS are reviewed in this article.

肺曲菌病的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结肺曲菌病的诊断和外科治疗经验。 方法 57例肺曲菌病患者中17例（29.8%）术前已明确诊断，21例（36.8%）于术前误诊为肺结核、肺部占位病变、肺囊肿和肺脓肿等，19例（33.3%）术前漏诊。行肺叶切除术27例，肺段或肺楔形切除术18例；在电视胸腔镜辅助下行肺段或局部病变切除术5例，电视胸腔镜辅助下小切口肺楔形切除或局部病变切除术7例。 结果 无住院死亡。术后出现包裹性液气胸4例，胸腔积液、积气2例，切口感染1例，肺部感染3例，均经3~7d的相应处理治愈。术后积极治疗肺部基础疾病，同时均给予氟康唑400mg/d，治疗4~8周。所有患者均得到随访，随访时间6个月~12年，肺曲菌病未复发，患者生活质量良好。 结论 肺曲菌病误诊、漏诊率高，术前应加强对肺曲菌病的认识，认真检查诊断；手术切除病变是治疗肺曲菌病的有效方法。

49例原发性肺肉瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的 总结原发性肺肉瘤的外科治疗经验,提高诊治水平. 方法 手术治疗49例中肺叶切除或袖式肺叶切除32例,全肺切除11例,局部切除3例,手术探查3例.病理类型:恶性纤维组织细胞瘤13例,纤维肉瘤9例,癌肉瘤9例,恶性血管外皮细胞瘤7例,肺胚瘤5例,平滑肌肉瘤4例,恶性间皮细胞瘤和非何杰金氏淋巴瘤各1例. 结果 手术死亡2例,全组生存期中位数为19个月,3年生存率19%,5年生存率12%;2年死亡率67%.结论原发性肺肉瘤是少见的肺内恶性肿瘤,易误诊,预后差.外科治疗为首选治疗方式.其预后与肿瘤大小,外侵程度及是否有淋巴结转移有关.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Incarcerated Paraesophageal Hernia

目的 探讨嵌顿性食管旁疝的诊断和外科治疗。方法 对我院手术治疗的4例嵌顿性食管旁疝患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 2例急诊剖腹探查确诊，2例经胸部X线平片和CT检查确诊； 4例均行经腹Hill胃背侧固定术，术后均无并发症，无疝复发。结论 胸部X线平片及CT检查是诊断本病的主要手段； 一旦获得诊断或高度怀疑，应及早手术治疗； 经腹Hill胃背侧固定术式简单、可靠、复发率低，适合基层医院医生掌握。

LONG-TERM RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS

To evaluate the present status of treatment of chronic pancreatitis, 116 consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis during the last decade (1986～1996) have been surveyed retrospectively. The clinical date has been analized statisticaly. Etiology: biliogenic 56 cases (48.3%), alcoholic 17 (14.6%), idiopathic 34 (29.3%) and other 9 cases (7.8%). Better result was achieved in surgical treatment group (81 cases) than in conservative group (35 cases), pain free: 65.5% vs 33.3%. The accumulated five-year survival rate was 56.3%, 92.2% and 78.1% in alcoholic, billiogenic and idiopathic type of chronic pancreatitis respectively. Morbidity and mortality of diarrhea and diabetes mellitus increased at followup. The authors conclude that the chronic pancreatitis patients associated with obstruction of biliopancreatic duct should undergo operation early and will ameliorate abdominal pain.

Impact of discontinuation of clopidogrel and aspirin before off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative volume of drainage

