Objective To investigate the rule of the morphological changes of the detrusor muscle and its neuromuscular junction after the medullary cone injury in rats. Methods Forty-eight SDadult rats were divided into 6 groups randomly, each of which was 8. There werenormal control group(group A), 4 weeks group(group B), 6 weeks group(group C), 8 weeks group(group D), 10 weeks group(group E) and 12 weeks group(group F) after the medullary cone injury respectively. The medullary cone injury was completed in the level of L4,5 with a sharp and transsectional way. The HE dyeing of the detrusor muscle was performed firstly to observe the changes of the section areas of muscle fibers. And the electron microscopic samples of the detrusor muscle were made to investigate the rules of the ultrastructructral changes in the detrusor muscle and its neuromuscular junction. Finally, the Masson trichromatic dyeing of the detrusor muscles was performed to calculate the percentages of the smooth muscle and the connective tissue.Results The HE dyeing of the detrusor muscle indicated the section areas of muscle fibers in groups E, F was significantly less than that in group A (P＜0.05). The gradually aggravated ultrastructructral changes of detrusor cells in groups B-F were observed in atonic bladders，such as various shape and size，malalignment, wide separation between musclecells, abundant collagen fibrils and irregular dense structures between individual cells, obvious rough endoplasmic reticulum widen and mitochondrial edema were noted．And the ultrastructructral changes of the neuromuscular junctions manifested that the similar structures in group A and the reduction of the mitochondria and synaptic vesicles was seen in groups B, C and D, the conspicuous degenerative neuromuscular junction and the obvious reduction of the synaptic vesiclesand the mitochondria was observed in group E,and the deteriorative degenerativeneuromuscular junction and the obvious reduction or disappearance of the synaptic vesicles and the mitochondria even to the degenerative corpuscle was noted in group F. The Masson trichromatic dyeing in the detrusor muscles indicated that there were significant differences in the percentage of the connective tissue in the detrusor muscles between groups E,F and group A, and between group E and group F respectively (P＜0.05). Conclusion The irreversible changes of the detrusor muscle and its neuromuscular junction canbe seen in the 10th week after medullary cone injury in rat. And the nerverepairing procedures should be performed before this.
Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of acellular urinary bladder submucosa (AUBS). Methods The acellular collagen matrix of human urinary bladder submucosa was developed using freeze-thawed enzymatic treatment and freeze-drying technique. Human oral keratinocytes were cultured and seeded on AUBS at a density of 2×106/ml in vitro.The proliferation of the cells were observed. Pockets were created in the abdominal muscle wall of 18 SD rats. AUBS in size 1 cm×1 cm was implanted into the pocket. The grafts were observed by light microscope 3, 6, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after operation. Results AUBSmainly consisted of collagen fibers with a three-dimensional network structure. After the oral keratinocytes were seeded, continous oral epithelium layer was formed on the surface of AUBS after 10 days in vitro. Histological observation of the grafted AUBS showed progressive cell infiltration at 6 days. New capillaries formed at 14 days. The collagen fibers arranged regularly at 28 days after implantation. Conclusion Freeze-dried AUBS may be used as a suitable scaffold for tissue regeneration, which can induce cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro and has good biocompatibilty.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of HIST1H1B gene in bladder cancer.MethodsInformation on HIST1H1B in the dataset GSE13507 was downloaded from the GEO database. Discrepancy in expression of HIST1H1B in normal tissues and bladder cancer tissues was analyzed by t-test. Survival analysis was performed by using Log-rank algorithm. The association between HIST1H1B gene expression and clinicpathological features was analyzed using Chi-square test. Gene enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore possible pathways of HIST1H1B involved in bladder cancer.ResultsHIST1H1B was down-regulated in normal tissues and highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues (P=0.002 5). The expression of HIST1H1B was associated with age, gender, T stage, M stage, N stage, disease stage, but not associated with invasiveness and progression. Whether in overall survival (HR=1.732, 95%CI 1.070 to 2.803) or tumor-specific survival (HR=2.000, 95%CI 0.996 to 4.017), patients with high expression of HIST1H1B were significantly lower than that in patients with low expression (P<0.05). GSEA results showed that HIST1H1B may influence the occurrence and development of bladder cancer by regulating MYC signaling pathway V2, G2M checkpoint, E2F signaling pathway, spermatogenesis, mitotic spindle, etc.ConclusionsHIST1H1B may be a biomarker for determining the prognosis of bladder cancer and a target for treatment of bladder cancer.
Objective To review the study on adi pose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the therapy of urological diseases. Methods The recent l iterature concerning ADSCs in bladder repair, urethral reconstruction, incontinence treatment, and erectile dysfunction treatment was reviewed. Results The appl ication of tissue engineering using ADSCs has made significant achievements in the treatment of urological diseases and in animal studies, and has been initially used in cl inicaland has achieved a good therapeutic effect. Conclusion Tissue engineering using ADSCs has good prospects in the study on urological diseases, and is expected to widely used in the treatment of urological diseases.
