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find Keyword "精神障碍" 19 results
  • 酒精所致精神障碍患者临床特征分析

    目的 讨论酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床特点,为临床护理提供依据。 方法 对2010年1月-12月出院的160例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊断标准的酒精所致精神障碍患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 酒精所致精神障碍患者以男性为主,且多为青壮年;常发病者的饮酒年限>10年;职业以无业、职员、工人居多,其受教育程度偏低;常伴有躯体及精神方面的损害。 结论 长期大量饮酒可导致全身各系统不同程度受到损害,其晨饮及空腹饮酒导致消化系统疾病的发生率最高;酒精是细胞毒性物质,造成的损害是不可逆的,因此提倡合理、健康的饮酒。

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  • 监狱精神卫生工作研究现状

    精神卫生作为重要的公共卫生问题,受到了广泛关注。而精神障碍是监狱里最主要的犯病因素,大约超过90%的罪犯患有精神障碍。2013年5月1日中国颁布实施的《精神卫生法》,明确界定了监狱精神卫生工作内容及职责,规定了监狱对精神障碍罪犯负有的责任,为监狱精神卫生工作的建设指明了方向。现就国内外监狱精神卫生工作研究现状作一综述,以期为新形势下中国监狱精神卫生工作提供相关参考。

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  • Person imagery in drawing tests in screening for mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    ObjectiveTo integrate person imagery from drawing tests in screening for mental disorders through meta-analysis to identify indicators that can effectively predict mental disorders. MethodsA computerized search of CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases was conducted to collect studies related to mental disorders and drawing tests, with a search timeframe of the period from the creation of the database to May 8, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using CMA 3.0 after two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information, and assessed the risk of bias. ResultsA total of 43 studies were included, with 791 independent effect sizes and 8 444 subjects. Meta-analysis revealed that a total of 29 person imagery traits significantly predicted mental disorders, which could be categorized into 7 types according to the features: absent, bizarre, blackened, simplified, static, detailed, and holistic. The subgroup analysis revealed that the specific indicators of affective disorders included "excessive separation among items", "oversimplified person", "rigid and static person" and "hands behind the back". The specific indicators of thought disorders were "absence of limbs", "absence of facial features" and "disproportionate body proportions". Moreover, there were seven common indicators of mental disorders, including "oversimplified drawing", "very small drawing", "very small person", "weak or intermittent lines", "single line limb", "absence of hands or feet" and "no expression or dullness''. ConclusionThe findings could provide a reference standard for selection and interpretation of drawing indicators, promote standardization of the drawing test, and enhance the accuracy of results in screening for mental disorders.

    Release date:2024-12-27 01:56 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 体外循环心脏直视手术后并发精神障碍的临床分析

    目的 探讨体外循环心脏直视手术后并发精神障碍的病因和防治措施,以减少术后精神障碍并发症的发生。 方法 对1998年1月至2007年5月收治的45例体外循环心脏直视术后发生精神障碍患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析其危险因素、临床表现、防治措施和预后。 结果 45例患者经积极治疗,精神症状大多在4d内痊愈,且无复发。术后死亡2例,其中1例双瓣膜置换术患者术后3d死于低心排血量,1例于冠状动脉旁路移植术后8d死于以肾功能衰竭为主的多器官功能衰竭。随访29例,随访率67.4%(29/43),随访时间2~43个月(21.5±7.8个月),无精神障碍复发者;失访14例。 结论 体外循环心脏直视手术后精神障碍的发生是由于病理生理、环境、个体因素等多种因素作用的结果,应采取综合防治措施。

    Release date:2016-08-30 06:04 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The interaction mechanism of mental disorders and diabetes and the current status of intervention

    The interaction mechanism between mental disorders and diabetes is complex, involving genetics, endocrine metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and other aspects, which makes it difficult to treat patients with mental disorders complicated by diabetes. Such patients mostly use drugs and non-drug interventions to relieve symptoms of mental disorders and improve blood sugar levels, but the mechanism of mental disorders and diabetes needs to be systematically summarized and needs practical means to intervene. This article starts with the pathogenesis of diabetes and then describes the interaction mechanism of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and diabetes in detail. Finally, the intervention measures for patients with mental disorders complicated by diabetes are summarized, which aims to provide a reference for medical staff engaged in related work.

