Objective To systematically review the efficacy of oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the efficacy of different oxygen therapies for DFUs from inception to April 1, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, and GraphPad Prism was used for graphical representations. ResultsA total of 61 RCTs involving 4 306 DFUs cases were included in the analysis. The oxygen therapies examined primarily included hyperbaric oxygen, topical oxygen, and ozone therapy. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy ranked highest for healing rate, area reduction rate, and healing time (SUCRA values were 0.957, 0.868, and 0.869, respectively). However, hyperbaric oxygen therapy also ranked higher for amputation rate and adverse events (SUCRA values were 0.616 and 0.718, respectively). Further subgroup analysis revealed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy maintained the highest ranking in area reduction rate across subgroups defined by publication language and treatment duration. ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen therapy has advantages in terms of healing rate, area reduction rate, and healing time for DFUs, but it is also associated with higher amputation rates and adverse events. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To systematically evaluate risk prediction models for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide a reference for early clinical identification. Methods The literature on the risk prediction models of acute exacerbation of COPD published by CNKI, VIP, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science database was searched in Chinese and English from inception to April 2022, and relevant studies were collected on the development of risk prediction models for acute exacerbations of COPD. After independent screening of the literature and extraction of information by two independent researchers, the quality of the included literature was evaluated using the PROBASTA tool. Results Five prospective studies, one retrospective case-control study and seven retrospective cohort studies were included, totally 13 papers containing 24 models. Twelve studies (92.3%) reported the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve ranging 0.66 to 0.969. Only five studies reported calibrated statistics, and three studies were internally and externally validated. The overall applicability of 13 studies was good, but there was a high risk of bias, mainly in the area of analysis. Conclusions The existing predictive risk models for acute exacerbations of COPD are unsatisfactory, with wide variation in model performance, inappropriate and incomplete inclusion of predictors, and a need for better ways to develop and validate high-quality predictive models. Future research should refine the study design and study report, and continue to update and validate existing models. Secondly medical staff should develop and implement risk stratification strategies for acute exacerbations of COPD based on predicted risk classification results in order to reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations and to facilitate the rational allocation of medical resources.
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic staging and surgery for patients with cervical cancer. Methods We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMbase, CBM (from inception to 2009). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then the quality of included trials was accessed, and the data were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0.2 software. Results Two RCTs involving 120 participants were included. The results of meta-analyses showed laparoscopic surgery, compared with open surgery, shortened postoperative ileus time (MD= –18.20, 95%CI –22.20 to –14.20, Plt;0.001), reduced the postoperative pain (MD= –1.30, 95%CI –1.86, to –0.74, Plt;0.001) and shortened the overall hospital stay (MD= –1.30, 95%CI –1.59 to –1.01, Plt;0.001). Currently, no evidence supported the superiority of laparoscopic surgery on duration of surgery, number of harvested lymph node and intraoperative blood loss over open surgery. Moreover, the laparoscopic surgery neither increased nor decreased the risk of postoperative complications. Conclusion The laparoscopic staging and surgery could shorten the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, shorten hospital stay, reduce pain in patients, but have no advantages in postoperative complications, operative time, number of lymph node biopsy, and intraoperative blood loss, compared with open surgery. However, the evidence is not b enough because of the low quality of the included studies. Thus, more high-quality RCTs are required in future.
ObjectiveTo investigate the specific microRNA (miRNA) in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiations of C3H10T1/2 cells. MethodsC3H10T1/2 cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes.Specific miRNA more than 2 fold change and 2 average normalized probe signal between C3H10T1/2 and C3H10T1/2-derived osteoblast,and between C3H10T1/2 and C3H10T1/2-derived chondrocytes were screened out by miRNA microarray,and verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). ResultsAlkaline phosphatase expression of osteogenic induced group was significantly higher than that of control group at 7 days after induced (P<0.05).RT-qPCR results showed the expressions of Runx2,serine protease (Sp7),collagen type I,and osteopontin (OPN) genes were significantly increased at 7,14,and 21 days after induced when compared with before induced (P<0.05).Western blot results showed the expressions of Runx2,Sp7,collagen type I,and OPN proteins of osteogenic induced group were significantly higher than those of control group at 21 days after induced (P<0.05).The expressions of SOX9,collagen type Ⅱ,Aggrecan,and Has2 were significantly increased at 5,10,and 15 days after induced when compared with before induced (P<0.05).The expressions of SOX9,collagen type 2,Aggrecan,and Has2 proteins of chondrogenic induced group were significantly higher than those of control group at 15 days after induced (P<0.05).Totally,10 osteogenic and 3 chondrogenic miRNA more than 2 fold change and 2 average normalized probe signal were screened out by miRNA microarray.RT-qPCR results of these specific miRNAs were similar to microarray results except miR-455-3p. ConclusionSpecific miRNAs are screened out by microarray and it is a good foundation for the future study on miRNA functional verification and target gene prediction.
