Fundus photograph, angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography and other image technology and visual electrophysiology can provide a wealth of information for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric retinal diseases. However, it put forward higher requirements on pediatric retinal imaging equipment and techniques which will be quite different from adult, because of pediatric retinal disease has its own characteristics, such as disease spectrum, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology. The principles and methods of image results interpretation on adult were not quite ready for children. It is necessary to further study the fundus imaging techniques suitable for children, gradually establish standardized examination procedures and clinical interpretation system, to promote the diagnosis of retinopathy in children.
The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remain elusive. The risk factors of ROP include excessive oxygen therapy, malnutrition, infection and inflammation. Among the factors above, the effect of inflammation on ROP has received more attention. TNF-α is a biological active protein which is involved in neovascularization and inflammation. It may play a role in the development of ROP. This review summarized the studies on the association between TNF-α and ROP in recent years, so as to provide a new way to further study the pathogenesis and treatment methods of ROP.
Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of widefi eld digita l pediatric retinal imaging system (RetCam II)assisted photocoagulation on ret in opathy of preamturity (ROP). Methods The clinical data of 30 p atie nts (58 eyes) with threshold ROP or prethreshold type I ROP were retrospectively analyzed. The nonperfusion area underwent semiconducting photocoagulation wit h 532 nm under indirect binocular ophthalmoscope. In 30 patients, prethreshold ty pe 1 ROP was found in 36 and threshold ROP was in 19; missed area after cryotherapy in other hospital was observed in 3; Zone 1 ROP was in 8 and z one 2 ROP was in 50. Fiftyfour eyes (93.1％) underwent onetime photocoagulat i on and 4 eyes (6.9%) underwent a second. Ocular fundus was examined by RetCam II before and after operation. The missed area after cryoth erapy was at once supplemented during surgery. The followup duration was 3－11 m onths (average of 5.5 months). Results Fiftyfour eyes which had under gone onetime photocoagulation had good result 1－3 weeks after surgery and the disease was controlled. In 4 eyes which had undergone t he second photoco agulation, the disease alleviated after the operation in 2 and local posterior t ractional retinal detachment occurred in 2. At the end of followup duration, u n favorable retinal structural outcome was observed in 2 eyes (3.4%). Con clusion R etCam IIassisted photocoagulation can avoid missed area during the operation， enhance successful rates of first photocoagulation and reduce unfavorabl e retinal structural outcome rates.