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find Keyword "缺陷" 96 results
  • 新型血小板聚集功能缺陷症并眼底出血二例

    报告2例新型血小板聚集功能缺陷症所致的眼底出血,用AP方案治疗有效。讨论了出血的机制,认为本病眼底出血同全身出血倾向一样,与血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅲa位点上刺参酸性粘多糖受体被某种辅因子遮蔽有关。 (中华眼底病杂志,1994,10:176-177)

    Release date:2016-09-02 06:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress on incidence rate and risk factors of ischemic stroke in people living with HIV/AIDS

    In recent years, the incidence rate of ischemic stroke in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is increasing, attracting wide attention from scholars at home and abroad. In addition to traditional risk factors of stroke, the secondary ischemic stroke in PLWHA is also affected by HIV infection. This study reviews the incidence rate and risk factors of secondary ischemic stroke in PLWHA, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke in PLWHA.

    Release date:2022-07-28 02:02 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 晚期结直肠癌中人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者治疗两例

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  • 医嘱口服药执行单常见缺陷分析及对策

    【摘要】 目的 调查临床口服药执行单中存在的缺陷,分析产生原因,寻求改进对策。 方法 2009年1月-2010年12月,每月随机抽取50份在院病历,共对1 200份在院病历的口服药执行单存在的缺陷进行统计和分析。 结果 192份口服药执行单存在243处医疗缺陷,发生率为20.3%。涂改、仿签62处,多签、漏签41处,超前签字28处,满格后未及时转抄34处,转抄执行单时间与医嘱执行时间不一致26处,缺项28处,未及时起、停医嘱17处,抄错药物7处。引起医疗纠纷1起。 结论 口服药执行单存在各种缺陷。加强护士培训与学习,建立完善的质量控制体系,规范护理文书,可以有效地减少口服药执行单中存在的缺陷,规避医疗纠纷。

    Release date:2016-09-08 09:26 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Treatment outcomes of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis

    ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).MethodsA prospective observational cohort study observed 15 AIDS patients (28 eyes) who suffered from CMVR onset between January 2016 and December 2018 at Nanning Aier Eye Hospital. Among this 28 eyes, BCVA of 6 eyes (21.4%) were between moving hand to counting finger, 15 eyes (53.6%) were between 0.02 to 0.1 and 7 eyes were better than 0.1 (25.0%). All eyes received intravitreal injection 0.1 ml of ganciclovir at 4 mg/ml (contain ganciclovir 0.4 mg). The induction regimen was twice weekly for 2 weeks and a maintenance period of the same dose weekly. The mean number of injections was 7.1±1.7 times. For hospitalized patients who had no contraindicated received a 14-day twice daily intravenous ganciclovir (IVG) 5.0 mg/kg·d until complete resolution of CMVR. All patients were divided into intravitreal ganciclovir (IVTG) group and IVTG+IVG group according to different treatment plans, which were 5 cases with 8 eyes and 10 cases with 20 eyes, respectively. The follow-up was more than 6 months. BCVA, complete resolution or stable of the lesion and complications were observed.ResultsSix months later, 20 eyes (71.4%) had a obvious reduced or disappeared of the anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation, and the retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution. 24 eyes showed improvements of BCVA and 4 eyes showed stable. 2 eyes (7.1%) presented with BCVA ≤ counting finger, 7 eyes (25.0%) were 0.02 - 0.1 and 19 eyes were ≥ 0.1 (67.9%). Compared with before treatment, the ratio of BCVA that less than or equal to counting finger and between 0.02 to 0.1 decreased (21.4% vs 7.1% and 53.6% vs 25.0%, respectively), but the ratio of BCVA better than 0.1 increased (25.0% vs 67.9%). When IVTG+IVG group was compared with IVTG group, the average time-to-resolution of CMVR were 83.2±25.2 and 85.3±24.4 days respectively. There was no significant difference in resolution times (Z=0.17, P=0.87). The ratio of retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution were 75.0% (15 eyes) and 62.5% (5 eyes), there was no evident difference in time-to-resolution between the two groups (F=0.42, P=0.51). No recurrence was seen during the follow-up period. In cases of unilateral CMVR, there were no patients with a second eye involvement during the follow-up period. No endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment were found in our study.ConclusionReduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir is a safe and effective treatment option for CMVR.

    Release date:2020-05-19 02:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida

    ObjectiveTo review the research progress on etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida. MethodsBy consulting relevant domestic and foreign research literature on spina bifida, the classification, epidemic trend, pathogenesis, etiology, prevention and treatment of it were analyzed and summarized. ResultsSpina bifida, a common phenotype of neural tube defects, is classified based on the degree and pattern of malformation associated with neuroectodermal involvement and is due to the disturbance of neural tube closure 28 days before embryonic development. The prevalence of spina bifida varies greatly among different ethnic groups and regions, and its etiology is complex. Currently, some spina bifida patients can be prevented by folic acid supplements, and with the improvement of treatment technology, the short-term and long-term survival rate of children with spina bifida has improved. ConclusionThe research on the pathogenesis of spina bifida will be based on the refined individual information on exposure, genetics, and complex phenotype, and will provide a theoretical basis for improving prevention and treatment strategies through multidisciplinary cooperation.

    Release date:2021-12-07 02:45 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The economic evaluation of screening and early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases: a systematic review

    ObjectiveTo systematically review the economics evaluation studies on the early screening or diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). MethodsWeb of Science, CRD, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect the economics evaluation studies on the early screening or diagnosis of PID from inception to July 1st, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, a descriptive systematic review was performed. ResultsA total of 10 studies focusing on SCID were included. The results showed that under a relatively high threshold, the early screening and diagnosis of SCID were cost-effective, which can reduce severe infections in patients and treatment costs while improving patient’s survival. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that early diagnosis of PID can reduce costs and improve benefits. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify above conclusion.

    Release date:2023-02-16 04:29 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 以眼部表现首诊的获得性免疫缺陷综合征二例

    Release date:2016-09-02 05:48 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 艾滋病视网膜病变一例

    Release date:2016-09-02 06:01 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • White matter microstructural alterations and classification of patients with different subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

    Objective To explore the white matter microstructural abnormalities in patients with different subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and establish a diagnostic classification model. Methods Patients with ADHD admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2019 and September 2021 and healthy controls recruited through advertisement were prospectively selected. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging scanning. The whole brain voxel-based analysis was used to compare the diffusion parameter maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) among patients with combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-C), patients with inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I) and healthy controls. The support vector machine classifier and feature selection method were used to construct the individual ADHD diagnostic classification model and efficiency was evaluated between each two groups of the ADHD patients and healthy controls. Results A total of 26 ADHD-C patients, 24 ADHD-I patients and 26 healthy controls were included. The three groups showed significant differences in FA values in the bilateral sagittal stratum of temporal lobe (ADHD-C<ADHD-I<healthy controls) and the isthmus of corpus callosum (ADHD-C>ADHD-I>healthy controls) (P<0.005). The direct comparison between the two subtypes of ADHD showed that ADHD-C had higher FA than ADHD-I in the right middle frontal gyrus. The classification model differentiating ADHD-C and ADHD-I showed the highest efficiency, with a total accuracy of 76.0%, sensitivity of 88.5%, and specificity of 70.8%. Conclusions There is both commonality and heterogeneity in white matter microstructural alterations in the two subtypes of patients with ADHD. The white matter damage of the sagittal stratum of temporal lobe and the corpus callosum may be the intrinsic pathophysiological basis of ADHD, while the anomalies of frontal brain region may be the differential point between different subtypes of patients.

    Release date:2023-03-17 09:43 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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