ObjectiveTo investigate the educational background of practitioners from the hospital infection control departments located in the mainland of China and reveal the necessity and employment prospects of setting up a major of hospital infection control for a bachelor degree in universities.MethodsA self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an online survey on the Shanghai International Forum for Infection Control and Prevention and the WeChat group of nosocomial infection control from March 12th to March 25th, 2018. The convenient sampling method was used to investigate the leader of infection prevention and control department in each hospital. The survey included the regional distribution, attention on nosocomial infection control, existing staff structure, future staff needs and employment prospects of hospitals in 2018, and the attention on nosocomial infection control in the same period in 2014.ResultsA total of 1 654 questionnaires were obtained, from 30 provincial-level regions, including 103 maternal and child health hospitals, 143 other special hospitals, 258 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine, and 1 150 general hospitals. Hospitals upgraded more attention on nosocomial infection control in 2018 than in 2014 [(3.76±0.98) vs. (2.94±1.14) points; t=-36.112, P<0.001]. Currently, there were 5 068.5 labors engaged in nosocomial infection control. The educational background of the current practitioners was mainly nursing [60.52% (3 067.5)]. In the next 5 years, 83.50% (820/982) of the hospitals that had recruitment plans planed to recruit graduates specialized in the hospital infection control, and respectively, 44.86% (742/1 654) and 17.35% (287/1 654) of the respondents believed that the employment prospects of graduates with bachelor degree specialized in the hospital infection control were good or very good.ConclusionThere is a tremendous demand for the graduates specialized in the hospital infection control, and it is imperative to set up this undergraduate major.
Objective To understand the current situation of nosocomial infection management quality control centers at the municipal and county levels in Guizhou, so as to provide measures for promoting the construction of nosocomial infections management quality control centers at all levels in Guizhou. Methods From September 26th to October 12th 2023, based on the mobile network platform survey questionnaire of the infection prevention and control workshop, a survey was conducted on the establishment, personnel, information technology level, management, and quality control work of the nosocomial infection management quality control centers at the municipal and county levels in Guizhou. Results Nine prefecture-level cities/autonomous prefectures in Guizhou had established municipal-level nosocomial infection management quality control centers. The professional background of the staff at the municipal and county-level quality control centers was mainly nursing (accounting for 36.4% and 58.4%, respectively), and their educational background was mainly undergraduate (accounting for 70.5% and 83.3%, respectively). No quality control center at the municipal or county level had established an information-based quality control platform for nosocomial infection management within the region. Most county-level quality control centers did not have special funds (87.5%), and there were still 16 (25.0%) county-level quality control centers that had not established relevant systems for work and management. The main forms of quality control work carried out by each center were organizing training, on-site inspections, guidance and evaluation, and most of them were conducted irregularly. Conclusions Guizhou has basically formed a quality control system for nosocomial infection management at the provincial, municipal, and county levels. However, the nosocomial infection management quality control network has not fully covered all districts, and policies, funding support, and personnel allocation are still insufficient. Health administrative departments and quality control centers at all levels need to unify monitoring standards and quality control norms, strengthen supervision, improve quality control capabilities, and improve training systems to achieve standardization and normalization of quality control work throughout the province and improve quality control efficiency.