ObjectiveTo summarize the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of acral glomus tumor in order to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. MethodsThe clinical data from 70 cases of acral glomus tumor treated between June 2004 and October 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 11 males and 59 females with an average age of 41 years (range, 18-67 years). The disease duration ranged from 4 months to 30 years, with a median duration of 5 years. Sixty-nine cases had solitary tumors and only 1 patient had more than 1 lesion. The tumors were located on the finger in 66 patients (67 fingers) and the toe in 4 patients (4 toes); among them, the subungual glomus tumor happened in 44 patients (44 fingers and 1 toe). All patients suffered from paroxysmal pain and pinpoint pain with positive Love's pin test, and 29 patients (28 fingers and 1 toe) had positive cold sensitivity. Fifty-two patients (48 fingers and 4 toes) were found to have glomus tumor according to the high-frequency color doppler ultrasonography. X-ray films revealed depression on the phalanx in 16 patients (14 fingers and 2 toes). ResultsNo patient suffered from delayed incision healing, and infection after surgical treatment. The follow-up time was from 1 month to 9 years and 2 months with a median follow-up time of 20 months. The clinical symptoms disappeared after surgery with no dysfunction or recurrence. ConclusionThe diagnosis of acral glomus tumor is easy because of the typical symptoms:paroxysmal pain, pinpoint pain, and cold sensitivity. High-frequency color doppler ultrasonography may play an important role in the preoperative assessment of glomus tumors with accurate localization.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions and significance of chemokines factor receptors 4 (CXCR4) and chemokines factor receptors 7 (CXCR7) in gastric cancer tissues. MethodsSixty-five patients with gastric cancer who treated in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2013 were retrospectively collected as gastric cancer group, and 20 patients with gastric ulcer were retrospectively collected as control group at the same time. The expressions of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry, and then the relation-ship among expressions of CXCR4/CXCR7 in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological features of patients with gastric cancer was explored, as well as its effect on survival. ResultsPositive expression rates of CXCR4 and CXCR7 were identi-fied in 80.00% (52/65) and 84.62% (55/65) of the gastric cancer group, and 5.00% (1/20) and 10.00% (2/20) in control group respectively, and the positive expression rates of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those of control group respectively (χ2=36.65, P<0.01; χ2=38.55, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of CXCR4 in gastric cancer tissues was related with degree of differentiation, T staging, and TNM staging (P<0.05), positive expression rate of CXCR4 in patients with poor differentiation, T3-4 staging, and TNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ staging were higher than corresponding patients with moderate/high degree of differentiation, T1-2 staging, and TNM Ⅰ-Ⅱ staging. The positive expression rate of CXCR7 in gastric cancer tissues was related with degree of differentiation, T staging, and N staging (P<0.05), positive expression rate of CXCR7 in patients with poor differentiation, T3-4 staging, and N1-3 staging were higher than corrsponding patients with moderate/high degree of differentiation, T1-2 staging, and N0 staging. The survival situation was worse in patients with positive expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 than corresponding patients with negative expression (P=0.01, P=0.01) respectively. ConclusionsCXCR4 and CXCR7 are related to gastric cancer genesis and development. Furthermore, the expressions of CXCR4 and CXCR7 could be used as markers to predict prognosis of gastric cancer. The regulation of CXCR4/chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) axis and CXCR7/CXCL12 axis may provide a new targeted therapy for patients with gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of exosomes secreted by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells which damaged by blue light to Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP3).MethodsCultured ARPE-19 cells were divided into 2 groups; one group of RPE cells were exposed to blue light irradiation for 6 hours, the other group was cultured in routine environment. Total exosomes were extracted from the two groups by differential ultracentrifugation in low-temperature, and examined by transmission electron microscope to identify their forms. The exosomes were then incubated with normal ARPE-19 cells. The expression level of CD63, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 on the exosome surface were measured by Western blotting. The expressions of NLRP3 mRNA in RPE cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsBlue light damaged the cellular morphology. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the exosomes were 50-200nm in diameter and like double-concave disks. Blue light damaged cell-derived exosomes had significantly higher expression of IL-1β (t=18.04), IL-18 (t=12.55) and caspase-1 (t=14.70) than the control group (P＜0.001). ARPE-19 cells cultured with blue light damaged cell-derived exosomes also had significantly higher expression of IL-1β (t=18.59), IL-18 (t=23.95) and caspase-1 (t=35.27) than control exosomes (P＜0.001). RT-PCR showed that the relative expression of NLRP3 mRNA of PRE cells in experimental group and control group were 1.000±0.069 and 0.2±0.01, respectively, the difference was significant (t=12.20, P＜0.001).ConclusionThe expression IL-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 and NLRP3 mRNA were upregulated by exosomes secreted by blue light damaged-RPE cells.