Objective To explore an effective method to culture and purify canine bladder transitional epithelial cells.Methods Bladder tissue was obtained from healthy puppy under sterile conditions. Bladder mucosa was removed from the remaining tissue with fine scissor and minced into small pieces, and then were dissociated into single cell suspensions with 0.125% trypsin. The bladder epithelial cells were cultured in defined keratinocyte serum free medium. The cells were passaged and purified by 0.05% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA. Morphological characterization were studied under inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. Expression of cell specific marker protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Canine bladder transitional epithelial cells could be efficiently cultivated and expanded in serum-free medium without fibroblast contamination. The cells could be passaged 4-6 times without a distinguished decrease in cell proliferation. The cells were characterized by well-developed micro filament and desmosome junction under transmission electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining with broadly reacting anticytokeratin antibodies (AE1/AE3) confirmed the epithelial phenotype of the cells.Different generations of cells showed diploid cells. Conclusion A large number of bladder transitional epithelial cells can be obtained from small bladder tissue with our digestion method. The cultured bladder epithelial cells can be proliferated to sufficient quantities for further reconstructive purposes.
Twenty cases of hypospadiasundergone urethro-plasty with blad-der mucosa and correction of cordein one stage surgery are reported.Sixteen of 20 cases had satisfactoryresults .Two cases with structureof anastomosis have been improvedby urethral dilatation and the othertwo cases complicated with urethral-cutaneous fistula have gradually heal-ed with prolonged diversion of cysto- tomy. The indication and techniqueof this surgery are discussed indetail.
目的 研究磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）和磷酸化蛋白激酶B（p-Akt）在人膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中的表达特征及临床意义。 方法 2005年6月－2010年7月，采用免疫组织化学法检测40例膀胱尿路上皮癌组织及10例正常膀胱组织PI3K与p-Akt的表达，并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果 PI3K和p-Akt在正常膀胱黏膜组织阳性表达率均低于膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。同一标本中PI3K和p-Akt的表达不具有相关性（r=0.051，P=0.747）。 结论 PI3K、p-Akt在膀胱尿路上皮癌中高表达，两者在膀胱尿路上皮癌中共同促其发展，但其在膀胱尿路上皮癌的预后和进展中的作用尚不明确。
Objective To investigate the feasibil ity of establ ishment of physiological micturition reflex arc by simultaneously reconstructing the sensory and the motorial nerve of atonic bladder after spinal cord injury. Methods Eight 1-year-old Beegle male canine were selected, weighing 7-12 kg. The left side was the experimental side, while the right side wasthe control side. Epidural microanastomosis of vertebral canal of the left L7 ventral root to S2 ventral root and L7 dorsal root to S2 dorsal root was performed to reconstruct the sensory and the motorial function of atomic bladder. The right side was used as a control without treatment. The new motor-to-motor, and sensory-to-sensory physiological bladder reflex pathway were establ ished after 12 months of axonal regeneration. Then S1-4 segmental spinal cord was destroyed for preparation of complete paraplegia. The electrophysiological examination and the bladder pressure were detected before and after paraplegia. The canine micturition was observed for 3 months after paraplegia. Nurohistological observation was performed after canine sacrifice. Results Of 8 canine, 7 canine survived. After paraplegia, canines displayed urinary incontinence and frequent micturition at first, nocturnal continence was achieved gradually without frequent micturition after 1 month. Urinary infection at different degrees occurred in 3 canines and was controlled after Norfloxacin was administered orally. The bladder pressure increased to (1.00 ± 0.13) kPa, (0.90 ± 0.12) kPa after trains of stimulation (300 mV, 0.3 ms, 20 Hz, 5 seconds) of S2 dorsal root at the experimental side before and after paraplegia respectively, showing no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). It increased to (1.90 ± 0.10) kPa after the same train of stimulation of S2 dorsal root at control side. There was significant difference between the experimental side and the control side (P lt; 0.01). Single stimulation (300 mV, 0.3 ms) of the S2 dorsal root at the experimental side resulted in evoked potentials recorded from the left S2 ventral root before and after paraplegia. Before and after paraplegia, the ampl itudes of the evoked potentials were (0.68 ± 0.11) mV and (0.60 ± 0.08) mV respectively, showing no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). It was (1.21 ± 0.13) mV while stimulating at the control side. There was significant difference between the experimental side and the control side (P lt; 0.01). Neurofibra of L7 dorsal and ventral root grew into S2 dorsal and ventral root on tissue sl ice under l ight microscope. Conclusion Reconstruction of the bladder physiological micturition reflex arc is feasible by anastomosis of sacral dorsal and ventral root below injured spinal plane with the suprasacral survival dorsal and ventral root above the plane respectively for restoration of atonic bladder after spinal cord injury.