Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of natural medicine artemisinin and its derivatives. Methods The pertinent domestic and overseas literatures of recent years were reviewed and summarized. Results Artemisinin and its derivatives have unique structure, high efficiency with low toxicity. The pharmacological effects include anti-malaria, anti-tumor, immune function regulation, anti-bacterial, anti-fetation, anti-fibrosis, heat-clearing and detoxicating, etc. Conclusion Artemisinin and its derivatives play pharmacological effects in different ways, and have a good foreground in the application.
Objective To explore the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） transplantation for chronic hindlimb ischemia in Lewis rats by using cell tracer technique. Methods MSCs were isolated and cultured by using density gradient centrifugation and adherence method respectively， then labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine （BrdU）. Eight chronic hindlimb ischemia models of Lewis rats were prepared by using suture-occluded method and then divided randomly to MSCs transplantation group and control group， each group enrolled 4 rats， accepting MSCs transplantation and saline respectively. Then on 7 days and 14 days after transplantation， clinical observation， determination of blood flow， and angiography were performed on rats of the 2 groups. At the same time points after previous tests， rats of the 2 groups were sacrificed to get quadriceps tissues and gastrocnemius tissues to perform HE staining and BrdU immunohis-tochemistry. Results The 8 rats were all survived on 14 days after transplantation， with no tumor happened and necroses in the transplanted area. On 14 days after transplantation， the blood flow ratio of operated side to un-operated side in the hindlimb （1.773 vs. 1.279） of rats in MSCs transplantation group and control group increased， and the angiography results showed that there were no much increase in ratio of collateral vessels number （0.908 vs. 0.835）. There were no significant change in the quadriceps tissues and gastrocnemius tissues by HE staining. The BrdU positive kernels located in the inter-stitial substance cells and vascular endothelia cells， and divided differently in different parts of hindlimb at different time points， that the ratio of positive cells in gastrocnemius tissue was higher than those of quadriceps tissue on 7 days after transplantation， but lower on 14 days. Conclusions MSCs transplantation can increases the blood perfusion of hindlimb in the early stage of chronic hindlimb ischemia model， and the possible mechanism may be the paracrine effect of MSCs but not the number increase of collateral vessels.
ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and predicting the candidate drug. MethodsThe differently expressed genes of the human gene expression profiles with 35 postoperative recurrence of HCC tissues and 41 no recurrence of HCC tissues were identified. Then enriched these genes with gene ontology(GO) terms and KEGG pathway, and predicting the candidate drugs for suppress the postoperative recurrence using Connectivity Map(cmap) database. ResultsSeveral pathways such as Focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway were found involve in postoperative recurrence of HCC. Moreover, two candidate small molecule drugs(bambuterol and lovastatin) were found may suppress and postoperative recurrence of HCC. ConclusionFocal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway may involve in the postoperative recurrence of HCC, bambuterol and lovastatin may candidate drugs for treat postoperative recurrence of HCC.
ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the relevant studies about the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and thyroid tumor then further elucidate?the possible mechanism of thyroid tumor formation and progression. Mothods Domestic and international literatures investigating the correlation between PTEN and thyroid tumor were retrieved and reviewed. ResultsThe abnormal expression of PTEN protein resulted by the mutation or methylation of PTEN gene may up-regulate the expression of its downstream effectors such as PI3K, mTOR, FAK, etc. This probably correlate with thyroid neoplasia and progression. Conciusions Abnormalites of PTEN and its downstream signal ways may correlate with the initiation and development of thyroid tumors. However, the specific mechanism still remains unclear and need more further researches
ObjectiveTo explore and hypothesize the potential mechanisms of cancer stem cell(CSC) in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsThe databases of PubMed and CNKI were searched, and relevant literatures were reviewed to draw out systematic hypotheses. ResultsMetastatic cancer stem cell(MCSC) was the subpopulation of CSC with the capacity of metastasis, had still not been well investigated. MCSC transfer was the tendency of migration and planting to specific target tissue by multi-steps of "homing" process. Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer was a simplified "homing" process, and we thinked that the key steps were adhesion, migration, and niche establishment of MCSC in peritoneum. That capturing human MCSC of peritoneal metastases in gastric cancer and identifying its stemness feature to determine high tumorigenicity and high invasive ability of it were the important research fields. ConclusionMCSC might play certain role in multiple processes in peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer, but currently it's lack of relevant researches.
Objective To study the relation between expressions of transforming growth factor β1 （TGF-β1）, transforming growth factor receptor type Ⅰ (TβRⅠ) and cell proliferation, cell cycle in gallbladder carcinomas, to disclose the mechanism of TGF-β1 and TβRⅠin the gallbladder carcinogenesis，and to evaluate their values in the prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas. Methods Thirty five gallbladder carcinomas 〔age （57.94± 4.61） years, 14 male cases and 21 female cases〕 comprised 32 adenocarcinomas, 2 adenosquamous carcinoma and 1 squamous cell carcinomas. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections from gallbladder carcinomas were immunostained with TGF-β1, TβRⅠ, PCNA, cyclin E antibodies by immunochemical assays. Gallbladder adenoma and chronic cholecystitis were collected as non-malignant controls. Patients of gallbladder carcinomas were followed up. Results Positive immunostaining rate of TGF-β1 was 57.14% in gallbladder carcinomas, which was significantly higher than that in gallbladder adenomas and chronic cholecystitis (P＜0.01, respectively). Expression of TGF-β1 was associated with Nevin stage, lymph nodes and distant metastasis (P＜0.05, P＜0.01, respectively). Expression of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with expression of PCNA LI and cyclin E (r=0.523 2, P=0.001 3; r=0.406 5, P=0.015 4), and 34.29% of gallbladder carcinomas were immunostained positively for TβRⅠ. Expression of TβRⅠwas significantly lower in gallbladder carcinomas than that in gallbladder adenomas and cholecystitis (P＜0.05, respectively). It was significantly lower in gallbladder carcinomas patients with lymph nodes and distant metastases than in those without (P＜0.05). Expression of TβRⅠwas negatively correlated with PCNA LI (r=-0.402 4, P=0.016 6). Patients with negative expression of TGF-β1 and/or positive expression of TβRⅠ had significant longer survival rates than those with positive expression of TGF-β1 and/or negative expression of TβRⅠ(P＜0.01, P＜0.05, respectively). Expressions of TGF-β1 and TβRⅠ correlated with prognosis of gallbladder carcinomas closely. Conclusion TGF-β1 and TβRⅠ have close correlation with cell proliferation, cell cycle of gallbladder carcinomas and are important biological markers of carcinogenesis and progress of gallbladder carcinomas. The escape of growth inhibition of TGF-β1 due to low expression of TβRⅠand carcinogenesis of TGF-β1 may play an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis. TGF-β1 and TβRⅠare valuable indices for judging the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.
Objective To explore the etiological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and? the changes of bone on X-ray photography in preschool children in the KBD endemic area. Methods Children of 1-6 years old in Naidang village of Jinchuan county, Sichuan province, China were included; and their wrist and knee joints X-ray photos were collected. The photos were bl indly diagnosed. Results Of the 22 children aged 1-6 years old in the village, 17 were included and another 3 aged 6-8 years old asked for examination. All children showed changes in bone metaphysis around wrist or/and knee joints based on the results of X-ray examination. Conclusion The 20 children in mild type KBD area show common changes in bone metaphysis This result coincides with our hypothesis that hypoplastic cartilage should occur in the population of preschool children in the KBD endemic area.