Objective To discuss whether age has an influence on short-term effect of intersphincteric resection (ISR) for elderly (≥75 years old) patients with ultra-low rectal or canal cancer or not. Methods From February 2016 to February 2017, 196 patients with ultra-low rectal or canal cancer received ISR in the Gastrointestinal Surgery Center of West China Hospital were eligible to include in this study, then they were divided into ≥75 years old group and <75 years old group according to the patients’ age. The intraoperative index, postoperative index, and complications rate were compared between these two groups. Results There were 113 cases in the ≥75 years old group, 83 cases in the <75 years old group, the baselines such as the gender composition, body mass index, tumor histology type, differentiation degree, tumor size, and distance from the anal margin had no significant differences ( P>0.05), but the preoperative anaesthetized ASA grade, proportions of pulmonary insufficiency, hypoproteinemia, anemia, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiac insufficiency of the ≥75 years old group were significantly higher than those of the <75 years old group (P<0.05). The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and total complications rate had no differences between these two groups (P>0.05), the first exhaust time, the first eating time, the first defecation time, the first ambulation time, and hospitalization time of the ≥75 years old group were significantly longer than those of the <75 years old group (P=0.023, 0.037, 0.019, 0.020, and 0.012, respectively). There were no significant differences in the incidences of the anastomotic leakage, perianal infection, intestinal obstruction, and wound infection between these two groups (P>0.05). All the 196 patients were followed-up with an average follow-up of 7 months, there were 4 cases of recurrent patients, of which 3 were in the ≥75 years old group and 1 in the <75 years old group; there were 3 cases of death, of which 2 were in the ≥75 years old group and 1 in the <75 years old group. Conclusions Short-term recovery of elderly patients with ultra-low rectal or canal cancer is slower than younger patients because of poor preoperative conditions. ISR surgery is still safe and effective for elderly patients with ultra-low rectal or canal cancer and postoperative complications rate has no obvious increase, but it needs a surgeon’s skilled operation technology and multi-disciplinary team cooperation.
截至2002年7月,急性心肌梗塞(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)治疗的临床证据如下:(1)改善AMI预后的证据:①血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI):1篇概述和1个(AMI 36 h到14 d内接受治疗的患者)系统评价发现,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和安慰剂相比,患者30 d后的死亡率明显减少;血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和安慰剂相比,显著增加了持续低血压和肾功能不全.血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂是提供给每一位存在AMI的患者,还是仅提供给有心衰征象的患者,目前尚无定论.②阿司匹林:1个系统评价发现,阿司匹林与安慰剂相比,能明显减少1个月时的死亡率、非致死性再梗塞以及非致死性中风.③β受体阻滞剂:2个系统评价和1个后来的RCT发现,在AMI数小时内给予β受体阻滞剂与对照比较,显著减少死亡率和再梗塞率.溶栓治疗的RCT发现,美托洛尔的及时使用与延后使用相比,明显减少患者6 d后再梗塞率以及复发的胸痛,但使用该药6 d和1年间的死亡率没有显著差异.1个研究比较了在近期有心肌梗塞并且左室射血分数小于40%,或者基本没有接受溶栓治疗的患者中使用卡维地洛与安慰剂的RCT发现,尽管单独的死亡率和复发性非致死性AMI在卡维地洛组中明显较低,但1.3年后各种原因的死亡率以及由于心血管事件住院的联合终点并没有差异.④钙离子拮抗剂:9个RCT发现,在AMI头几天范围内,二氢吡啶和维拉帕米与安慰剂相比并不降低死亡率.1个左心衰的RCT发现有限的证据表明,在AMI的头几天给予硝苯地平与安慰剂比较可能会增加死亡率.⑤糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲ a拮抗剂:2个大型的RCT发现,在AMI患者中联合使用半剂溶栓剂和阿昔单抗与使用全剂量的溶栓剂相比,并没有减少1个月时的死亡率,但可预防非致死性的心血管事件;用阿昔单抗联合治疗增加了出血并发症,特别是颅外的出血.3个RCT发现,尽管加用阿昔单抗增加了出血的危险,但将阿昔单抗加到AMI患者最初的冠脉成型术或者支架中的益处仍有争议.⑥溶栓之外的硝酸盐制剂:2个溶栓时期使用硝酸盐与安慰剂的RCT发现,死亡率没有显著差异.⑦没有溶栓时的硝酸盐制剂:1个在溶栓时代前所做试验的系统评价发现,硝酸盐较安慰剂显著降低AMI患者的死亡率.⑧早期的经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与溶栓比较(在专业中心完成):2个系统评价发现,早期的经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与早期的溶栓相比明显降低了急性心肌梗塞患者的死亡率以及30 d的再梗塞率.在非专业中心开展的有关比较经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与溶栓的试验结果尚不清楚.⑨溶栓:1篇研究对象为AMI患者以及最初的心电图上存在ST段上抬或者束支传导阻滞的患者的试验的概述发现,及时的溶栓治疗(症状发作后的6 h内或许到12 h或者更长)与安慰剂比较显著降低短期内的死亡率;溶栓与对照相比明显增加了中风和大出血的危险.不同类型的溶栓剂之间相互比较的RCT的Meta分析发现,死亡率没有显著差异.(2)AMI继发心源性休克的预后证据:①早期侵入性的心脏血管重建:1个以AMI 48 h内发生心源性休克患者为研究对象的RCT发现,早期侵入性的心脏血管重建与最初的单独药物治疗相比显著降低了6～12 d后的死亡率.1个样本含量较小的RCT也得出了相似的结果,但差异并不显著.②主动脉内的球囊反搏术:1个在AMI后的心源性休克患者中将主动脉内的球囊反搏术加溶栓与单用溶栓作比较的RCT摘要发现,6个月后的死亡率没有显著差异.③1个来自比较溶栓与不溶栓的RCT的AMI后心源性休克患者的亚组分析发现,21 d后的死亡率没有显著差异.④在心脏移植、早期心脏手术、正性肌力药和血管扩张剂、肺动脉插管及左心室支持系统方面,尚未发现有关这些干预措施效果的RCT证据.
