Pneumothorax and pulmonary air leakage are common emergency and complication in department of thoracic surgery. The treatment measures of air leakage include conservative observation, needle aspiration, chest tube drainage, surgical operation, and pleurodesis. In selection of treatment methods, there is no unified and feasible standard to choose a reasonable, effective and economic therapeutic regimen. Inapposite treatment will prolong hospitalization days, increase cost, even may lead to death. Therefore, sorting out and summarizing the therapies is vitally important for clinical conduction. We retrieved about 80 reports in PubMed, Sciencedirect, and CNKI while we searched "pneumothorax" or "lung air leakage" and "treatment" as key words or title in recent ten years. We review and summarize the selection and development of them.
ObjectiveTo analyze the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) and the risk factors in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent micro single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).MethodsA total of 158 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent micro single-port VATS in our hospital from April 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively included, including 99 males and 59 females, with an average age of 40.53±9.97 years. The patients were divided into a PPC group (n=21) and a non-PPC group (n=137) according to whether PPC occurred after the operation, and the risk factors for the occurrence of PPC were analyzed.ResultsAll 158 patients successfully completed the micro single-port VATS, and there was no intraoperative death. The postoperative chest tightness, chest pain, and dyspnea symptoms basically disappeared. During the postoperative period, there were 3 patients of pulmonary infection, 7 patients of atelectasis, 4 patients of pulmonary leak, 6 patients of pleural effusion, 1 patient of atelectasis and pleural effusion, and the incidence of PPC was 13.29% (21/158). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lung disease [OR=32.404, 95%CI (2.717, 386.452), P=0.006], preoperative albumin level≤35 g/L [OR=14.912, 95%CI (1.719, 129.353), P=0.014], severe pleural adhesions [OR=26.023, 95%CI (3.294, 205.557), P=0.002], pain grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ 24 hours after the surgery [OR=64.024, 95%CI (3.606, 1 136.677), P=0.005] , age [OR=1.195, 95%CI (1.065, 1.342), P=0.002], intraoperative blood loss [OR=1.087, 95%CI (1.018, 1.162), P=0.013] were the risk factors for PPC after micro single-port VATS.ConclusionThere is a close relationship between PPC after micro single-port VATS and perioperative indexes in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. Clinically, targeted prevention and treatment can be implemented according to the age, pulmonary disease, preoperative albumin level, intraoperative blood loss, degree of pleural adhesion and pain grading 24 hours after surgery.
Surgical treatment is an important treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax, which can remove the gas in the pleural cavity, relieve symptoms, promote lung recruitment, moreover, prevent future recurrence. The surgical modalities included video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and non VATS treatment. Nowadays, the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax has entered a minimally invasive era. With the development of minimally invasive techniques in recent years, as the representative of minimally invasive surgery, the surgeon techniques of VATS has developed to diversity, including three-port VATS, two-port VATS, uniportal VATS, subxiphoid uniportal VATS, 3D VATS, robotic-assisted VAT and cervical uniportal VATS. Each technique has its own advantages and limitations, and individual choices should be made.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single-incision video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) versus conventional three-port VATS for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data from inception to Dec. 2014, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing single-incision VATS and conventional three-port VATS for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 8 cohort studies involving 483 patients were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:Compared with conventional three-port VATS, single-incision VATS had shorter operation time (MD=-3.90, 95%CI -7.22 to -0.58, P=0.02), less amount of intraoperative bleeding (MD=-9.34, 95%CI -15.26 to -3.42, P=0.002), shorter chest drainage time (MD=-0.66, 95%CI -1.02 to -0.29, P=0.000 4), lower VAS score of 24h-postoperative pain (MD=-0.90, 95%CI -1.14 to -0.66, P<0.000 01) and lower incidence of postoperative paresthesia (OR=0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.31, P<0.000 01). Meanwhile, there were no statistical differences between both groups in hospital stay (MD=-0.30, 95%CI -0.63 to 0.03, P=0.08) and the recurrence of pneumothorax (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.25 to 1.83, P=0.53). ConclusionCurrent evidence shows, single-incision VATS is superior to conventional three-port VATS in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. However, due to limited quality and quantity of included studies, more large-scale, high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Autologous blood patch pleurodesis (ABPP) was first proposed in 1987. Now it is mainly used to treat intractable pneumothorax and persistent air leakage after pneumonectomy, and also used to treat pneumothorax in children and other rare secondary pneumothorax. Persistent air leakage and pneumothorax of various causes are essentially alveolar pleural fistula. It can usually be treated by closed thoracic drainage, continuous negative pressure suction and surgery. Pleurodesis is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for patients who have failed conventional conservative treatment and can not receive operations. Compared with other pleurodesis adhesives, autologous blood (ABPP) is safer and more effective, and it is simple, painless, cheap and easy to be accepted by patients. But in the domestic and foreign researches in recent years, many details of ABPP treatment have not been standardized. For further research and popularization of ABPP, this article reviews the detailed regulations, efficacy and safety of this technology.
目的 建立犬开放性气胸海水浸泡的实验模型 ,探讨实验动物早期死亡原因。 方法 2 0条健康成年杂种犬随机分为两组。对照组 :实验动物受伤后直接观察 ;实验组 :动物受伤后置入人工配制的海水中。监测血流动力学、呼吸、血液渗透压、血液电解质、动脉血气变化以及肺部病理改变。 结果 实验组死亡率明显高于对照组 ,平均生存时间为 45分钟。实验组经海水浸泡后有急性呼吸和循环功能衰竭、严重电解质平衡紊乱、高渗血症、重度肺损伤以及严重代谢性和呼吸性酸中毒。 结论 开放性气胸后海水浸泡可引起一系列严重的病理生理变化 ,其结果是导致实验动物早期死亡的重要原因。