Objective To evaluate the effect of ECRS management model on the quality of prevention and control of hospital infection with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Methods The data related to the prevention and control of MDROs in the First Hospital of Nanchang in 2020 and 2021 were retrospectively collected. The hospital implemented routine MDRO infection prevention and control management in accordance with the Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Control of Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria Nosocomial Infection in 2020. On this basis, the hospital applied the four principles of the ECRS method to cancel, combine, rearrange and simplify the MDRO infection prevention and control management. The detection rate of MDROs on object surfaces, the incidence rate of hospital infection of MDROs, the compliance rate of hand hygiene, the implementation rate of contact isolation prevention and control measures, and the pass rate of MDRO infection prevention and control education assessment were analyzed and compared between the two years. Results The detection rate of MDROs on the surfaces in 2021 was lower than that in 2020 (9.39% vs. 31.63%). The hospital-acquired MDRO infection rate in 2021 was lower than that in 2020 (1.18% vs. 1.46%). The hand hygiene compliance rates of medical staff, workers and caregivers in 2021 were higher than those in 2020 (90.99% vs. 78.63%, 73.51% vs. 45.96%, 70.96% vs. 33.71%). The implementation rate of contact isolation prevention and control measures in 2021 was higher than that in 2020 (93.31% vs. 70.79%). The qualified rates of MDRO infection prevention and control education in medical personnel, workers and caregivers in 2021 were higher than those in 2020 (96.57% vs. 81.31%, 76.47% vs. 47.95%, 73.17% vs. 34.19%). All the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion ECRS management mode can improve the execution and prevention level of MDRO hospital infection prevention and control, and reduce the incidence of MDRO hospital infection.
During the medical rescue after the Wenchuan earthquake, in order to prevent hospital environmental pollution and cross infection, the nosocomial infection control committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University immediately initiated the emergency response plan, improved the triage system, and organized multi-disciplinary infection control groups to improve the triage of the wounded and the infection control of the emergency department. At the same time, we regulated the individual behavior of healthcare professionals and took appropriate measures for personnel protection so as to ensure the safety of both the wounded and healthcare professionals.
Objective To study the effect of training methods for hospital infection management that through the whole process of diagnosis and treatment. Methods We selected part-time hospital infection personnel from Panyu Central Hospital of Guangzhou to form a teaching staff between January 1 and October 31, 2022. The teaching staff was randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table method. The control group received training using traditional theoretical training models, while the experimental group received training using a simulated hospital infection training teaching model that runs through the entire diagnosis and treatment process. The training effects of the two groups through theoretical knowledge assessment, operational skills assessment, and teacher satisfaction evaluation were compared. Results A total of 196 teachers were included, with 98 students in each group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, education level, major category, professional title, and years of work experience (P>0.05). The total score of theoretical knowledge examination in the experimental group [(88.49±8.33) vs. (80.35±13.57) points, t=5.062, P<0.001] was higher than the control group. Among them, the scores of hand hygiene standards for medical personnel, principles of aseptic operation, occupational exposure disposal, classification and disposal of medical waste were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total score of the operational skills assessment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group [(86.37±5.25) vs. (76.75±7.07) points, t=10.811, P<0.001], among which the scores during operation, after operation, and overall impression were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The overall satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (94.90% vs. 72.45%, χ2=18.076, P<0.001), among which the satisfaction with training methods, textbook value, course attractiveness, and clinical applicability were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Through the whole process of diagnosis and treatment training method for hospital infection management can significantly improve the training effectiveness of teachers. It is worth promoting in the teaching of hospital infection management for various levels and types of personnel.
Objective To investigate and analyze the difficulties of nosocomial infection management in different-level medical institutions in Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for improving the level of nosocomial infection management. Methods A questionnaire was designed to include 10 difficulties in nosocomial infection management such as professional title promotion, salary, and personnel allocation. In October 2023, the Shanghai Nosocomial Infection Quality Control Center, in collaboration with the Shanghai Hospital Association, conducted a questionnaire survey among the heads of nosocomial infection management departments in medical institutions in Shanghai. The scores of difficulties were analyzed by stratification according to hospital level, allocation and changes of full-time personnel. Results A total of 548 questionnaires were distributed, and 530 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with a recovery rate of 96.72%. There were 55 public tertiary, 93 public secondary, 169 public primary and 213 social medical institutions. The rates of full-time personnel allocation meeting standards were 76.36% (42/55), 72.04% (67/93), 31.95% (54/169), and 21.60% (46/213), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the rates of full-time personnel allocation meeting standards among different levels of medical institutions (χ2=105.149, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the total scores of nosocomial infection management difficulties among different-level medical institutions (F=1.657, P=0.176). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of difficulties in professional title promotion, cumbersome daily norms and requirements, insufficient allocation of full-time personnel, and high personnel turnover (P<0.05). Conclusions The main difficulties in nosocomial management of medical institutions at all levels in Shanghai include the difficulty in career promotion, cumbersome daily norms and requirements, insufficient allocation of full-time personnel and lack of experience. In the future, medical institutions should strengthen the allocation of full-time personnel and enhance their capabilities, provide smooth promotion channels, to promote the high-quality development of nosocomial infection management ultimately.
ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of hospital infection management related to the hospital maternity ward, learn the risks of infection, discover problems existing in hospital infection management, and seek appropriate solutions for hospital infection. MethodsBetween January 2011 and December 2012, using uniform questionnaire for prospective survey and field interviews, we investigated the hospital infection situation in medical health care workers, pregnant women, and live newborns. ResultsA total of 2 225 questionnaires were retreated with a retreat rate of 100%. Hospital infection occurred in 23 cases, of which 15 cases were maternal infection (1.35%) and 8 cases were neonate infection (0.72%). Maternal infection was mainly focused on reproductive tract, surgery incision and urinary tract. Neonate infection was mainly focused on lower respiratory tract and skin. The management system of hospital infection in the maternity ward was basically strengthened, but the infection monitoring work was still not timely, and staff training in infection control knowledge was not in place. The overall environment, sterilization, disinfection and isolation should be strengthened, and there were also some other safety hazards. ConclusionThe management of infection in hospital maternity ward is the key to control the infection in maternity ward. The infection management seems perfect, but there are still some hidden dangers. The management system needs to be improved and the management should be implemented strictly according to the system, in order to avoid the occurrence of infection in maternity ward and ensure the safety of patients.
Objective To understand the current status of nosocomial infection management in secondary and higher medical institutions in the city to find out the problems and put forward countermeasures. Methods According to the standard of " 19. Nosocomia Infection Management” in the evaluation standard of Sichuan Provincial General Hospital of 2011, the nosocomial infection management of 18 hospitals at or above grade 2 was supervised and evaluated on site. Results The average score of the 18 hospitals was 84.88±2.58. Organization and management had the highest pass rate (83.33%), while the catheter room had the lowest (33.33%). Concusion The 18 hospitals’ nosocomial infection management has been led to different degrees of attention, to build a hospital management organizational structure, developed a more comprehensive rules and regulations and work processes. But in key sectors and key links, the pass rate is still low, it needs to timely update the management concept, increase the necessary facilities and equipment for sensing and controlling, refine the control measures, formulate the pre-plan process and quality assessment standards and effectively implement.
ObjectiveTo enhance the management of occupational exposure, improve post-exposure reporting, promote post-exposure follow-up, reduce blood-borne infections caused by exposure, and ensure occupational safety among medical staff by using comprehensive measures based on nosocomial infection management system.MethodsAll the reported cases of occupational exposure were retrospectively collected from August 2012 to July 2018. The cases were divided into the control group (from August 2012 to July 2015) in which the data were reported in paper, and the observation group (from August 2015 to July 2018) in which the data were reported by nosocomial infection management system. The report and follow up results of occupational exposure in the two groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsAfter three years application of nosocomial infection management system, the occupational exposure report increased 95.8% (increased from 16.7 cases per year to 32.7 cases per year); the follow-up ratio of occupational exposure after one month,3 months and 6 months increased from 65.0% to 93.3% (χ2=15.184, P<0.001), 45.0% to 73.3% (χ2=9.033, P=0.003), and 25.0% to 53.3% (χ2=8.522, P=0.004), respectively.ConclusionApplication of nosocomial infection management system can increase the report of occupational exposure and the follow-up ratio of occupational exposure significantly.