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of different discontinuation time of clopidogrel and aspirin before off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on postoperative volume of drainage and blood products imported.MethodsA total of 454 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2017 through December 2019 were included. According to the preoperative discontinuation of clopidogrel and aspirin, all the 454 patients were divided into three groups including a guide group, a non-stop group and a stop group. There were 86 patients in the guide group including 59 males and 27 females with an average age of 64.12±6.15 years. They continued to take aspirin 100 mg/d before operation, but stopped clopidogrel for more than 5 days. In the non-stop group, there were 234 patients including 141 males and 93 females with an average age of 63.71±7.01 years. They continued to take aspirin 100 mg/d before operation, and stopped clopidogrel <5 days. In the stop group, there were 134 patients including 76 males and 58 females with an average age of 62.90±7.78 years. They stopped aspirin and clopidogrel for more than 5 days before operation. The clinical effectiveness was compared among the three groups.ResultsNo perioperative death occurred in all patients. There was no statistical difference in platelet count, coagulation function, liver function, renal function, or myocardial markers among the groups (P>0.05). The hemoglobin [97 (15) g/ L vs. 98 (21) g/L vs. 100 (20) g/ L, F=4.894, P=0.008] in the non-stop group was lower than that in the guide group and the non-stop group at 30 minutes postoperatively. The flow volume (399.87±127.19 mL vs. 367.05±125.89 mL vs. 349.63±130.68 mL, F=7.770, P=0.000) in the non-stop group at 3 hours postoperatively, the flow volume [600 (300) mL vs. 580 (245) mL vs. 550 (350) mL, Z=8.218, P=0.016] in the non-stop group at 6 hours postoperatively, the flow volume [750 (370) mL vs. 730 (350) mL vs. 730 (350) mL, Z=8.329, P=0.016] in the non-stop group at 12 hours postoperatively, the flow volume [890 (365) mL vs. 850 (340) mL vs. 850 (350) mL vs. Z=6.585, P=0.037] in the non-stop group at 24 hours postoperatively and the flow volume [950 (375) mL vs. 940 (360) mL vs. 940 (380) mL, Z=8.680, P=0.013] in the non-stop group at 48 hours postoperatively were more than those of the guide group and the stop group. The retention time of drainage tube was longer in the non-stop group [3 (1) d vs. 3 (1) d vs. 3 (1) d, Z=6.579, P=0.037] than in the guide group and the non-stop group. The amount of suspended erythrocytes input [0 (2) U vs. 0 (2) U vs. 0 (0) U, Z=6.150, P=0.046], and the amount of plasma input [200 (200) mL vs. 0 (200) mL vs. 0 (200) mL, F=4.144, P=0.016], the number of cases of plasma input (119 patients vs. 34 patients vs. 47 patients, Z=10.116, P=0.006) were more than those of the guide group and the stop group.ConclusionAspirin maintenance is recommended for patients before off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. If not necessary, clopidogrel is discontinued for at least 5 days.

Surgical Treatment of Giant Cavernous Hemangioma from Caudate Lobe of Liver

【摘要】　目的　探讨治疗肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤的外科手术方法。方法　通过1 例肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤外科手术治疗体会并结合文献复习,分析肝尾状叶解剖及影像学特点,探讨外科手术方法。结果　肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤因肝尾状叶特殊的解剖特点,安全并有效的肝全尾叶血管瘤切除是治疗这类疾病的有效治疗方法。结论　选择合适的手术径路是关键,熟练并精细地解剖、默契的手术配合可以安全切除肝尾状叶巨大海绵状血管瘤。

Surgical Treatment of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (Report of 8 Cases)

目的总结黑斑息肉综合征的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析我院 1986～2002年期间收治的8例黑斑息肉综合征患者的临床资料。结果8例中行部分小肠切除（其余段小肠多处切开，切除息肉）5例； 胃大部切除术2例； 右半结肠切除术1例。本组1例肠套叠致肠坏死急诊行肠切除，术后2年，因小肠息肉引起肠套叠致肠坏死，再次手术切除坏死肠段； 1例术后内镜随访中发现直肠息肉，给予内镜下电灼切除； 其余6例未见复发。结论黑斑息肉综合征手术主要是针对胃肠道息肉的治疗，解除临床症状； 并注意把握手术时机，严格遵循手术适应证，并加强术后的随访。

THE HISTORY，PRESENT AND PROSPECT OF THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PRIMARY LIVER CANCER IN CHINA

完全性房室隔缺损的外科治疗

目的 总结完全性房室隔缺损的手术方法和临床经验，以提高手术疗效。方法 27例完全性房室隔缺损患者，年龄88天～24岁。合并右心室双出口、肺动脉瓣狭窄和镜像右位心1例，动脉导管未闭1例，继发孔型房间隔缺损1例，左上腔静脉残留2例，重度肺动脉高压13例，中度肺动脉高压14例。手术均采用双补片法修补，室间隔缺损采用Gore-Tex补片修补，房间隔缺损采用自体心包补片修补。结果 术后早期死亡2例，其中1例死于脑出血，1例死于右侧心力衰竭。所有患者术后均为窦性心律，无完全性房室传导阻滞。随访23例，随访时间2个月～10年，均为窦性心律，无死亡。复查心脏彩色超声心动图提示：二尖瓣轻度反流6例，中度反流2例，心功能均较术前增强。结论 完全性房室隔缺损患者早期行手术治疗，防止肺血管阻塞性病变的发生、发展，术中注意防止左心室流出道狭窄，矫治二尖瓣反流是提高手术疗效的关键。