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多波长激光治疗伴玻璃体积血的视网膜裂孔

Efficacy and safety of early abdominal paracentesis drainage in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of early abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on the management of SAP via early APD from inception to December 10, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software. ResultsEighteen studies were included, with a total sample size of 2 685 patients. The meta-analysis showed that early APD could decrease mortality (OR=0.49, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.69, P<0.01) and the incidences of multiple organ failure (OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.45 to 0.71, P<0.01), ARDS (OR=0.54, 95%CI 0.41 to 0.71, P<0.01), and infectious complications (OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.57 to 0.92, P<0.01) and also reduce the need for further interventions and the total cost incurred during hospitalization, reduce the length of hospital stay, and reduce the number of days spent in the intensive care unit. However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis between the two groups. ConclusionThe treatment of SAP via early APD, which has high clinical value, could decrease the incidence of multiple organ failure, improve the prognosis of patients, and reduce the associated mortality rate. Moreover, APD does not increase the risk of infection-related complications. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

迷走神经刺激术治疗儿童难治性癫痫的研究进展

癫痫是一种严重威胁人类身心健康的慢性功能性神经疾病，是几个世纪以来困扰医学界的难题之一。药物难治性癫痫以反复癫痫发作为主要特征，通常规范使用 2 种及以上抗癫痫药物（AEDs）症状难以控制，伴有认知功能损害的疾病。迷走神经刺激术（Vagus nerve stimulation，VNS）是一种无需开颅、通过神经调控治疗难治性癫痫的方法，在不损害重要神经功能的前提下，通过手术的方式阻断癫痫发作时电流传导通路，从而减少或者控制癫痫发作，可以降低因痫性放电继发脑损害，进而减少抗癫痫药物使用产生的副作用。自 1997 年美国食品药品监督局批准 VNS 上市应用于治疗癫痫以来，其适应证已经从成人逐步扩展到了儿童。儿童作为癫痫患者的特殊群体，处于生长发育关键期，有效、及时的调控干预可以为患儿中枢神经系统发育创造时机，为难治性癫痫患者治疗提供新思路。文章探讨了 VNS 的年龄适应证以及在不同年龄段儿童中的应用，并对 VNS 在改善儿童认知行为，儿童遗传性癫痫、发育性和癫痫性脑病、儿童结构性病因相关性癫痫治疗的有效性，VNS 使用的安全性和不良反应等方面作一综述。

A controlled study of the silicone stent for treatment of three common benign central airway stenosis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the silicone stent for treatment of three common benign central airway stenosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 40 patients with benign airway stenosis who were treated with a Dumon silicone stent at Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between November 2019 to October 2023, including 14 cases of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) stenosis, 14 cases of stenosis after tracheal intubation,and 12 cases of stenosis after tracheotomy. The clinical data and information on bronchoscopic interventional procedures and related complications were collected and analyzed, for evaluating the short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy and stent-related complications. Results The 40 patients were successfully implanted of silicone stents for 48 times totally. The mMRC score, KPS score, blood oxygen saturation and the diameter of the narrowest airway were significantly improved (P<0.05) after the implantation of silicone stents in all patients. Patients in TBTB group achieved inferior efficacy than those in the other two groups (P<0.05), while there was no significant therapeutic effect between tracheal intubation and tracheotomy groups (P>0.05). The main complications after the implantation of silicone stents were granulation hyperplasia, sputum retention and stent displacement. There were higher incidence rates of granulation hyperplasia and sputum retention in the TBTB group compared with the tracheal intubation and tracheotomy groups (P<0.05 ), while there was no statistically significant difference in incidence rates of granulation hyperplasia and sputum retention between the last two groups. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the proportion of stent displacement among the three groups.Conclusions The efficacy and safety were satisfied in the treatment of the three common benign central airway stenosis,with a recommendation for the treatment of refractory benign airway stenosis. However, the treatment effect of the TBTB group is inferior to that of the tracheal intubation and tracheotomy groups, with higher rates of obvious granulation hyperplasia and sputum retention simultaneously. More detailed follow-up management was recommended for TBTB patients implanted with silicone stents to avoid the development of stent-related minor complications into serious complications with a worse prognosis.

