Abstract: Objective To summarize the clinical experiences of applying completely videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in pulmonary diseases treatment, and evaluate its safety, indication and efficacy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 47 patients with pulmonary diseases undergoing completely videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy at the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province between October 2008 and November 2010. Among the patients, there were 35 males and 12 females with their age ranged from 30 to 72 years averaging at 61.5 years. Adenocarcinoma was present in 27 patients, squamous carcinoma in 9 patients, small cell carcinoma in 1 patient, tuberculosis in 3 patients, bronchiectasis in 3 patients, pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor in 2 patients, hamartoma in 1 patient, and giant bulla in 1 patient. All patients underwent completely videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy which was carried out through three miniinvasive incisions without the use of rib spreader. Systemic lymph node dissection was performed for patients with malignancies. Blood loss, operation time, the rate of conversion to thoracotomy, postoperative hospital stay, and complications were observed. Results Completely videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was successfully performed in 44 patients, and the other 3 patients were changed to open thoracotomy due to bleeding in one patient, T3 tumor in one patient and accidentally injured bronchus in one patient. The overall conversion rate was 6.4% (3/47). The mean operation time, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay were respectively 120±45 minutes, 150±80 ml, and 7±2 days. No perioperative death occurred. There were 9 patients of complications including lymphatic fistula, air leak, atrial fibrillation and atelectasis, and they all recovered after conservative treatment. Fortyfour- patients were followed up for -1 to 23 months with 3 patients missing. One-patient had bloody sputum during the followup, but recovered spontaneously later. Brain metastasis occurred to a stage Ⅲa patient with primary lung cancer 9 months after operation, and the patient survived after treatment with gamma knife. No recurrence happened to the other patients and their quality of life was good. Conclusion Completely videoassisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for patients with earlystage lung cancer and benign pulmonary lesions which need lobectomy. However, it is necessary to select the patients carefully in the early period of practising.
Due to their diverse types, complex causes, high incidence, and difficult treatment, lung diseases have become major killers threatening human life and health, and some lung diseases have a significant impact on alveolar morphology and histology. Numerical simulation of alveolar mechanical response, alveolar flow field information, multiphase flow, and material transport based on computational fluid dynamics is of great significance for lung disease diagnosis, clinical treatment, and in vitro experiments. Starting from the simplification and pathological differences of geometric and mechanical models, this paper analyzes and summarizes the conditions and application scenarios of the airflow dynamics calculation method in pulmonary alveoli, to provide a reference for further simulation and application of the alveolar region.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical manifestations, basic diseases, imaging features, drug sensitivity results and recovery of Mycobacterium Kansasii pulmonary disease patients to enhance understanding of the disease. Methods The clinical data of 116 patients with Mycobacterium Kansas pulmonary disease diagnosed in Guangzhou chest hospital from January 2019 to September 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasensei lung disease were 67 males and 49 females, aged 27 to 92 years, with clinical manifestations of cough and sputum (102 cases) and hemoptysis (48 cases) as the predominant symptoms. There were 98 cases with history of bronchiectasis, 8 cases with cancer,18 cases with cardiovascular disease, 22 cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 10 cases with diabetes mellitus, 9 cases with rheumatoid immune system disease, 5 cases with pulmonary aspergillus infection, 2 cases with asthma, and 10 cases without underlying disease. All of them had lung shadows on imaging, including 30 cases with simple bronchodilatation manifestation, 48 cases with bronchodilatation combined with cavitation, 10 cases with patchy streak shadow, 18 cases with patchy streak shadow combined with cavitation, and 10 cases with nodules combined with cavitation. The results of drug sensitivity showed that the resistance rate of more than 50% was isoniazid (89.66%), streptomycin (75.87%), amikacin (72.41%), and isoniazid para-aminosalicylate (Likely Lung Disease) (56.90%); while the sensitivity rate of more than 50% was rifabutin (100%), moxifloxacin (94.83%), rifampicin (93.10%), prothioisonicotinamide ( 91.38%), levofloxacin (89.66%), ethambutol (84.48%), and linezolid (79.31%). 76 of the remaining 98 of 116 patients had negative sputum cultures within 1 year, with the exception of 12 who were left untreated and 6 who did not complete treatment. The 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasensei lung disease presented with chronic cough, sputum, and hemoptysis, and most of them were combined with structural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis, or with underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes mellitus. Imaging features show pulmonary shadows. Moreover, Mycobacterium kansasii shows high sensitivity to most conventional antituberculosis drugs, which may result in a higher cure rate compared with other types of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Therefore, timely and well-conducted strain identification and drug sensitivity testing are essential for the development of a targeted treatment program that can significantly improve patient outcomes. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of 116 patients with Mycobacterium kansasense lung disease were characterized by chronic cough, sputum and hemoptysis, which were mostly combined with structural lung diseases such as bronchiectasis. The imaging features show pulmonary shadows. Mycobacterium kansasii exhibits a higher sensitivity rate to most conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs, which may result in a higher cure rate in treatment compared to other types of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases. Therefore, timely and comprehensive species identification and drug susceptibility testing are crucial for formulating targeted treatment regimens, which can significantly improve patients' treatment outcomes.
