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经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药人体药物代谢动力学研究实施体会

经口腔吸入及鼻腔给药的药物制剂日趋增多，通常具有血药浓度低，容易发生沾染，药物吸收入血迅速等特点，根据口、鼻腔给药的特点及影响因素，确保给药剂量的标准化，防止药物沾染是实现此类方式给药的重要问题。结合工作实践，现就经口、鼻腔给药制剂人体药物代谢动力学研究过程中的注意事项予以讨论交流，以供参考。

重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎护理体会

目的总结重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的临床护理方法及疗效。 方法对2008年1月－2013年12月收治的52例重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的护理措施和效果进行回顾性分析。 结果52例患者中治愈34例，好转14例，自动出院2例，死亡2例，治愈好转率92.3%，病死率3.8%。 结论良好的护理措施可改善重型肝炎并发急性胰腺炎患者的预后。

容积输液泵在新药Ⅰ期临床试验中的应用及其护理要点

静脉制剂新药的Ⅰ期临床试验对受试者的给药常常有严格的要求，特别是药物代谢动力学研究，要求同批受试者须在相同的规定时间内匀速输入含相同药物剂量、浓度的等量液体，而容积输液泵的应用为试验顺利实施提供了有力的保障。现就2005年1月以来，开展10项运用容积输液泵给药的Ⅰ期药物代谢动力学研究所取得的经验，重点分析Ⅰ期临床试验中容积输液泵的操作方法和运用过程中的护理工作要点。

Investigation on Health Education Demands of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients

ObjectiveTo investigate the needs for health education in chronic hepatitis B patients, in order to provide a theoretical basis for taking pertinent nursing intervention. MethodsBetween July and December 2011, self-made questionnaires on the needs for health education were used to investigate 70 in-patients with chronic hepatitis B. Meanwhile, factors associated with the needs of health education such as age, education, and the course of the disease were also analyzed. ResultsThe differences in the needs of health education were statistically significant among patients with different cultures, ages, and courses of disease (P<0.01). The needs of health education were correlated with culture, age and courses of disease. ConclusionThere are some deficiencies in the health education for chronic hepatitis B patients. In clinical practice, health education should be multidimensional and continuous based on the age, education degree and the course of the disease.

Investigation and Analysis on the Teaching of Hospital Infection Control and Occupational Protection

【摘要】　目的　了解学生对医院感染职业防护的基础知识的认知程度和学习需求。　方法　2010年3月采用自行设计问卷，对参加《医院感染与职业防护》课程学习的医学学生进行摸底调查。　结果　92.73%不知道标准预防措施和锐器伤后的正确处理方法及补救措施；27.27%不知道抽血时应戴手套；25.45%不清楚医务人员“六步洗手法”；90.91%不知晓工作服应交医院统一洗涤。　结论　学生防护知识薄弱，防护行为不全面、不规范。教学应重点帮助学生树立标准预防观念，掌握正确职业防护知识，在临床工作中以避免和减少各种危险因素的侵袭。【Abstract】　Objective　To examine and evaluate the students’ knowledge and needs in studying hospital infection control and occupational protection.　Methods　Using a self-designed questionnaire in March 2010, we did a survey on students who attended the course of hospital infection control and occupational protection.　Results　Among all the students, 92.73% did not know standard prevention measures, and the correct treatment and remedial measures for sharp injuries; 27.27% did not know gloves should be worn at the time of blood drawing; 25.45% did not know the "six-step" hand-washing; and less than one out of ten students used hospital laundry to wash their uniform.　Conclusions　The students have a low level of relevant knowledge on occupational protection, and their protection behaviors were not complete or standard. Therefore, the teaching should help and support students to have a concept of standard prevention, and acquire sound knowledge and behavior of occupational protection in order to avoid and reduce the risk factors from their future clinical practices.