    Release date:2021-08-24 05:14 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • A method of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph

    The causes of mental disorders are complex, and early recognition and early intervention are recognized as effective way to avoid irreversible brain damage over time. The existing computer-aided recognition methods mostly focus on multimodal data fusion, ignoring the asynchronous acquisition problem of multimodal data. For this reason, this paper proposes a framework of mental disorder recognition based on visibility graph (VG) to solve the problem of asynchronous data acquisition. First, time series electroencephalograms (EEG) data are mapped to spatial visibility graph. Then, an improved auto regressive model is used to accurately calculate the temporal EEG data features, and reasonably select the spatial metric features by analyzing the spatiotemporal mapping relationship. Finally, on the basis of spatiotemporal information complementarity, different contribution coefficients are assigned to each spatiotemporal feature and to explore the maximum potential of feature so as to make decisions. The results of controlled experiments show that the method in this paper can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of mental disorders. Taking Alzheimer's disease and depression as examples, the highest recognition rates are 93.73% and 90.35%, respectively. In summary, the results of this paper provide an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of mental disorders.

    Release date:2023-08-23 02:45 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Rapunzel 综合征一例

    Release date:2024-02-29 12:03 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 对苯丙胺类兴奋剂所致精神障碍患者的护理

    目的 总结苯丙胺类兴奋剂(ATS)所致精神障碍患者的临床护理措施。 方法 对2010年4月-12月收治的100例ATS所致精神障碍患者的临床特点与护理经验进行回顾分析,通过加强对戒断症状及精神症状的评估与处理,有效控制其临床风险;通过系统的心理护理增强患者治疗的信心与依从性;并结合电针灸治疗缓解患者躯体不适。 结果 100例患者症状得到明显改善,临床痊愈76例,无并发症及职业暴露发生。 结论 积极有效的护理措施和标准化职业防护策略,是促进兴奋剂所致精神障碍患者临床康复及医护人员有效降低职业暴露风险的重要因素。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Efficacy of different drugs for patients with methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorders: a network meta-analysis

    ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of different drugs for patients with methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorders by network meta-analysis.MethodsAn electronical search was conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP databases from inception to October 2016 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about different drugs for methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorders. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of included studies, and then RevMan 5.3, R 3.3.2 and JAGS 4.2.0 softwares were used to perform network meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 16 RCTs involving 1 676 patients and 9 kinds of drugs were included. The results of network meta-analysis showed that: compared with the placebo group, olanzapine (OR=28.00, 95%CI 8.10 to 110.00), risperidone (OR=20.00, 95%CI 7.70 to 58.00), quetiapine (OR=30.00, 95%CI 6.60 to 160.00), ziprasidone (OR=28.00, 95%CI 3.70 to 230.00), chlorpromazine (OR=29.00, 95%CI 5.00 to 200.00), aripiprazole (OR=13.00, 95%CI 1.70 to 93.00), haloperidol (OR=19.00, 95%CI 2.10 to 190.00) could significantly improve the psychotic disorders of patients with methamphetamine, respectively, in which quetiapine was the best choice. There were no significant differences between any other pairwise comparisons of these different drugs.ConclusionFor the treatment of psychotic disorders caused by methamphetamine, quetiapine should be of a priority choice, follows by ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole or haloperidol in a descending priority. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify above conclusion.

    Release date:2017-07-19 10:10 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Related Factors and Nursing Countermeasures for Psychonosema in Postoperative Laryngeal Cancer Patients

    ObjectiveTo explore the related factors and nursing countermeasures for psychonosema in postoperative laryngeal cancer patients. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of eight patients who accepted laryngectomy and developed psychonosema from January 2008 to April 2013. The related factors for psychonosema in these patients were analyzed and nursing countermeasures were summarized. ResultsEight patients had different degree of psychonosema, and it was correlated with psychological factors, various channels of undesirable stimulation, sleep disorders, drug and other factors. After treatment and careful nursing, within three to seven days, all patients' abnormal mental symptoms were alleviated, and all of them were discharged. ConclusionThere are many factors which can cause psychonosema after laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma. Medical staff should try to reduce or avoid inducing factors. Once it happens, medical staff should carry out psychiatric treatment in time to avoid accidents and promote the rehabilitation of patients.

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