目的:比较优泌乐(赖脯胰岛素)与优泌林R(常规人胰岛素)改善餐后2 h血糖波动疗效。方法:报道本院369例糖尿病患者强化治疗。结果:优泌乐治疗组餐后2 h血糖水平及血糖波动均显著降低,且无任何显著性不良事件或持久性低血糖发生.结论:优泌乐能够快速有效控制2型糖尿病患者的餐后血糖,方便患者,顺应性好,获得患者的喜爱。
Purpose To clarify the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and maculopathy (DM) and explore the clinical implication of independent graduation of DM. Methods Fundus fluorescein angiography and routine ophthalmological examination were performed on 582 cases of diabetes.Their ocular fundi and macular impairments were graded. Results In general,the severity of diabetic macular impairment was accompanied by retinal involvement,but discrepancy existed between DM and DR.Degree I DM occurred in 5.4% (16/294) among cases without DR,in stage IV DR,degree Ⅲ DM accounted for the most part ,54.5% (116/213).There were still 5.1% (2/39) cases without DM in stage Ⅴ DR. Conclusion The degree of the macular lesions in DM is often not in parallel with the gradation of general affections in retinal tissue other than in macular region in DR,therefore,independentg radation of diabetic maculopathy has its clinical significance for choosing the optimal period of treating maculopathy and preserving the macular function. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:153-154)
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of interactive message management on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsCNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, Web of Science, PubMed and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of T2DM with interactive message intervention from inception to May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using Revman5.3 software.ResultsA total of 17 RCTs involving 1 827 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed that compared with routine management, interactive message combined with routine management was associated with improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol in T2DM patients. However, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein were not improved. ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that interactive message combined with routine management can significantly reduce blood glucose level, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol in T2DM patients. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
Objectives To systematically analyze the effect of high-intensity and low-intensity resistance training on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of science, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chongqing VIP were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of resistance training intervention in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 28, 2021, and the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 415 patients in 8 articles were included in this study. A subgroup analysis based on control measures showed that compared with the resistance training group, the HbA1c level effect value of the non- training group was weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.54% [95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.06%, −0.03%), P=0.04)], the HbA1c level effect value of the flexibility training group was WMD=−0.47% [95%CI (−1.05%, 0.12%), P=0.12], the HbA1c level effect value of the aerobic training group was WMD=−0.10% [95%CI (−0.71%, 0.51%), P=0.75]. Subgroup analysis of resistance strength showed that compared with the flexibility or non-resistance training group, both high-intensity [WMD=−0.99%, 95%CI (−1.16%, −0.81%), P<0.00001] and low- and medium-intensity resistance training [WMD=−0.29%, 95%CI (−0.58%, −0.01%), P=0.05] can reduce HbA1c. Compared with the high-intensity resistance training, the HbA1c level effect value of the low- and medium-intensity resistance training was WMD=0.03% [95%CI (−0.33%, 0.39%), P=0.88]. Compared with the low- and medium-intensity resistance training, the HbA1c level effect value of the low- and medium-intensity aerobic training was WMD=−0.10% [95%CI (−0.71%, 0.51%), P=0.75]. Among all the included studies, only the high-intensity resistance training group reported multiple adverse events.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that elderly patients with type 2 diabetes are more suitable to choose low-to-medium-intensity resistance training to control HbA1c. It is recommended that elderly patients with type 2 diabetes take 60% to 75% of the maximum muscle strength of medium-intensity resistance training.