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive functional imaging technology, which has the advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, low cost, fast response, portability and visualization. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that EIT has great potential in the detection of lung diseases and has been applied to early diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. This paper introduced the basic principle of EIT, discussed the research and clinical application of EIT in the detection of acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumothorax and pulmonary embolism, and focused on the summary and introduction of indicators and functional images of EIT related to the detection of lung diseases. This review will help medical workers understand and use EIT, and promote the further development of EIT in lung diseases as well as other fields.
Objective To investigate clinical outcomes of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and summarize our preliminary experience. Methods Clinical data of 60 consecutive patients who underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command from March 2010 to August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 37 male patients and 23 female patients with their median age of 52.1 （17-77） years. There were 7 patients undergoing left upper lobectomy， 19 patients undergoing left lower lobectomy， 12 patients undergoing right upper lobectomy， 3 patients undergoing right middle lobectomy， 17 patients undergoing right lower lobectomy， and 2 patients undergoing combined right middle and lower lobectomy. Results The average operation time was 161 （50-270） minutes， average intra-operative blood loss was 310 （50-800） ml， average number of lymph node dissection was 13.4 （6-29）， average postoperative thoracic drainage was 950 （250-2 800） ml， average duration of thoracic drainage was 4.6 （3-11） days， average intensive care unit stay was 1.2 （1-3） days， and average postoperative hospital stay was 7.7（4-14） days. None of the patients had any severe postoperative complication. Fifty-two patients were followed up for 7 to 24 months， and 8 patients were lost during follow-up. During follow-up， 5 patients had lung cancer metastases， including 2 patients with mediastinal lymph node metastases and 3 patients with distant metastases. After chemoradiotherapy，3 patients lived well but 2 patients died. None of the other patients had any severe complication during follow-up. Conclusion Complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy is a safe and effective surgical strategy for patients with benign or malignantpulmonary disease.
Objective To determine the efficacy and prognosis of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Trials were located through electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Foreign Journals Integration System (from the start date to March 2008). We also checked the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Statistical analysis was performed with The Cochrane Collaboration’s software RevMan 4.2.10. Results A total of 19 trials involving 1 236 patients were included. Results showed that: (1) NPPV vs. conventional therapy: NPPV was superior to conventional therapy in terms of intubation rate (RR 0.36, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.49), failure rate (RR 0.62, 95%CI 0.43 to 0.90), and mortality (RR 0.49, 95%CI 0.34 to 0.69). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group (WMD – 3.83, 95%CI – 5.78 to – 1.89), but the length of ICU stay was similar. The changes of PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were much more obvious in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group. The change of respiratory rate was more significant in the NPPV group compared with the conventional group (WMD – 3.75, 95%CI – 5.48 to – 2.03). At discharge and follow-up, there were no significant differences in FEV1, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and vital capacity between the two groups. (2) NPPV vs. invasive ventilation: the mortality was similar between the two groups. The incidence of complications was lower in the NPPV group compared with the invasive group (RR 0.38, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.73). The length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and weaning time were shorter in the NPPV group than those of the invasive group. At discharge and follow-up, clinical conditions were similar between the two groups. Conclusion The limited current evidence showed that NPPV was superior to conventional therapy in improving intubation rate, mortality, short term of blood-gas change, the change of respiratory rate; and superior to invasive ventilation in the length of hospital stay and the incidence of complication. There were no difference among them in discharge and follow-up.
Abstract： Objective To explore the method and effect of single utility port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Jun. 2010, 158 patients with pulmonary diseases were treated by single working pore VATS in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Their diseases included 6 kinds of different lesions, such as pneumothorax（inflammatory pseudotumor, hamartoma, lymphangiomyomatosis） , lung tuberculoma, and lung carcinoma. Seventy patients had definite diagnosis before their operation, and the others had their final diagnosis by intraoperative frozen section evaluation and postoperative pathology examination. All the resections were carried out by pure thoracoscopic procedures with two ports, one working pore and one observing pore. A 28-Fr chest tube was placed to the pleural apex. Limited lung resection was performed in 151 patients, single lobectomy in 7 patients, and simultaneous bilateral operation in 6 patients. Results For limited lung resection patients, the average operation time was 18 （5-60） min, and the average blood loss was 33 （5-95） ml. No patient needed intraoperative blood transfusion . Ten patients received an increased pore, including 6 patients with pleural cavity obliteration or abundant pleural adhesions, and 4 patients with intraoperative bleeding . The average postoperative length of stay was 2.5 （2-4） days, and the average medical cost was 17 884 （15 476-25 387） Yuan. For patients undergoing lobectomy and lymph node dissection, the average operation time was 128 （50-220） min, and the average blood loss was 180 （80-478） ml. No patient needed intraoperative blood transfusion. One patient received an increased pore. The average postoperative length of stay was 4.7 （4-7） days, and the average medical cost was 42 385 （38 965-57 695） Yuan. No perioperative death or severe complications were observed in present series. Conclusion Single utility port VATS is a safe and efficient procedure with good patient recovery. It is a method of choice for selected patients with pulmonary diseases.