小流量负压引流在腹壁排粪造口旁感染中的应用价值研究（附 18 例病例分析）

目的 研究小流量负压引流装置在严重造口旁感染处理中的可行性与应用效果。 方法 回顾性分析川北医学院附属医院 2013 年 5 月至 2016 年 5 月期间收治的 18 例严重肠造口旁感染患者的临床资料，根据造口旁感染发生后处理方法的不同分为一般换药处理组（简称“换药组”，n=8）和小流量负压引流组（简称“引流组”，n=10），对 2 组的临床治疗效果进行比较。 结果 2 组患者的一般资料如年龄、性别、体质量指数、原发病、造口部位、合并症、感染发生的时间等比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。引流组 10 例患者感染灶内脓液、积液引流效果佳，创面愈合良好，所有感染创口均愈合后患者顺利出院；随访期为 1～36 个月，其中 1 例发生造口旁疝。换药组 8 例患者中 7 例患者感染创面顺利愈合，另有 1 例因感染面积扩大伴局部肠管部分缺血坏死，自发现感染后第 5 天另行肠切除肠造口术，原切口术后经换药处理后于第 10 天愈合出院；随访期为 2～36 个月，无其他并发症发生。引流组患者的造口旁感染病灶愈合时间和总住院时间均明显短于换药组（P<0.05），2 组的并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 从本研究有限的数据初步研究结果来看，小流量负压引流装置在造口旁感染中应用安全、有效，且易于掌握、取材便利。

Leaflet extension in reoperation after tricuspid valve repair in children

Objective To summarize our experience on leaflet extension in reoperation after tricuspid valve repair in children at age≤15 years and to explore the application indicators and skills of this technique. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 23 children who underwent reoperation after tricuspid valve repair in Xinhua Hospital between January 2006 and October 2015. There were 15 males and 8 females with a mean age of 8.7 years, ranging from 5 to 15 years. The leaflet was extended by artificial pericardium patch. After surgery, warfarin anticoagulation therapy was done, and international normalized ratio was maintained 2.0 to 3.0. Results The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 87-132 (98.5±35.7) minutes, and average aortic cross-clamping time was 56-97 (68.40±23.78) minutes. One patient died in hospital. There were 3 patients with complications including respiratory failure in 1 patient, acute renal failure in 1 patient, and right heart insufficiency in 1 patient. All the children cured and were followed up for 5 months to 10 years, with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. One patient died during the follow-up. Six patients suffered mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation and tricuspid valve function of the rest patients was good. No other redo-valve surgery or complications correlated to anticoagulation occurred. Conclusion Leaflet extension in reoperation after tricuspid valve repair in children is useful with optimistic middle to long term efficacy and needs intensive care therapy during the perioperative period.

Balloon angioplasty versus surgery in the treatment of pediatric native coarctation of the aorta: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective A meta-analysis was performed for a comparison of outcomes between surgery and balloon angioplasty (BA) for native coarctation of the aorta (NCA) in pediatric patients. Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMbase, Medline, Cochrane Library, Weipu Data, Wanfang Data and CNKI were searched systematically for the literature aimed mainly at comparing the therapeutic effects for NCA administrated by surgery and BA. Corresponding data sets were extracted and two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality. Results Ten studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, involving a total of 723 subjects. It was observed that compared with BA, surgery was significantly associated with a lower incidence of recoarctation (OR, 0.43; 95%CI, 0.30–0.63; P<0.001), repeat intervention due to recoarctation (OR, 0.40; 95%CI, 0.27–0.61;P<0.001) and lower residual transcoarctation gradient in mid to long term follow up (WMD –0.85; 95%CI, –12.34 to –3.76;P<0.001). Compared with BA, surgery was significantly associated with a longer hospitalization time (WMD, 19.40; 95%CI, 15.82–22.99;P<0.001). Incidence of aneurysm formation (OR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.26–1.57;P=0.33), complications(OR, 1.77; 95%CI, 0.95–3.28; P=0.07), perioperative mortality (OR, 2.57; 95%CI, 0.87–7.61, P=0.09) and immediate transcoarctation residual gradient (WMD –1.66; 95%CI, –4.23–0.90; P=0.2) were not statistically different between surgery and BA. Conclusions Compared with BA, surgery was significantly associated with a lower incidence of recoarctation, repeat intervention due to re-CoA and residual transcoarctation gradient in mid to long term follow up. On the contrary, BA was significantly associated with a shorter hospitalization time. Incidence of aneurysm formation, perioperative mortality, complications and immediate transcoarctation residual gradient were similar between surgery and BA.