OBJECTIVE: To explore a method to treat the mostly-isolated finger with its bilateral arteria injury without microsurgery. METHODS: To avoid exacerbating iatrogenically the wound, the methods of therapy mainly included the following procedures: debriding carefully, suturing the cutis and subcutaneous layer to fix internally the fracture without Kirschner wire, and not suturing the broken finger nerve or the broken tendon which had rebound. It was used in the emergency operation. After operation, heat therapy and Anisodamine were used to dilate capillary and micrangium of the unbroken soft tissue of the wounded finger, which was anatomically the only base of blood supply of pars of the wounded finger. RESULTS: In the 34 cases, main blood supply of the wounded finger was restored. The wound healed well in 28 cases. In 6 cases of necrosis in the edge of the wound, the necrosis were excised and the cicatricial healing was achieved. In 31 patients followed up, after the fracture had healed, the nerve and tendon were repaired. CONCLUSION: The methods above should be available for the mostly-isolated finger, especially in a hospital without microsurgery.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of topoisomerase typeⅡA (TOP2A)to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2/neu), and the therapeutic prediction of TOP2A in clinical chemotherapy for breast cancer. MethodThe Cochrane, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CNKI, and WANFANG data were retrieved to get the related literatures about TOP2A and the effect of anthracycline-based drugs. ResultsThe TOP2A gene and HER2 gene were all located in 17q21, the TOP2A gene was a downstream gene of the HER2 gene. There was some relationship of the HER2 to TOP2A gene abnormality. There was some controversy about HER2 and TOP2A on anthracycline regimens reaction. It was generally accepted that the status of TOP2A gene for predicting the effect of patients with anthracycline regimens might be more precise. There was inconsistency between the gene amplification and overexpression of TOP2A, which was two different biological behaviors, and which might be the characteristics of different molecular subtypes. In terms of the present study, a plenty of clinical researches could illustrate that TOP2A was an important target of anthracycline. But anthracycline-based drugs could induce the apoptosis of the cell through various mechanisms, so the anthracyclinebased drugs killed tumor cells in breast cancer needed not inhibit TOP2A, might be more complex than previously predicted. ConclusionsTOP2A is an important target of anthracycline. But it seems to be limited only by observing the TOP2A for predicting curative effect of anthracycline-based drugs.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and short-term outcome of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) for the middle-lower rectal cancer in municipal hospital.MethodsThe pathological data of 94 patients with middle-lower rectal cancer (49 cases underwent laparoscopic TME, while 45 cases received open TME), who treated in The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang from Jan. 2015 to Jun. 2017, were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsTwo patients (4.1%) in laparoscopy group were converted to open surgery. Compared with the laparotomy group, the laparoscopic group had significantly less volume of intraoperative bleeding, shorter abdominal incision, earlier time to the first flatus and liquid diet, and lower rate of 30-day postoperative complication (P<0.05), but had longer operative time (P=0.033). While there were no significant difference on postoperative stay, the specimen length, distal margin, and number of harvested lymph nodes between the 2 groups (P>0.05).ConclusionLaparoscopic TME is a feasible, safe, and minimally invasive technique for middle-lower rectal cancer, and produce more favourable short-term outcome than open surgery in municipal hospital.
ObjectiveTo summarize clinical application progress of stereotactic radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. MethodsThe literatures about the research progress of the stereotactic radiotherapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma were reviewed. ResultsRadiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma is importantly based on the radiation biology of the liver and the radiophysics of the liver cancer. Stereotactic precision radiotherapy is an effective and low toxic treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma, moreover, it alone or in combination with microwave ablation, hepatic artery chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is safe and effective method for the treatment. ConclusionsThe optimal dose model for hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma radical dose level are problems that need further exploration, and radiobiology, radiation physics research must be strengthened to explore it, stereotactic precision radiotherapy treatment modalities in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma position will become increasingly people attention.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of whole lung lavage in the treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis ( PAP) .Methods Twelve patients who were diagnosed as PAP from September 2008 to October 2011 in Hunan Occupational Disease Hospital were recruited in the study. The changes of dyspnea symptom, lung-function, arterial blood gas, and chest image were compared before and after whole lung lavage treatment. Meanwhile, the safety of lung lavage was evaluated. Results All patients were relieved from dyspnea. The lung function, hypoxia, hyperventilation, and chest image were all obviously improved. The vital signs in the process of lung lavage were stable without serious complications. Conclusion Whole lung lavage is an effective and safe treatment for PAP.