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腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎致病菌的耐药性分析

目的:探讨腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及其耐药性。方法:回顾性分析的93例腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的致病菌及其耐药性。结果:34例培养阳性, 透出液培养阳性率为36.6%, 其中革兰阳性球菌14例, 革兰阴性杆菌17例, 真菌4例。革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,达83.3%,亚胺培南耐药性最低,达20.0%。革兰阳性球菌对青霉素、环丙沙星的耐药率高,分别为81.8%、71.4%。 结论:提高腹膜透析液细菌培养阳性率有助于腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的治疗;在经验用药基础上,应依据细菌培养、药敏,选择治疗腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的敏感、有效抗菌素,真菌性腹膜炎治疗效果仍差,应尽早拔管。

CT Features and Anatomic-Pathologic Bases of Secondary Pyogenic Peritonitis

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the main CT features, the morbidity of CT signs and the anatomic-pathologic bases of secondary pyogenic peritonitis (SPP). MethodsTwentyfour patients of the SPP were retrospectively studied. Emphasis was placed on the spiral CT manifestations of the SPP correlating with their anatomic-pathologic bases and the occurrence as well as the signs of primary lesions which resulted in the SPP. ResultsThe main CT manifestations of SPP revealed as follows: the thickened peritoneum, 16 in 24 cases (66.7%), of which 14 cases were smooth and 2 cases were irregular; the ascites, 15 in 24 cases (62.5%); the free air within peritoneal cavity, 9 in 24 cases (37.5%); the edema and thickening involved in the greater omentum, 8 in 24 cases (33.3%); the small bowel mesentery, 5 in 24 cases (20.8%); and the bowels’ wall, 5 in 24 cases (20.8%); the adhesions of bowels, 6 in 24 cases (25.0%). The CT manifestation of the promary lesions, which caused SPP, and the complications were shown as follows: the signs of primary lesion, 13 cases (54.2%); the inflammatory changes in retroperitoneal cavity 13 cases (54.2%); the involvements of chest 13 cases (54.2%); and the abscess in peritoneal and pelvic cavity 6 cases (25.0%). ConclusionThe main significant CT signs of SPP could be concluded as follows: thickened peritoneum, ascites, free air within peritoneal cavity, edematous and thickened greater omentum, the small bowel mesentery, and the bowels’ wall, as well as the adhesions of bowels. So, the CT scan can present plenty of CT signs, which are significant and very helpful for making an appropriate diagnosis of SPP.

腹膜透析患者感染性腹膜炎治疗中抗生素给药途径的探讨

腹膜透析是肾病患者到尿毒症或肾脏衰竭期所采用的一种有效的治疗方法，但患者常常由于反复的并发症不得不提早终止腹膜透析，甚至危及生命。感染性腹膜炎是腹膜透析治疗中最常见的并发症，目前国内外较多采用腹腔给药的方式治疗腹膜透析患者的感染性腹膜炎，但这种给药途径在对腹膜的刺激、对肝肾的损伤、药物稳定性、药物相互作用方面均存在多种风险。建议临床使用抗生素治疗腹膜透析患者的感染性腹膜炎时，考虑多方面的因素及风险，选择最适合的给药途径。现结合目前国内外的治疗方法及抗生素使用情况，探讨腹膜透析患者感染性腹膜炎治疗中抗生素的给药途径。

老年患者胆汁性腹膜炎的围手术期处理28例体会

Treatment for Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis

目的:探讨腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的治疗。方法:回顾性分析的89例腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者,初期使用头孢菌素和或氨基糖甙类抗生素治疗,严重者使用头孢唑林和头孢他啶治疗。结果:89例腹膜炎患者透析液培养阳性33例(37.1%),其中19例1～4d治愈(21.3%),56例4～14 d治愈(62.9%),复发11例(12.4%),2例因尿毒症而全身衰竭死亡(2.2%)。结论:虽然腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的发病率有降低趋势,但其仍然是腹膜透析最常见并发症之一,我们在强调对腹膜炎治疗的同时,更要强调对腹膜炎的预防。

Risk factors of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis and HIV infection