Comparative study on safety and effectiveness of gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via transaxillary approach and conventional open thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via transaxillary approach in treating papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). MethodsThe patients who underwent gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy (Abbreviated as the “endoscopic group”) and neck open surgery (Abbreviated as the “open group”), in the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2018 to June 2023, were collected. The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of the patients in the two groups were compared after propensity score matching (PSM). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software, with a test level of α=0.05. ResultsAfter PSM, there were 409 patients in the endoscopic group and 421 patients in the open group. There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05), except for tumor location, vascular invasion, intraglandular dissemination, and preoperative levels of total triiodothyronine and thyroid hormone (P<0.05). Compared with the open group, the patients in the endoscopic group had less intraoperative blood loss (P<0.05), higher points of incision satisfaction and cosmetic effect (P<0.05), but the number of lymph nodes dissected was less (P<0.05) and the operation time was longer (P<0.05) in the endoscopic group. The incidence of postoperative overall complications had no statistically significant difference between the endoscopic group and open group (3.6% versus 5.8%, P=0.127). There was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between the endoscopic group and open group within one year of follow-up (0.2% versus 0.5%, P=0.099). ConclusionsFrom the results of this study, the gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy is safety and reliability in treatment of PTC. It can achieve the same effect as traditional open thyroidectomy. However, it can also be seen that young female patients are more willing to choose gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy as long as their condition permits (such as early tumor stage, low invasiveness).

Establishment of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model for breast cancer based on doctor-patient shared decision-making: a prospective randomized controlled study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment model based on doctor-patient shared decision making on treatment outcomes, quality of life and postoperative complications of breast cancer patients. MethodsA total of 100 breast cancer patients were included in this study through a prospective randomized controlled design, and were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, with 50 patients in each group. The control group received traditional treatment mode, while the intervention group implemented a multidisciplinary treatment mode based on doctor-patient sharing decision making. The results of treatment, quality of life and postoperative complication rate were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe completion rate of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the intervention group was 94.0%, which was higher than that in the control group (80.0%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.037). The satisfaction rate of postoperative breast appearance in the intervention group was 90.0%, which was higher than that in the control group (60.0%), with statistical significance (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ toxicity between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the scores of patients’ quality of life in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the intervention group was 6.0%, which was lower than that in the control group (22.0%), and the difference was statistically (P=0.021). ConclusionsThe application of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model based on doctor-patient sharing decision-making in the treatment of breast cancer patients has significantly improved the treatment effect and quality of life, and effectively reduced the rate of postoperative complications. This model provides a new approach to the treatment of breast cancer that is more personalized, comprehensive and efficient.

Therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy and transpupillary thermotherapy on circumscribed choroid hemangioma

Objective　To observe the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) on circumscribed choroid hemangioma (CCH).Methods　Clinical data of 32 patients (33 eyes) with CCH diagnosed by ocular fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA),optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Bultrasound examination were retrospectively analyzed.Before the therapy the selected cases had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of fingercounting/15 cm-0.2,the sizes of 2-10 disc diameter (DD) and serous retinal detachment.Twentyone patients (22 eyes) whose tumor located at the posterior pole except for the papillomacular bundle and arch ring area underwent TTT.The parameters of TTT included: Iris 810 nm infra red diode laser，7001200 mW,60 s,and 1-3 spots. Eleven patients (11 eyes) with tumor located at the posterior pole except for the papillomacular bundle and arch ring area underwent. After 15 minutes of intravenous injection with Visudyne, laser irradiation with the wavelength of 689 nm was performed with the time of 83-123 s. The followup period was 12-48 months with the mean of 25.6 months.BCVA and results of indirect ophthalmoscopy,fundus photogrphy,FFA,ICGA,OCT and B ultrasound examination were exanmined and anlyzed.Results　In the 22 eyes in TTT group, the BCVA improved in 15 and kept unchanged in 7;the results of fundus examinations showed healed retina and atrophy tumor with greywhite organized scar;the results of FFA revealed no fluorescence leakage and scar fluorescence dyeing of the lesion in later period；the results of OCT indicated disappeared retinal detachment, completely absorbed subretinal liquid and increased reflection of choroid tumor with scar；the results of Bultrasound examination showed no retinal detachment and atrophy tumor.In 11 eyes in PDT group,the BCVA improved in 9, unchanged in 2;the results of fundus examinations showed atrophy tumor with pigmentation；the results of FFA revealed disappeared fluorescence leakage；the results of OCT indicated completely absorbed subretinal liquid；the results of B-ultrasound examination showed atrophy tumor.Conclusions　Both TTT and PDT can make the tumor atrophy,improve BCVA or keep it still;but apply to different area.