Anxiety disorder is a common emotional handicap, which seriously affects the normal life of patients and endangers their physical and mental health. The prefrontal cortex is a key brain region which is responsible for anxiety. Action potential and behavioral data of rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) during anxiety (an innate anxiety paradigm) can be obtained simultaneously by using the in vivo and in conscious animal multi-channel microelectrode array recording technique. Based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the action potential causal network was established, network connectivity strength and global efficiency were calculated, and action potential causal network connectivity pattern of the medial prefrontal cortex was quantitatively characterized. We found that the entries (44.13±6.99) and residence period (439.76±50.43) s of rats in the closed arm of the elevated plus maze were obviously higher than those in the open arm [16.50±3.25, P<0.001; (160.23±48.22) s, P<0.001], respectively. The action potential causal network connectivity strength (0.017 3±0.003 6) and the global efficiency (0.044 2±0.012 8) in the closed arm were both higher than those in the open arm (0.010 4±0.003 2, P<0.01; 0.034 8±0.011 4, P<0.001), respectively. The results suggest that the changes of action potential causal network in the medial prefrontal cortex are related to anxiety state. These data could provide support for the study of the brain network mechanism in prefrontal cortex during anxiety.
Epilepsy is a neurological disease with disordered brain network connectivity. It is important to analyze the brain network mechanism of epileptic seizure from the perspective of directed functional connectivity. In this paper, causal brain networks were constructed for different sub-bands of epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in interictal, preictal and ictal phases by directional transfer function method, and the information transmission pathway and dynamic change process of brain network under different conditions were analyzed. Finally, the dynamic changes of characteristic attributes of brain networks with different rhythms were analyzed. The results show that the topology of brain network changes from stochastic network to rule network during the three stage and the node connections of the whole brain network show a trend of gradual decline. The number of pathway connections between internal nodes of frontal, temporal and occipital regions increase. There are a lot of hub nodes with information outflow in the lesion region. The global efficiency in ictal stage of α, β and γ waves are significantly higher than in the interictal and the preictal stage. The clustering coefficients in preictal stage are higher than in the ictal stage and the clustering coefficients in ictal stage are higher than in the interictal stage. The clustering coefficients of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes are significantly increased. The results of this study indicate that the topological structure and characteristic properties of epileptic causal brain network can reflect the dynamic process of epileptic seizures. In the future, this study has important research value in the localization of epileptic focus and prediction of epileptic seizure.
目的:利用臭氧对粪便处理车间的臭气物质进行氧化分解时,臭氧的除臭效果和臭氧的适宜浓度。方法:在对京东某粪便处理车间大规模现场测试(官能法,化学法)的基础上,确定粪便处理车间的恶臭污染源,计算出臭氧氧化法的除臭效率。 结果:针对臭气成份与臭氧反应速度,绘制出了在粪便处理车间臭气浓度以及臭气主要成份硫化氢和氨随时间的衰减曲线;臭氧发生器启动后,臭气浓度迅速衰减,在第一个小时内臭气浓度衰减率为74%,硫化氢在第一个小时浓度衰减率为29%,第二个小时浓度衰减率为58.9%,氨2小时后总衰减率为56.8%;臭氧除臭时,粪便处理车间臭氧浓度应控制在0.03 ppm,此时臭气浓度为150,臭气强度为3级。 结论:该项研究为臭氧除臭装置和粪便处理车间利用臭氧氧化法除臭提供了设计依据。
ObjectiveTo summarize the evaluation indexes of health resource utilization efficiency in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) , so as to provide reference for the construction of evaluation index system.MethodLiteratures on the allocation, utilization, and efficiency of ERAS health resources at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsAt present, no systematic evaluation index system of ERAS health resources utilization efficiency had been formed at home and abroad. In the research, the formulation direction of input index mainly included ERAS human resources allocation and material resources allocation, while the formulation direction of output index mainly included ERAS medical resources utilization.ConclusionsThe evaluation system of ERAS health resources utilization efficiency is not perfect and the research scope of its index system is too small, which restricts the standardization promotion of ERAS. It is an urgent problem to construct a scientific evaluation index system for ERAS health resources utilization efficiency.
In the present study, packaging system composed of pAAV-CMV-GFP, pAAV-RC and pHelper were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293 cells) mediated by polyethyleneimine (PEI) to explore an optimal transfection condition. Different total plasmid DNA dosages (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6μg) and different PEI/Plasmid ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1) were tested with detection of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with ImagePro Plus6.0 Software. Then transfection efficiency of the optimized transfection system was further observed for different time periods(12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h). The results showed that total plasmid dosage of 4μg/well with PEI/plasmid ratio of 3:1~5:1 was an efficient transfection condition. Transfection efficiency-time curve was an S-shaped curve. Transfection efficiency reached a plateau at 60 h after transfection. The optimized conditions for PEI-mediated transfection at the optimal time result in enhanced transfection efficiency of triple plasmid into HEK293 cells.
