目的:探讨住院患者急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的临床病因方法:回顾性分析139例ARF患者的临床资料,探讨其病因、肾衰类型及危险因素。结果:139例ARF患者中,肾前性90例,肾性37例,肾后性12例。其中,60岁以上的老年人73例,占52.5%。引起ARF的根本病因中,感染、心衰及创伤为引起ARF的主要病因。结论:注意有效血容量不足的症状及体征、及时扩容及控制感染可以减少ARF的发生。同时,60岁以上老年人仍是高危人群,应重在预防。
【摘要】 目的 总结急性肾功能衰竭（acute renal failure， ARF）的病因特点、治疗情况与预后的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2007年8月-2008年4月77例ARF的临床资料，总结各种因素与患者预后的关系。 结果 肾性因素是最主要的致病病因，占77.92%，其中以药物和中毒居多。老年患者、少尿型患者或合并多脏器功能衰竭患者病死率较高，分别为25.93%，29.55%，83.33%。 结论 ARF应早期诊断，积极给予综合治疗，包括肾脏替代治疗，老年ARF患者易出现多脏器功能衰竭、合并感染等，应放宽透析指征，并注意去除高危因素以提高存活率。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF). Methods The clinical data of 77 patients with ARF from Auguest 2007 to April 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Renal factor was the most important cause of ARF, accounting for 77.92%. The mortalities of elderly patients, oliguric patients and with multiple organ failure were 25.93%, 29.55%, and 83.33%, respectively. Conclusion Patients with ARF should be diagnosed as early as possible and given comprehensive treatments, including renal replacement therapy; the elderly patients with multiple organ failure and infection should be relaxed dialysis indications. We should pay attention to the removal of risk factors to improve the survival rate.
Abstract: Objective To investigate the application value of the Clinical Score developed by Cleveland University in predicting the occurrence ratio of acute renal failure in Chinese patients after cardiac surgery. Methods A total of 456 adult patients , 230 males and 226 females , with cardiac surgery during August 2008 to July 2009 were included in our study. Their age ranged from 18 to 88 years with an average age of 56.7 years. Before the surgery, Clinical Score was used to predict acute renal failure after cardiac surgery. Based on the score of ≤5, 610, or ≥11, the patients were divided into group Ⅰ (n=401), group Ⅱ (n=42) and group Ⅲ (n=13). The occurrence rate of acute kidney injury (AKI), continuous renal replacement therapy in hospital, multiple organ failure, mortality and other clinical indexes were compared among the 3 groups. Results Occurrence ratio of AKI of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ was respectively 2.74%, 28.57% and 76.92% (χ2=73.004, P=0.000). Continuous renal replacement therapy rate was respectively 0.50%, 9.52%, and 38.46% (χ2=36.939, P=0.000). Multiple organ failure rate was respectively 0.50%, 4.76%, and 23.08% (χ2=19.694, P=0.000). Mortality rate was respectively 0.25%, 2.38%, and 15.38% (χ2=14.061, P=0.001). There were significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion The Clinical Score to Predict Acute Renal Failure developed by Cleveland University can effectively predict the occurrence rate of acute renal failure in the Chinese patients after cardiac surgery before the operation. Therefore, corresponding preventive methods can be taken for highrisk patients.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduced glutathione in the treatment of acute renal failure. Methods Twenty-three patients with acute renal failure were divided into the treatment group (n=10) and the control group (n=13) by simple randomisation. Patients in the treatment group received intravenous reduced glutathione 1200 mg daily. Patients in the control group were not treated with reduced glutathione. The therapeutic course for both groups was 4 weeks. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined before treatment as well as at the end of each of the 4 weeks. Proximal and distal renal tubular functions were evaluated at the end of the treatment. The time when clinical symptoms were improved was recorded and adverse drug reactions were monitored. Results The durations of nausea and vomiting as well as the oliguria stage were shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. The serum creatinine level in the treatment group decreased more markedly than that in the control group. At the end of the treatment, the renal tubular function was better in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion Reduced glutathione contributes to the early recovery of renal function in patients with acute renal failure. However, more high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed.
ObjectiveTo explore the value of Aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) on the detection of early renal function damage by investigating the expressions of renal AQP-3 mRNA and protein of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). MethodsForty mature male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly: experimental group (n=20) in which the model of OJ rats was established, and control group (n=20, sham operation group). The levels of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), creatinine (Cr)， and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by fullautomatic biochemical analyzer on 7 d and 14 d after operation. The expressions of renal AQP-3 mRNA and protein of rats were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. ResultsThe levels of serum TBIL and DBIL were significantly higher on 14 d than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group (P=0.000), which were significantly higher than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.000), while the difference within control group was not significant (P=0.154). Thus, the OJ models of rats were established successfully. The difference of serum Cr levels of rats between inter-and intragroup were not significant (Pgt;0.05). Serum BUN level on 14 d after operation in experimental group was significantly higher than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group and on 14 d after operation in control group (P=0.001), although serum Cr levels were not different between 7 d and 14 d after operation in control group (P=0.288). The expressions of AQP-3 protein of rats on 7 d and 14 d after operation in experimental group were significantly lower than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.033, P=0.000), meanwhile on 14 d after operation in experimental group was significantly lower than those on 7 d after operation in experimental group (P=0.000). The expressions of AQP-3 mRNA of rats on 7 d and 14 d after operation in experimental group were significantly higher than those at corresponding time point in control group (P=0.000), but the difference at different time point in two groups was not significant (P=0.139, P=0.059). ConclusionsThe changes of renal AQP-3 protein and mRNA expressions are prior to the changes of serum Cr and BUN levels of rats suffered from OJ complicated renal function damage, which are promised to improve the early diagnosis rate of renal function damage in rats with OJ.
Experienc of nurtitional treatment to 7 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) and nitrogemia after biliarty (tract) surgery is reported in this article. Nittrogen source inn all cases was obtained from "Renal Amine" and "7% Vamin" etc,which are composed of 8 essential amino acids (EAA), and the nergery sources are mainly supplyed by Intralipid (20 or 10%) and suitable amount of glucose. The nutritional admicture of "all in one" were employed as parenteral nutrition (PN). Satisfactary curative effecs in these patients were obtained. The suthors consider that (a) the nutritional treatment of different casuses of ARF should be providing enough energy and more EAA requirments than in normal need to synthesizw non-essential amino acide (NEAA) and protein from excessive blood urea nitrogen (BUN) for redcuing pritein breakdown and nitrogemia, and (b) 20% Intralipid is an effective low-volume, highly calories nutritional agent specially in ARF patients with restiction of waterr.
目的:总结急性重症中毒并急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的临床特点并探讨多种血液净化(BP)模式抢救急性重症中毒的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院30例急性中毒并ARF患者,其中9例行血液透析(HD)治疗,11例行HD串联血液灌流(HD＋HP)治疗,10例采用连续性静脉-静脉血液透析滤过(CVVHDF)治疗,各组均给予综合性治疗,比较单纯HD组、HD＋HP组、CVVHDF组之间治疗效果。结果:CVVHDF组治愈率高,肾功能恢复优于其他血液净化组(P﹤0.05),昏迷者的清醒时间快,住院时间缩短(P﹤0.05),无明显毒副作用。结论:CVVHDF、HD＋HP血液净化治疗抢救各种急性中毒并ARF患者成功率高,对急性重症中毒伴多器官功能障碍者,提倡早期行CVVHDF治疗,同时重视洗胃、营养支持、水电解质酸碱平衡、抗感染等综合治疗,以利于急危重症中毒患者的救治。