众所周知，机体存在免疫监视和抗肿瘤免疫功能，是防止肿瘤发生、发展的天然屏障，乳腺癌的发生说明机体免疫系统的监视作用已经失效，乳腺癌的发展提示机体自身的抗肿瘤免疫已不足以阻止肿瘤的生长，这一事实提示人们，在机体发生恶性肿瘤时，自身的防御机能减弱或受到抑制。因此，临床工作者一直不懈努力，探索各种用免疫学原理和技术治疗乳腺癌的方法，以提高临床治疗效果。随着科学技术的发展和进步，有关乳腺癌免疫治疗的基础和临床应用研究发展很快，成为基础研究和临床结合紧密的成功范例之一。各种新的理论、新的技术不断涌现，最新的实验研究成果快速引入临床实践，在很多方面已有明显的突破。目前，乳腺癌的免疫治疗已成为继手术治疗、放射治疗、化疗和内分泌治疗以外的新的有效治疗手段，并将随着研究的深入而起到越来越重要的作用。
Objective To investigate the effect of steroid receptor coactivator family in initiation, development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The literatures in recent years which have related to the effect of steroid receptor coactivators in breast cancer are reviewed. Results Steroid receptor coactivators are essential for several kinds of steroid hormones binding to steroid receptors, so they are important accessory factors that induce the initiation, development and recurrence of breast cancer, and predictive factors that estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression and signaling pathway of steroid receptor coactivators may be effective for breast cancer prevention and treatment.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the changes of myoepithelial cells in mammary atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. MethodsSP immunohistochemistry was used to detect actin expression in normal breast tissue, grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. Electromicroscopy was used to observe the changes of ultrastructure of myoepithelial cells. Results Actin was only detected in myoepithelial cells of normal breast tissue and grade Ⅰand Ⅱ atypical hyperplasia. The positive expression rates of actin in grade Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia（70%） and breast cancer（90%） were significantly higher than that in grade Ⅱ atypical hyperplasia（10%），P＜0.01. In mammary atypical hyperplasia, the number of myoepithelial cells increased with disturbed alignment and abnormal ultrastructure. The changes included that the protrusions on the cell surface diminished, myofilaments and pinosomes in the myoepithelial cells of grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia decreased, and the irregularity of the nuclear morphosis and the increase of nuclear heterochromosome were found. ConclusionThe changes of actin expression in atypical hyperplasia are possibly correlated with carcinogenesis of breast cancer, and myoepithelial cells may play a role in carcinogenesis of breast cancer.