Objective To establish a cooperative decision-making model of county-level public hospitals, so as to freely select the best partner in different decision-making units and promote the optimal allocation of medical resources. Methods The input and output data of 10 adjacent county-level public hospitals in Henan province from 2017 to 2019 was selected. Based on the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, a generalized fuzzy DEA cooperative decision-making model with better applicability to fuzzy indicators and optional decision-making units was constructed. By inputting index information such as total number of employees, number of beds, annual outpatient and emergency volume, number of discharged patients, total income and hospital grade evaluation, the cooperation efficiency intervals of different hospitals were calculated to scientifically select the best partner in different decision-making units.Results After substituting the data of 10 county-level public hospitals in H1-H10 into the model, taking H2 hospital as an example to make cooperative decision, among the four hospitals in H1, H2, H7 and H10 of the same scale, under optimistic circumstances, the best partner of H2 hospital was H7 hospital, and the cooperation efficiency value was 1.97; in a pessimistic situation, the best partner of H2 hospital was H10 hospital, and the cooperation efficiency value was 0.98. The model had good applicability in the cooperative decision-making of county-level public hospitals. Conclusion The generalized fuzzy DEA model can better evaluate the cooperative decision-making analysis between county-level public hospitals.
ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution, service volume, and medical efficiency of private general hospitals in Sichuan Province to provide references for optimizing the allocation of health resources in Sichuan Province. MethodsUsing the 2020 data from private general hospitals above the second level in 18 cities and states in Sichuan Province, this study calculated the market concentration and competitiveness with the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI). A three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was employed to eliminate environmental variables and random errors for hospital efficiency analysis. Influencing factors were conducted using a Tobit regression model. ResultsThe HHI indices for the number of licensed (assistant) physicians, beds, and total consultations in each city and state were below 1 000, indicating a low concentration market. The comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of private general hospitals above the second level in Sichuan Province were 0.534, 0.661, and 0.806, respectively, after the three-stage DEA analysis. The number of practicing (assistant) physicians was negatively correlated with scale efficiency. the number of beds was negatively correlated with pure technical efficiency. The total number of consultations showed a positive correlation with overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency. ConclusionThe provincial private hospital market exhibits low concentration competition. Differences in efficiency exist among various regions, grades, and hospital types. Market competition in resource allocation promotes the improvement of pure technological efficiency and scale efficiency. Market share competition hinders the improvement of comprehensive technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency.
The aim of this study is to explore the effects of continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) on functional brain network in emotion processing. Before and after the intervention of cTBS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ten participants who were asked to perform the emotion gender recognition task, we recorded their scalp electroencephalograms (EEG). Then we used the phase synchronization of EEG to measure the connectivity between two nodes. We then calculated the network efficiency to describe the efficiency of information transmission in brain regions. Our research showed that after the intervention of cTBS and the stimulation of the emotion face picture, there was an obvious enhancement in the event-related spectral perturbation after stimuli onset in beta band in 100–300 ms. Under the stimulation of different emotion picture, the values of global phase synchronization for negative and neutral stimuli were enhanced compared to positive ones. And the increased small-worldness was found in emotional processing. In summary, based on the effect of activity change in the left DLPFC on emotion processing brain network, the emotional processing mechanism of brain networks were preliminary explored and it provided the reference for the research of emotion processing brain network in the future.
Objective To explore the present situation of the efficiency about public tertiary general hospitals in Shandong province, measure and compare the efficiency and the state of returns to scale of hospitals under different bed scales. Methods Based on the input and output data of 137 public tertiary general hospitals in Shandong province in 2017, two input indicators (the number of employees and the number of actual beds) and two output indicators (the total number of outpatients and emergent patients, and the number of discharges) were selected. The technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of sample hospitals were calculated by using data envelopment analysis, and a comparative analysis was carried out under different bed scales. Results Of the 137 public tertiary general hospitals, the mean of technical efficiency value was 0.666, the medians of pure technical efficiency value and scale efficiency value in 2017 were 0.817 and 0.919, respectively. In the 137 sample hospitals, there were 132 hospitals (96.4%) in ineffective status; there were 90 hospitals (65.7%) exhibiting increasing returns to scale, 11 hospitals (8.0%) exhibiting constant returns to scale, and 36 hospitals (26.3%) exhibiting decreasing returns to scale. There were significant differences in hospital efficiency and returns to scale under different bed sizes (P<0.001), and the scale efficiency was the highest when the bed size was 1001-2000. Conclusions The overall operating efficiency of the public tertiary general hospitals in the province was not high yet. Most hospitals were in ineffective status and most of them were in the state of increasing returns to scale. The optimal scale of actual beds is between 1001 and 2000 beds from the perspective of scale efficiency.