Objective To investigate the effect of arginase (Arg) inhibitor N-ω-Hydroxy-L nor-Arginine (nor-NOHA) on high glucose cultured rhesus macaque retinal vascular endothelial cell line (RF/6A) in vitro. Methods The RF/6A cells were divided into the following 4 groups: normal control group (5.0 mmol/L of glucose, group A), high glucose group (25.0 mmol/L, group B), high glucose with 125 mg/L nor-NOHA group (group C), and high glucose with 1% DMSO group (group D). The proliferation, migration ability and angiogenic ability of RF/6A cells were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), transwell chamber and tube assay respectively. The express of Arg I, eNOS, iNOS mRNA of RF/6A cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of NO and interleukine (IL)-1b of RF/6A cells. Results The proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability of group A (t=2.367, 5.633, 7.045;P＜0.05) and group C (t=5.260, 6.952, 8.875;P＜0.05) were significantly higher than group B. RT-PCR results showed the Arg I and iNOS expression in group B was higher than that in group A (t=6.836, 3.342;P＜0.05) and group C (t=4.904, 7.192;P＜0.05). The eNOS expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.165, 6.594;P＜0.05). ELISA results showed NO expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.925, 5.368;P＜0.05). IL-1b expression in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (t=5.032, 7.792;P＜0.05). Conclusions Nor-NOHA has a protective effect on cultured RF/6A cells in vitro and can enhance its proliferation, migration and tube formation. The mechanism may be inhibiting the oxidative stress by balancing the expression of Arg/NOS.
Objective To investigate the effects of exosomes from cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells affected by oxidative stress on the proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and Akt of ARPE-19 cells. Methods Culture ARPE-19 cells. The concentration of 2.5 μmol/L rotenone was selected to simulate oxidative stress and isolated ARPE-19-exosome. Exosomes were isolated by ExoQuick exosome precipitation solution. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the morphology of exosomes. Western blot was used to detect exosomes’ surface-specific maker protein CD63. ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress were cultured with exosome as experimental group, normal ARPE-19 cells were cultured with exosome as control group. The cell proliferation was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF-A and Akt protein. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of VEGF-A mRNA and Akt mRNA. Results The diameter of normal ARPE-19-exosomes ranged from 50 to 150 nm. The isolated exosomes expressed CD63. AREP-19 cells were cultured with ARPE-19 (affected by rotenone)-exosome, the cell viability in experimental group was significantly reduced than in the control group. Green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm under fluorescence microscope. Compared with the control group, VEGF-A was up-regulated expressed and Akt was down-regulated expressed. Western blot results showed that, VEGF-A protein expression in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Akt protein expression in the experimental group were less than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=3.822, 6.527;P＜0.05). RT-PCR results showed that VEGF-A mRNA expression levels was higher in the experimental group than the control group. Akt mRNA expression levels was lower in the experimental group than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=8.805, −7.823;P＜0.05). Conclusions Exosomes from ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress inhibit the proliferation of normal ARPE-19 cells, increase the expression of VEGF-A and reduce the expression of Akt.