Traditional medical education is to develop uni-professionals,and is lacking of opportunities for interprofessional communication and interprofessional collaboration.The failure of communication and collaboration is an important cause of medical errors.Interprofessional education is a new strategy to remove professional prejudice,promote interprofessional collaborative competency and improve patients'outcomes.From September 2012,we began to provide Interprofessional Education Program for healthcare undergraduates,and achievements have already been made.
目的 采用已有的4种国际非孕弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）诊断评分标准对产科DIC的诊断进行评估，探索更适合产科DIC诊断的“金标准”。 方法 选择2009年6月－2012年6月期间产科拟诊DIC的孕产妇为研究对象，用日本卫生福利部（JMHW）提出的JMHW、日本危重病协会（JAAM）提出的JAAM、国际血栓与止血委员会（ISTH）提出的ISTH显性和ISTH非显性4种诊断评分标准联合诊断和构建“金标准”，以此评价4种诊断标准对产科DIC诊断的特性。 结果 受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示ISTH非显性标准、ISTH显性标准、JMHW、JAAM的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.939、0.865、0.867、0.867，ISTH非显性标准灵敏度和特异度与“金标准”在不同诊断界值时较一致，同时优于其他3种诊断标准。 结论 ISTH非显性标准较适合作为临床产科DIC诊断，其对产科这一特殊发病人群的DIC诊断具有更科学的临床诊断价值。
ObjectiveTo investigate the domestic and abroad hypertension-related clinical trial registration and to analyze the registration of hypertension-related clinical researches in China.MethodsUsing hypertension as the keyword, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) from January 2008 to December 2018. We analyzed the collected data on the distribution of registered clinical researches, annual trends, sample sizes, trial progress, research types, study designs, blind methods, clinical stages, the number of participating institutions, the leading institutions, etc.ResultsThe total number of registered hypertension-related clinical trails was 4 991 all over the world, and 551 items were conducted in China. Most of the sample sizes of Chinese hypertension-related clinical trials were 100 to 999. The main types of trials were interventional studies (393 items, 71.32%), followed by observational studies (126 items, 22.87%). Randomized parallel control studies (300 items, 76.34%) were the key component of interventional studies, while cohort studies (61 items, 48.41%) were the chief component of observational studies. The main stages of clinical trials were stage Ⅲ (80 items) and stage Ⅳ (122 items). There were 369 domestic single-center clinical trials (66.97%), 89 domestic multi-center clinical trials (16.15%), and 93 international multi-center clinical trials (16.88%). Among the 93 international multi-center trials of hypertension, only 25 were led by China.ConclusionsThe number of Chinese hypertension-related clinical trial registrations increased year by year and then decreased slightly, but the amount of registrations is limited. The quantity and scale of multicenter clinical studies were not as good as America. China should strengthen the awareness of clinical research registration, strengthen the publicity and supervision of the registration of clinical researches by the department of science and management, improve the number of clinical trial registrations, make Chinese clinical researches more transparent, and strive to lead more international multi-center clinical trials.
Objective To systematically review the rate of sleep deprivation in children and adolescents in China from 2004 to 2019. Methods PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the sleep deprivation rate of children and adolescents in China from inception to July 15th, 2021. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Stata 15.0 software. Results A total of 45 cross-sectional studies were included, with a total sample size of 769 918 participants, of whom 587 457 reported sleep deprivation. The results of meta-analysis showed that the sleep deprivation rate of Chinese children and adolescents was 61% (95%CI 55% to 68%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the sleep deprivation rates were 62% for female children and 59% for male children. The rate was 84% in junior high school, 80% in high school and 64% in primary school. The rates in south China, southwest China, northwest China, north China, east China and central China were 68%, 62%, 61%, 57%, 57% and 54%, respectively. The rate of sleep deficiency based on "health requirements for daily study time of primary and junior school students" was the highest at 74% (95% CI 70% to 79%). The cumulative meta-analysis by time showed that the sleep deprivation rate had gradually stabilized and approached 60% since 2011. Conclusion Current evidence shows that the sleep deprivation rate of Chinese children and adolescents is high. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), the major catechin found in green tea, in an optic nerve crush (ONC) rat model.Methods Seventytwo Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: normal control, shamoperation+EGCG, ONC+vehicle, and ONC+EGCG groups. Animals were treated intraperitoneally and orally with either vehicle (normal saline) or EGCG (25 mg/kg, injected daily for up to five days, and orally 2 mg/kg daily afterwards). Two days after the first injection, an ONC injury using a micro optic nerve clipper was performed at approximately 2 mm from the optic nerve head for 60 seconds. Fluorogold was injected into bilateral superior colliculi five days before sacrifice and fluorescent gold labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were counted under fluorescence microscopy on days seven, 14 and 28 after optic nerve crush. Meanwhile, the expression of neurofilament triplet L (NF-L) was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results In the ONC+vehicle group, a progressive loss of RGC was observed; however, compared with the ONC+vehicle group, RGC density was significantly higher on day seven (t=3.216, P=0.009), day 14(t=2.609, P=0.026) and day 28 (t=2.792, P=0.019) , and a significant increase of the NF-L protein expression has been observed on days seven, 14 and 28 after optic nerve crush in the ONC+EGCG group. Conclusions EGCG has a protective effect to the bodies and axons of the RGC after optic nerve crush.
This article reviews the current status and characteristics of disinfection technologies in the modern era, including physical, chemical, and integrated disinfection methods. It focuses on the latest research advances, advantages, and limitations of novel disinfection technologies, such as plasma-activated systems, photocatalytic oxidation, and synergistic chemical-physical or bio-chemical composite techniques. The study reveals that single disinfection methods often fail to meet the demands of complex environments, while integrated technologies demonstrate significant advantages in improving disinfection efficiency and environmental compatibility. However, challenges remain in terms of cost, standardization, and long-term safety. Future development of disinfection technologies should prioritize intelligent multi-technology integration, green and sustainable practices, targeted disinfection, personalized applications, and international standardization.