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胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘及预防

【摘要】　胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后最常见最严重的并发症之一，如何有效预防胰瘘是保证手术成功、降低患者病死率的重要环节。现就胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生及其预防作一综述。

慢性胰腺炎的疼痛及其治疗策略

包裹性胰腺坏死被误诊为胰腺囊实性肿瘤的原因分析：附 12 例报道

目的 探讨包裹性胰腺坏死（walled-off pancreatic necrosis，WOPN）误诊为胰腺囊实性肿瘤（pancreatic cystic neoplasm，PCN）的原因。 方法 回顾性分析 2009–2013 期间华西医院胰腺外科收治的术前诊断为胰腺 PCN 而术后病理学诊断为 WOPN 的 12 例患者的临床资料。 结果 12 例患者术前诊断为胰腺 PCN，而术后病理学诊断为 WOPN。其中女 2 例，男 10 例；年龄 36～68 岁、（47.1±10.7）岁；病程 0.5～48.0 个月，中位数为 1.0 个月；主要临床表现：腹痛 12 例，体质量减轻 7 例；术前 1 例总胆红素水平增高，2 例血淀粉酶水平增高，4 例癌胚抗原（CEA）水平增高，4 例 CA19-9 水平增高，4 例 CA-125 水平增高。8 例行腹部增强 MRI 检查，7 例行腹部增强 CT 检查，1 例行正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET-CT）检查，提示 7 例包块位于胰头，5 例位于胰尾；肿块最大径 1.8～11.0 cm、（4.9±2.9）cm，其中 4 例最大直径超过 5 cm；3 例腹腔内发现肿大淋巴结；4 例肿块内部分隔；8 例呈类肿瘤表现。 结论 WOPN 与 PCN 的鉴别需要根据临床、实验室检查及影像学特点进行综合判断，影像学检查是主要的鉴别方法，但同时也是误诊的主要原因。此外，男性患者可能更易误诊。

Application of multi-subjects and multi-modes intervention in the enhanced recovery afterpancreaticoduodenectomy

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative period of pancreatoduodenectomy. Methods This article conducted the forward-looking analysis on the information of 227 patients undergoing the pancreatoduodenectomy in West China Hospital from January 2016 to June 2017, and then compared the differences between the patients subjected to ERAS (ERAS group) and thosesubjected to regular measures (control group) with respect to time of setting in sickbed, time of mobilizing out ofsickbed, time of starting drink water, time of resumption of diet, exhaust time, defecation time, the time of nasogastric tube, postoperative hospitalization duration and expenses, postoperative complications, and postoperative pain scores. Results ① Postoperative indexes: by comparison of the ERAS group and the control group, it was found that the ERAS group had shorter (or lower) time of setting in sickbed, time of mobilizing out of sickbed, time of starting drink water, time of resumption of diet, exhaust time, defecation time, the time of nasogastric tube, postoperative hospitalization duration and expenses (P<0.05). ② Postoperative complications: of all postoperative complications, including pancreatic fistula, postoperative hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, abdominal infection, incision complication, lung infection, and heart complication were without statistically significant differences (P>0.05) between the 2 groups.③ Reoperation and readmission: there was no significant difference on the incidences of reoperation and readmission between the 2 groups (P>0.05). ④ Postoperative pain scores: except 22 : 00 of the 6-day after operation, the pain scores in the ERAS group were all lower than those in the control group at 2 h and 8 h after operation, and the time points of 1–6 days after operation (8 : 00, 16 : 00, and 22 : 00), with statistically differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Without increasing the incidence of complications, ERAS may speed up the rehabilitation of patients undergoing the pancreatoduodenectomy and mitigate the pain of patients.

48例肝损伤的诊治体会

胰腺癌可切除性的评估标准及其演变

Research progress on cholesterol metabolism in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

ObjectiveTo summarize the remodeling of cholesterol metabolism in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and to review the research progress on targeted cholesterol metabolism in the treatment of PDAC. MethodRelevant literatures on cholesterol metabolism in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis and treatment of PDAC in recent years were searched and reviewed. ResultsMetabolites of PDAC tumor cells affected the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Signaling regulation within tumor cells affects cholesterol metabolism, characterized by increased de novo cholesterol synthesis and esterification, and reduced efflux. Tumor cells also regulated tumor immune microenvironment or tumor stroma formation through cholesterol metabolism. Inhibiting cholesterol metabolism could suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration of PDAC tumor cells, and combination therapy targeting cholesterol metabolism had a synergistic anti-PDAC effect. ConclusionsRemodeling of cholesterol metabolism occurs in both PDAC tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, and treatment response of PDAC. Targeting cholesterol metabolism or combined application with chemotherapy drugs can have anticancer effects. However, more research is needed to support the translation of cholesterol metabolism regulation into clinical treatment applications.

Recent advances on risk prediction of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy using medical imaging

ObjectiveTo summarize the current status and update of the use of medical imaging in risk prediction of pancreatic fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodA systematic review was performed based on recent literatures regarding the radiological risk factors and risk prediction of pancreatic fistula following PD.ResultsThe risk prediction of pancreatic fistula following PD included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative aspects. Visceral obesity was the independent risk factor for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). Radiographically determined sarcopenia had no significant predictive value on CR-POPF. Smaller pancreatic duct diameter and softer pancreatic texture were associated with higher incidence of pancreatic fistula. Besides the surgeons’ subjective intraoperative perception, quantitative assessment of the pancreatic texture based on medical imaging had been reported as well. In addition, the postoperative laboratory results such as drain amylase and serum lipase level on postoperative day 1 could also be used for the evaluation of the risk of pancreatic fistula.ConclusionsRisk prediction of pancreatic fistula following PD has considerable clinical significance, it leads to early identification and early intervention of the risk factors for pancreatic fistula. Medical imaging plays an important role in this field. Results from relevant studies could be used to optimize individualized perioperative management of patients undergoing PD.

罕见阑尾畸形1例报告

Surgical resection of space occupying with extensive calcification of pancreatic head

ObjectiveTo estimate the prognosis of duodenum-preserving resection of pancreatic head (DPRPH) in the treatment of space occupying with extensive calcification of pancreatic head, and to summarize the key points of surgery.MethodsThe clinical data of a middle-aged woman with rare space occupying with extensive calcification of pancreatic head who underwent surgery in Department of Pancreatic Surgery of West China Hospital in May. 2016 was collected and analyzed.ResultsThe DPRPH operation was successfully completed, with the operative time was 207 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 130 mL, and the hospital stay was 12 d. Removing time of the gastric tube and off-bed activity were on the 3rd day after operation, and the volume of peritoneal drainage per day was decreasing from 30 mL to 10 mL until 7th day after operation. We made examination of serum amylase and fluid amylase for the patient every 2 days, and the examination indexes were within normal level. After removing the peritoneal drainage tube, the pain was obviously relieved on the 12th day after operation, then the patient made hospital discharge. There was no observable pancreatic fistula, duodenal fistula, biliary fistula, delay gastric emptying, peritoneal effusion, pleural effusion, abdominal infection, and abdominal bleeding, neither nor any special discomfort. During the follow-up period of 18 months, we got a good prognosis without any symptom of relapse or discomfort according to the result of CT scans and other examinations.ConclusionDPRPH can make a satisfied prognosis in the treatment of rare space occupying with extensive calcification of pancreatic head.