Objective To observe the morphological changes of dendrite and soma in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which subsisted in early diabetic rats. Methods The RGCs of 3-months-course diabetic rats and coeval normal rats were marked by gene gun techniques. To collect RGCs photographs by Leica microscope with Z axis and CCD camera；to observe the changes of diameter, variance of structural features in dendritic field and somata after classification which according to the size and morphology. Thy-1 antibody marks on the retinal RGCs, taking a photograph under fluorescent microscope, counting the changes of retinal RGCs density in early diabetic rat. Results In three-month diabetic rats,the density of retinal RGCs was decreased obviously. Morphological changes of RGCs in the dendritic fields were observed with gene gun technique. There was no severe variation in all kinds of the bole of cell dendrite, in which some only showed crispation partially and sparseness also twisting in the dendritic ramus. The mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class A of diabetic rats was (401plusmn;86) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field in control group was (315plusmn;72) mu;m,compared with each other, there is statistically significant differences (t=21.249，Plt;0.001); the mean diameter of soma in class A of diabetic rats was (24plusmn;6) mu;m, the mean diameter of soma in control group was (22plusmn;5) mu;m, compared with each other, there is no statistically significant differences (t=0.927，Pgt;0.05); the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class B of diabetic rats were (170plusmn;36)、(14plusmn;2) mu;m respectively, in control group were (165plusmn;36)、(16plusmn;2) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class C of diabetic group were(265plusmn;78)、(17plusmn;5) mu;m respectively, in control group were (251plusmn;57)、(17plusmn;4) mu;m , compared with each other, there are on statistically significant differences(t=1.357，0.798，0.835，1.104，Pgt;0.05). Conclusions In short-term diabetes, the survived RGCs show good plasticity in adult diabetic rats, especially in class A. The changes of dendrites were more sensitive than the soma, which could be the leading index of the morphologic changes of RGCs in the early stage. The good plasticity showed by the RGCs and the time window from changing in dendrite to cell death provide us many evidences not only for the research but also for the nerve protection in clinic. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:249-254)
Purpose To investigate the effects of intervention with Tanakan on anterior ocular segment in diabetic retinopathy (DR) after retinal photocoagulation． Methods Prospective random controlled study was performed on 72 patients (72 eyes) with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),by obtaining and quantitatively analyzing the changes of anterior ocular segment including anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, ciliary body and choroids before and the 3rd day and the 7th day after retinal photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, significant elev ated IOP and narrowed chamber angle were observed in control group and 4 eyes (1 1.11%) in Tanakan group (Plt;0.01)． Choroidal detachment in 32 eyes (88.89%) in control group and in 2 eyes (5.56%) in Tanakan group and the severity of ciliochoroidal detachment in tanakan group was significantly lower than that in control group． Conclusion Tanakan is effective to prevent the complications of anterior segment, such as ciliochoroidal detachment, elevation of IOP, narrowing of chamber angle occurring early after retinal photocoagulation and reduce the severity of ciliochoroidal detachment． (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:187-189)
Objective To observe the effect of intravitreal injection of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) on interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in the vitreous of diabetic rats at early stages. Methods Ninety-six male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group (group A, 24 rats) and experimental group (72 rats). The rats in experimental group were induced with streptozotocin injection for diabetic retinopathy model, and then randomly divided into positive control group (group B), normal saline group (group C) and NGF group (group D), 24 rats in each group. The rats in the group A and B were not intervened. The rats were received intravitreal injection with 4mu;l normal saline (group C) or 4 mu;l (0.5 mu;g/mu;l) NGF (group D). At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after injection, IRBP levels were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and light microscope were used to observe the morphological changes of the retina; transmission electron microscope was used to observe the retinal ultrastructure.Results At 2 weeks after injection, there was no significant difference in IRBP expression between group A,B,C and D (F=2.833，P=0.052). At 4, 6, 8 weeks after injection, the differences of IRBP expression between group A, B, C and D were significant (F=22.252, 108.459, 105.726; P=0.000). At different time points after injection, there was no significant difference in IRBP expression of group A (F=1.462, P=0.241), but there were significant differences in IRBP expression of group B, C and D (F=150.98, 63.519, 64.604; P=0.000). Light microscope found that the retinal structure was clear in group A and in group B, C, D at 2, 4 weeks after injection; the retinal thickness were thinner in group B, C, D at 8 weeks after injection. Transmission electron microscope displayed that the structure of rod outer segments was clear in group A and in group B, C, D at 2 weeks after injection; partly unclear structure of rod outer segments and slightly enlarged gap were observed in group B, C, D at 4, 8 weeks after injection. Conclusion Intravitreal injection with NGF can stabilize the IRBP expression in the vitreous of diabetic rats at early stages effectively.
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new group of endogenous non-coding RNAs produced by back-splicing, which has multiple molecular functions such as acting as microRNA sponges, regulators of transcription and splicing, adaptors for protein-protein interaction. Recent studies have shown that circRNA play an essential role in development and progression of retinal microvascular dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, eye diseases caused by hyperhomocysteine and ocular malignancy. In pathological conditions, the differential expression of circRNA alters the transcription and translation of corresponding genes, thus changing the activity and function of cells. CircRNA may become a new marker and prognostic indicator of fundus diseases, and its targeted intervention may also become a potential treatment for fundus diseases.