Research progress of circular RNA in ocular fundus diseases

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new group of endogenous non-coding RNAs produced by back-splicing, which has multiple molecular functions such as acting as microRNA sponges, regulators of transcription and splicing, adaptors for protein-protein interaction. Recent studies have shown that circRNA play an essential role in development and progression of retinal microvascular dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, eye diseases caused by hyperhomocysteine and ocular malignancy. In pathological conditions, the differential expression of circRNA alters the transcription and translation of corresponding genes, thus changing the activity and function of cells. CircRNA may become a new marker and prognostic indicator of fundus diseases, and its targeted intervention may also become a potential treatment for fundus diseases.

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者吸气峰流速影响因素的研究进展

Metrology Research on Biomedical Engineering Publications from China in Recent Years

The present paper is to evaluate the scientific research level and development trends of biomedical engineering in China using metrology analysis on Chinese biomedical engineering scientific literatures. Pubmed is used to search the biomedical engineering publications in recent 5 years which are indexed by Science Citation Index, and the number and cited times of these publications and the impact factor of the journals are analyzed. The results show that comparing with the world, although the number of the publication in China has increased in recent 5 years, there is still much room for improvement. Among Chinese mainland, Hongkong and Taiwan, Chinese mainland maintains the obvious advantage in this subject, but Hongkong has the highest average cited number. Shanghai and Beijing have better research ability than other areas in Chinese mainland.

Key Points of Nursing in Phase Ⅰ Clinical Tolerance Trial of Intravenous Formulation

目的　总结静脉制剂Ⅰ期临床耐受性试验中的护理要点。方法　2011年10月－12月，采用随机、盲法、安慰剂平行对照试验设计，在健康志愿者中按剂量递增原则，逐组完成8个剂量单次静脉滴注给药耐受性试验。 结果　试验顺利完成。静脉制剂的Ⅰ期耐受性试验中，研究护士在临床试验前需认真学习试验方案，做好试验病房、监护急救设施设备的充分准备，针对可能出现的不良反应制定切实可行的处理预案，试验过程中密切监测，对出现的不良反应做好救治工作。特别针对静脉制剂，须做好受试者的心理疏导，保证静脉穿刺一次成功，减少受试者因情绪紧张、穿刺疼痛等因素干扰对试验药物耐受性的评价。 结论　Ⅰ期临床耐受性试验实施前准备充分，试验过程中为受试者提供良好的试验环境和心理护理，提高静脉穿刺一次成功率，密切监测，可使试验过程顺利，并获得客观、准确的试验结果。

医务人员洗手依从性调查及分析

目的 了解感染性疾病中心医务人员洗手依从性情况并进行分析。 方法 根据世界卫生组织 2009 年颁布的《手卫生技术参考手册》中手卫生的 5 个时刻（接触患者前、无菌操作前、体液暴露后、接触患者后和接触患者周围环境后），自行设计洗手依从性执行情况观察表，应用隐蔽观察法，由经过专业培训的医院感染护士，对洗手依从性进行调查，观察应洗手和实际洗手情况，每个观察对象连续观察 20 min 以上，记录其洗手情况。 结果 传染科医务人员洗手依从性有待提高，其中医生、护士均在接触血液、体液后的洗手依从率较高（医生为 92.31%，护士为 97.22%），两者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；接触环境后最低（医生为 41.67%，护士为 70.37%），两者比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在接触患者前、无菌操作前、接触环境后的观察中，护士的洗手依从率均高于医生，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；虽然接触患者后，护士洗手依从率高于医生，但两者比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在调查的 73 名医务人员的洗手正确率中，副主任医生、主治医生和主管护士均为 100.00%，护师为 91.67%，护士为 77.22%，住院医生为 66.67%，实习医生为 58.33%，实习护士为 50.00%。 结论 医务人员洗手依从性较低，在临床工作中，应加强各级医务人员手卫生相关知识培训，提高洗手依从性及正确性；同时加强管理，端正态度，提高意识，培养慎独精神，从而有效地切断传播途径，最终降低医院感染的发生。