ObjectiveTo compare the incidences of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis among HIV and non-HIV patients, and to analyze the risk factors of PD-associated peritonitis. MethodsEnd-stage renal disease patients with HIV infection who newly started PD in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2012 to 2020 were retrospectively included, and non-HIV PD patients in the same period were included as controls at a ratio of 1 to 4. The risk factors of PD-associated peritonitis were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX regression analysis were used to compare the peritonitis-free survival between HIV group and non-HIV group. ResultsA total of 60 PD patients were included. The average follow-up time was 31.2±21.3 months. Peritonitis occurred in 7 HIV patients (58.33%) and 8 non-HIV patients (16.67%). Logistic regression analysis showed that HIV infection (P=0.018) and high platelet (>150×109/L) (P=0.032) were independent risk factors for PD-associated peritonitis. The incidence of PD-associated peritonitis in HIV patients significantly increased (HR=10.944, 95%CI 1.503 to 79.707). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 5-year peritonitis-free survival of non-HIV group was significantly higher than that of HIV group (75.7% vs. 31.1%) (P=0.003). Multivariate COX survival analysis showed that the 5-year accumulative risk of peritonitis in HIV PD patients was 5.896 times (95%CI 1.508 to 23.043, P=0.01) higher than that of the non-HIV PD patients. ConclusionHIV infection is an independent risk factor for PD-associated peritonitis.

Successful treatment of gastric perforation combined with hyperthyroidism crisis by MDT mode: a case report

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment value of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) model in patient with gastric perforation combined with hyperthyroidism crisis.MethodWe summarized the experiences of MDT model in treating one case of gastric perforation with hyperthyroidism crisis in the Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City on February 2019.ResultsThis patient had a history of hyperthyroidism and didn’t receive systemic treatment, diagnosing as acute diffuse peritonitis and perforation of hollow organs. After MDT discussions and a series of treatments, including anti-infection, control of heart rate and hyperthyroidism, this patient underwent surgical treatment of gastric peptic ulcer perforation, during and after the surgery, this patient suffered from hyperthyroid crisis. The surgery was successful, with the operation time was about 110 min, and the blood loss was about 50 mL. There was no side injury occurred without blood transfusion, and the patient was cured and discharged on 20 days after operation. The patient was followed up for about 1 year, and the general condition and life returned to normal.ConclusionMDT discussion is a very helpful way in the treatment of gastric perforation combined with hyperthyroidism crisis and can give a better outcome.

乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿合并结核性腹膜炎一例

结肠自发性穿孔的诊断和治疗

【摘要】　目的　总结结肠自发性穿孔的病因、诊断和治疗方法。　方法　回顾性分析2000年－2010年收治的9例因自发性结肠穿孔接受急诊剖腹探查手术患者的临床资料。　结果　平均发病年龄67.6岁（55～84岁），5例有慢性便秘病史；患者均以突发性腹痛起病，2例得到术前确诊。1例行穿孔修补术，6例行穿孔修补或穿孔肠段切除加近端结肠造瘘术，2例行Hartmann手术。治愈出院6例，2例切口感染，1例严重感染。　结论　自发性结肠穿孔好发于老年长期便秘史者，通常预后不良，且术后病死率较高。早期发现和手术治疗、彻底的腹腔内冲洗和严密的术后管理是改善预后的重要因素。

CT Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Tuberculotic Peritonitis

【摘要】　目的　探讨结核性腹膜炎的CT诊断价值。　方法　回顾性分析2009年10月-2010年7月22例经手术、病理或抗结核治疗确诊的结核性腹膜炎CT完整资料。主要观察:淋巴结、腹水、腹膜、系膜、网膜改变。　结果　淋巴结肿大12例，增强后呈“环状”强化改变。腹腔积液15例，少～中量12例，聚集在肠系膜根部、结肠旁沟及盆腔较多，CT值20～28HU。腹膜增厚16例，其中14例均匀光滑增厚，10例明显强化；大网膜增厚15例，其中饼状增厚2例、污垢样增厚9例、结节样4例。肠系膜增厚18例，3例肠袢聚集、粘连。伴有其他脏器结核13例。　结论　CT对诊断和鉴别诊断结核性腹膜炎具有较大的临床价值，结合临床多数结核性腹膜炎可作出正确诊断。【Abstract】　Objective　To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT scan for tuberculotic peritonitis.　Methods　The complete CT image data of 22 patients with tuberculotic peritonitis confirmed by surgical, pathologically, or therapeutic procedures from October 2009 to July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The changes of lymph nodes, ascites, thickened peritoneum, mesentery and greater omentum were observed.　Results　In 22 patients, enlargement and rim enhancement of lymph nodes were found in 12; ascites with CT value of 20-28 HU was in 15, of whom 12 had small or middle amount of effusion which located in mesentery or abdominal cavity; thickened parietal peritoneum was in 16, including smooth peritoneum in 14 and evident enhancement in 10; thickened greater omeutum was in 15, including cake-like thickening in 2, filth-like thickening in 9 and tuber-like thickening in 4; thickened mesentery was in 18, including intestinal loop adhesion in 3.A total of 13 patients were combined with other tuberculosis.　Conclusion　CT scan is very important in diagnosing and differentially diagnosing tuberculous perinitis.