ObjectiveTo detect expressions of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) and microRNA-320a (miR-320a) in thyroid cancer and explore clinical significances of them in thyroid cancer.MethodsThe expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer were investigated by searching the Ualcan database. While the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in 80 cases of thyroid cancer, 35 cases of thyroid adenoma and 32 cases of normal thyroid tissues adjacent to thyroid adenoma tissues in the Zhengzhou Seventh People’s Hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 were tested. Real time PCR was used to detect the expressions of TRPC5 mRNA and miR-320a mRNA in the various tissues and Western blot was used to detect the TRPC5 protein in the thyroid cancer tissues. Therelationships between the expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNAs and clinicopathologic features of thyroid cancer were analyzed. The correlation between expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA was analyzed by Pearson method. The risk factors influencing the prognosis were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe results of Ualcan database showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA in the thyroid cancer was higher than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001), while the expression level of miR-320a mRNA was lower than that in the normal thyroid tissue (P<0.001). The results of clinical cases showed that the expression level of TRPC5 mRNA was significantly higher, while the expression of miR-320a mRNA was significantly lower in the thyroid cancer tissues as compared with the normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the expression level of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA in the thyroid cancer (r=−0.653, P<0.001). The expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA were correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis found that the patients with higher expression level of TRPC5 and lower expression level of miR-320a showed the poor prognosis, and multivariate analysis found that the lower tumor differentiation, later TNM stage, with lymph node metastasis, higher expression level of TRPC5 mRNA, and lower expression level of miR-320a mRNA were the risk factors affecting prognostic survival (P<0.05).ConclusionsFrom the database and clinical case data, it is concluded that TRPC5 mRNA is highly expressed, while miR-320a mRNA is lowly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues, and expressions of TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA are related to degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM staging, and prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer. TRPC5 and miR-320a mRNA might be used as potential indicators for clinical and prognostic monitoring.
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The outcome and management of lung cancer patients could be improved by early diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in signaling pathways regulating a variety of biological processes and play important roles in the development of carcinoma. Moreover, miRNAs can exist in the circulation in a remarkably stable form. All of these suggest miRNAs as new potentially clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. In this review, we aim to discuss diagnostic and prognostic value and potential clinical utility of miRNAs in serum.
Objective To introduce the characteristics of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA), focusing on its application in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and relationship with microRNA (miRNA), and prospect the application of tFNA in the treatment of OA and the new idea of constructing miR-tFNA functional complex to treat OA. Methods Recent studies were extensively reviewed to analyze the mechanism of tFNA and its relationship with OA and miRNA. Results tFNA, a new type of new carrier, can not only play an indirect role in the treatment of OA as a small molecular carrier with therapeutic effect, but also play a direct role through the regulation of chondrocytes. It can bind with the miRNA that can regulate OA. The therapeutic effect of constructing tFNA functional complex loaded with miRNA has been verified in various diseases, and tFNA has advantages compared with other vectors. Conclusion tFNA, a novel framework nucleic acid structure, plays an important role in the treatment of OA. Constructing miR-tFNA functional complex may be an innovative idea in the treatment of OA.
Objective To investigate the changes of microRNA-150 ( miR-150) in peripheral blood leukocytes in sepsis patients, and their relationship with expression of immune cytokines and sepsis severity. Methods The level of mature miR-150 was quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to that of control miRNA, U6, in peripheral blood leukocytes of 40 patients with sepsis, 20 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( SIRS) , and 20 normal individuals. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in all subjects. The sequential organ failure assessment ( SOFA) score systemwas used to evaluate the severity of sepsis. The relationships between miR-150 and the white blood cell count ( WBC) , TNF-α, IL-10 and SOFA score of the sepsis patients were analyzed. Results MiR-150 was stable for at least 5 days when specimen stored at 4 ℃ and the determination of miR-150 had a broad linear detecting range ( 6. 97-6. 97 ×104 pg/ μL RNA, the lowest detecting limit: 6. 97 pg/μL RNA,r=0.999) .MiR-150 expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes in the sepsis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group ( Plt;0.01) , while WBC, IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio were significantly higher ( Plt;0.05) . There was no significant difference in levels of miR-150, IL-10, IL-10/TNF-α ratio, and WBC between the sepsis group and the SIRS group (Pgt;0.05) . There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of TNF-α among three groups ( Pgt;0.05) . MiR-150 expression in non-survivor sepsis patients was significantly lower than that in survivor sepsis patients (Plt;0.05) , while serum IL-10 and IL-10/TNF-αratio were significantly higher (Plt;0.01) , but there was no significant difference in serum TNF-α between the non-survivor group and the survivor group ( Pgt;0.05) . There was significantly negative correlation between miR-150 and SOFA score, TNF-α and IL-10( r=-0. 619, - 0.457, -0. 431, Plt;0.05, respectively) , but no correlation between miR-150 and WBC ( r =-0. 184, Pgt;0.05) . There was no relationship between serum TNF-α, IL-10, IL-10 /TNF-α ratio or SOFA score ( Pgt;0.05) . Conclusions MiR-150 expression in the peripheral blood specimens is significantly decreased in sepsis patients. The expression level of miR-150 not only reflect the situation of inflammatory response, but also may be used as a prognostic marker in sepsis, as it can reflect the severity of sepsis in certain degree.
