目的:观察等效剂量瑞芬太尼和芬太尼诱导气管插管对小儿血流动力学的影响。方法:40例择期行全麻患儿随机分为瑞芬太尼组和芬太尼组,麻醉诱导使用咪唑安定0.15mg/kg、丙泊酚2.5mg/kg、芬太尼2.5μg/kg或瑞芬太尼2μg/kg和维库溴铵0.1mg/kg。分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后2min(T1)、插管后1、2min(T2、T3)记录心率、收缩压和舒张压。结果:两组诱导前血流动力学指标相似。与T0时比较,两组患儿T1时收缩压、舒张压均降低(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01),心率均减慢(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01);瑞芬太尼组T2.T3时收缩压、舒张压降低(Plt;0.05或Plt;0.01),心率减慢(Plt;0.05);芬太尼组T2、T3时收缩压、舒张压升高(Plt;0.05),心率增快(Plt;0.05)。与芬太尼组比较,瑞芬太尼组T1、T2和T3时收缩压、舒张压均降低(Plt;0.05),心率减慢(Plt;0.05)。结论:瑞芬太尼比等效剂量芬太尼能更好地抑制小儿全麻诱导气管插管时的心血管反应。
目的:探讨纤维支气管镜(简称纤支镜)肺泡灌洗术在治疗肺部感染性疾病的疗效。方法:共从内科系统中入选社区获得性肺炎和医院获得性肺炎患者122例,将其分为二组,治疗组:传统治疗加纤支镜肺泡灌洗术治疗肺部感染,共52例;对照组:传统方法治疗肺部感染,共70例。结果:两组病例在发热时间,咳嗽,咳痰及肺部罗音消失时间,住院日,抗生素使用时间,治愈率和死亡率方面对比均有显著性差异(Plt;0.05)。结论:纤支镜肺泡灌洗术在治疗肺部感染性疾病的疗效确切,且术中危险性小,值得推广。
Abstract: Objective To investigate the methods of diagnosis and treatment for early and late cheobronchial rupture, in order to improve the understanding of this disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 19 patients treated for traumatic tracheobronchial rupture in our hospital between October 1988 and August 2010. There were 9 males and 10 females with a median age of 28 years (ranged from 8 to 48 years). We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the disease, including clinical presentation, and the results of chest Xrays, computed tomography(CT), and fibrobronchoscopy. There were 2 cases of tracheal repair, 1 case of tracheostomy, 8 cases of bronchial reconstruction, 7 cases of bronchial repair, and 1 case of pneumonectomy. Results Seventeen patients were cured by operation and 2 patients died of multiple organ failure. Blood oxygen saturation resumed normal in most patients after operation (9680%±159% vs. 8840%±390%,Plt;0.01). Postoperative followup time was ranged from 3 to 24 months, and no tracheobronchial stenosis was observed and no patients needed stent or dilatation for treatment. Conclusion The diagnosis of tracheobronchial rupture depends on history of trauma, chest Xray, CT and fibrobronchoscopy results. Surgical treatments should be based on the tracheobronchial reconstruction or repair, and the clinical outcome is satisfying.