Objective To explore the methods of early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of lower extremity (ASOLE). Methods The related literatures on ASOLE detection means adopted clinically were reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages were compared.Results Asymptomatic ASOLE could be discovered by determination of ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI), which was a good index for arterial function assessment of lower extremity. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was more vulnerable and less sensitive than ABI, and therefore more suitable for screening of a large sample. ASI was an index to assess arterial structure and function, and it had a good correlation with PWV. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was a measurement evaluating the function of endothelial cell; Pulse wave measurement was simple, sensitive, and its result was reliable. Color Doppler ultrasonography could localizate the lesion and determine the degree of stenosis at the same time. Multiple-slice CT angiography (MSCTA) was more accurate than color Doppler ultrasonography, but its inherent shortcomings, such as nephrotoxicity of contrast agent, was still need to be resolved. 3D-contrast enhancement magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) had little nephrotoxicity, but a combination of other imaging methods was necessary. Microcirculation detections required high consistency of the measurement environment, but they were simple, sensitive and noninvasive, and therefore could be used for screening of ASO. Conclusion Publicity and education of highrisk groups, and reasonable selection of all kinds of detection means, are helpful to improve the early diagnosis of ASOLE.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the recent studies on the biocharacters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) and their relationships with the malignant tumors. Methods The literatures of recent years on the biocharacters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) and their relationships with the malignant tumors were reviewed. Results Keratin family is a kind of structural proteins in cell which plays an important role in cytomechanics and regulates cell-cycle. The mutations of keratin genes (mRNA) or the overexpression of keratin proteins would interfere with the order of cell-cycle or the integrity of cytomechanics, and lead to some diseases and malignant tumors finally. Conclusion The studies on biocharaters of keratin family (e.g. genetic mutations and abnormal expressions) are helpful in the diagnosis, staging and the evaluation of prognosis of some diseases and cancers, e.g. liver cirrhosis, breast cancer, rectum carcinoma, etc.
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and also one of the most common malignant tumors with the highest incidence, highest mortality, the fastest growth rate and the worst prognosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the disease is urgently needed in order to establish new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Exosomes, a kind of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, can deliver various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, mRNA, mircoRNA, lipids, etc, and their potential value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer has been supported by a large number of literatures. In this review, we reviewed the role of exosomes in the of development, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
目的探讨肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌的临床诊断和治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗28例肝内胆管结石合并肝胆管癌的病例资料。结果本组28例占同期肝内胆管结石病例的6.7%。术前各类影像学检查发现癌灶17例，5例获细胞学检查确诊。术中7例经快速组织活检证实。另4例系术后确诊。肿瘤多为腺癌，位于肝门胆管18例，肝内胆管9例，肝内、肝门部广泛浸润1例。根治性肿瘤切除8例，获随访6例，平均生存23个月； 姑息性肿瘤切除8例，获随访6例，平均生存11个月； 仅行外引流者7例，其中3例于术后2周内死亡，3例术后9个月内死亡，1例生存4个月后失访。结论长期肝内胆管结石刺激及继发感染是肝胆管癌发生的重要因素。联合应用影像学检查结合病理活检获得早期诊断和选择合理的根治性肝切除术是提高疗效的有效措施。
目的 探讨应用双吻合器低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的早期诊断和防治措施。方法 回顾性分析 2005～2011年期间笔者所在医院收治的160例应用双吻合器行低位直肠癌前切除患者的临床资料。结果 本组患者术后发生吻合口漏13例（8.1%），发生吻合口漏的时间为术后 3～12d，平均7d；8例经保守治疗后治愈，4 例经二次手术行结肠或回盲部造瘘后好转，1 例于术后12d死亡。结论 直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的早期正确诊断和合理治疗是降低患者死亡率的关键；早期的造瘘手术和通畅引流是治愈吻合口漏的必要措施。