Objective To summarize the research progress of microRNA (miRNA) and its non-viral vector in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and to investigate the potential of non-viral vector delivery of miRNA in clinical application. Methods The related literature about the role of miRNA in IDD and its non-viral delivery system was reviewed and analyzed. Results MiRNA can regulate the related gene expression level and further participate in the pathophysiologic process in degenerated intervertebral disc, miRNA delivered by various non-viral vectors has obtained an ideal effect in some diseases. Conclusion MiRNA plays a great role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of IDD, as a safe and effective strategy for gene therapy, non-viral vector provides new possibilities for IDD treated with miRNA.
ObjectiveTo summarize the latest progress of microRNA (miRNA or miR) in colorectal cancer (CRC)-related signaling pathways in the past three years, and provide new ideas for miRNA-targeted intervention or miRNA as tumor molecular markers for early diagnosis of CRC. MethodThe literature on the roles of miRNA in the CRC-related signaling pathways was retrieved and reviewed. ResultsMiRNAs were associated with cancers in nearly all critical pathways, which regulated almost all important signaling pathways associated with CRC. At present, the signaling pathways and miRNAs related to CRC mainly included Wnt-β-catenin (miR-520e, miR-8063, miR-576-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-381, miR-411, miR-1205), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinaset-Akt (miR-19a, miR-493-5p, miR-3064-5p, mi-196b-5p, miR-3651), mitogen-activated protein kinase (miR-1288-3p, miR-3651, miR-152-3p), transforming growth factor-β (miR-183-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-581, miR-2911, miR-128-3p, let-7a), nuclear factor kappa B (miR-155, miR-129, miR-21), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (miR-198, miR-452, miR-128-3p, miR-495), Notch (miR-223, miR-10b, miR-449a), Hippo (miR-30a-5p, miR-375, miR-9), and Hedgehog (miR-372, miR-373), etc. signaling pathways. ConclusionsMiRNA play a role in one or more signaling pathways at the same time, and play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of CRC. MiRNAs have great potential as tumor markers in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Objective To summarize the relationship between microRNA and the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer， and to investigate the application value of microRNA in the diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer. Methods Domestic and international publications involving the relationship between microRNA and colorectal cancer were retrieved and reviewed. Results MicroRNA acted as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to participate in cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis， metabolism， tumor genesis， and tumor progression. The abnormal expression of microRNA was closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. As specific biomarker， microRNA could be applied in early diagnosis， chemotherapy strategy-making， and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer. Conclusion MicroRNA is definitely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer， and it has great prospect in the basic research and clinical applications of colorectal cancer.
Objective To investigate the expression level and methylation level of micro RNA-34b（miR-34b） gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）， and to analyze the relationship between methylation and clinicopathological characters of PTC. Methods PTC tissues and tumor adjacent tissues were collected from 25 patients with PTC who underwent operation in Huai’an First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Sep. 2008 to Oct. 2010. Expression of miR-34b gene and level of methylation in gene promoter were detected by real time PCR and methylation-specific PCR in the 2 kinds of tissues， respectively. Results The expression value of miR-34b mRNA in PTC tissues was 0.85±0.05， which was significantly lower than those of tumor adjacent tissues （1.62±0.09）， P=0.030. There were methylation in 18 （72%，18/25） PTC tissues， and 10 （40%，10/25） in tumor adjacent tissues， and the ratio of methylation was higher in PTC tissues （P=0.021）. In PTC tissues， methylation was not related to age， gender， tumor size， TNM stage， and invasion of the capsule （P＞0.05）， but was related to lymph node metastasis （P＜0.05）. Ratio of methylation in patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those of patients with no lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Methylation of miR-34b gene promoter is one of the reasons for inactivation of PTC， and it may be related to the development and metastasis of PTC， which needs to be further investigated.
Objective To review the research progress of heterotopic ossification (HO) pathogenesis.Methods Recent articles about HO including the risk factors and pathogenesis were reviewed and comprehensively analyzed. Results The pathogenesis of HO is not completely understood, but the extracellular factors, signaling pathways, and transcription factors in the pathogenesis of HO are understood deeply, such as bone morphogenic protein, Smad signaling, and core binding factor α1/runt-related transcription factor 2, which are probably involved in HO. Furthermore, some related microRNAs are also probably involved in HO. Conclusion The pathogenesis of HO should be further investigated so as to lay a foundation for preventing and treating HO.
Objective To explore the microRNA （miRNA） expression changes and related miRNA characteristics of colorectal cancer （CRC） with hepatic metastasis by miRNA microarray. Methods The fresh specimens of primary CRC were collected in 10 patients during operation， which with hepatic metastasis or not. miRNA microarray analysis was performed to compare the miRNA expression levels in two groups. The different expression levels of miRNA were validated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Results A total of six dysregulated miRNAs were identified in the CRC patients with hepatic metastasis comparing with CRC patients without hepatic metastasis， including 3 up-regulated miRNAs （miR-224， miR-1236， and miR-622） and 3 down-regulated miRNAs （miR-155， miR-342-5p， and miR-363）， and the quantitative real-time PCR result of miR-224 consisted with the microarray finding. Conclusions miR-224 may be involved in the process of CRC with hepatic metastasis pathogenesis. miR-224 would be a research direction on a new biomarker or therapic method in CRC with hepatic metastasis.