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find Keyword "自杀" 18 results
  • 有癫痫发作史患者的幻觉发生率与精神病理学意义

    癫痫发作活动已被证明与幻觉有关,而有癫痫发作史的患者产生幻觉的精神病理学意义尚不清楚。该研究的目的是评估有癫痫发作史的患者听幻觉和视幻觉的发生率,并调查它们与一些精神障碍、自杀意念和自杀企图之间的关系。这是一项基于人群的横断面调查,数据来自“成人精神疾病发病率调查”。采用精神病筛查问卷评估听幻觉和视幻觉,临床访谈表评估精神障碍,Logistic 回归评估幻觉经历与精神障碍、自杀意念和自杀企图之间的关系。共有 14 812 例成年患者[58% 为女性;平均年龄(51.8±0.15)岁]被纳入研究,1.39% 报告曾有癫痫发作(54% 为女性),8% 有癫痫发作史的患者述曾有幻觉[OR=2.05,95%CI(1.24,3.28)]。有癫痫发作史的患者出现精神障碍[OR=2.34,95%CI(1.73,3.16)]、自杀意念[OR=2.38,95%CI(1.77,3.20)]和自杀企图[OR=4.15,95%CI(2.91,5.92)]的几率增加。与有癫痫发作史但未曾述有幻觉的患者相比,有癫痫发作史合并幻觉经历的患者发生精神障碍[OR=3.47,95%CI(1.14,10.56)]、自杀意念[OR=2.58,95%CI(0.87,7.63)]和自杀企图[OR=4.61,95%CI(1.56,13.56)]的几率增加。总的来说,超过半数有癫痫发作史合并幻觉经历的患者至少有一次自杀企图。对精神病理的严重程度的校正并不能解释幻觉经历和自杀企图之间的关系。有癫痫发作史的患者合并幻觉经历是精神障碍和自杀行为的高风险标志。有癫痫发作史的患者出现幻觉与自杀企图之间有着尤其密切的关系。临床医生诊治有癫痫发作患者时,应该常规询问患者有无幻觉。

    Release date:2021-02-27 02:57 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 媒体与精神行为障碍的关系

    随着人类社会的发展,生活、生产和行为方式的变化,医学模式也随之改变,现代“文明病”和各种心身疾病改变着“疾病谱”和死亡顺序,心理精神疾病愈来愈引起人们的重视。社会文化环境在疾病过程中起一定作用,其中媒体为信息传播和获取提供了不同的方式和平台。近来有研究发现各种关于自杀、灾难、创伤、吸烟、饮酒等负面信息的媒体报道将会对个人的行为产生负面的影响,甚至会引发精神障碍。因此,媒体与精神行为障碍的关系引起了人们的重视,在此就媒体与精神行为障碍的关系作一综述。

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  • Construction of Recombinant Adenovirus Containing tk Gene

    Objective To construct replication-defective adenovirus containing tk gene (ADV-tk). Methods Recombinant adenovirus of ADV-tk was constructed using homologous recombination in cells. After the interested tk gene fragment in the recombinant plasmid obtained was confirmed by PCR, the titre of purified recombinant adenovirus was detected. In vitro study, tk gene in SMMC7721 cells transfected by ADV-tk was investigated by RT-PCR. In vivo study, ADV-tk was injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c nude mice with liver cancer and apoptosis cells in tumor were observed. Results Recombinant adenovirus containing ADV-tk was proved successfully. The titre of purified recombinant adenovirus was 1.4×1010 pfu/ml. In vitro study, tk was integrated and expressed by SMMC-7721 cells. In vivo study, with the injection of ADV-tk, apoptosis cells in tumor increased. Conclusion A replication-defective adenovirus containing tk gene is successfully constructed, which may useful for further research on tumor suicide gene therapy with ADV-tk.

    Release date:2016-09-08 10:54 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Construction of 5 Copies Hypoxia-Responsive Element Enhanced Suicide Gene Vector Targeting for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

    Objective To design and construct the eukaryotic expressed vector of suicide genes, which contained 5 copies of hypoxia-responsive element (5HRE), promoter of alpha-fetoprotein gene (AFPp) and nitroreductase from Escherichia coli. Methods The constructing processes were as follows: ①The design of primer: Suicide genes of NTR in the Escherichia coli, which contained 6his-tag gene (6his-tag), were cloned by overlapping PCR. ②The construction of 5HRE: The single strand of synthetized HRE oligonucleotide was annealed, and 5HRE was constructed by multiple recombinant clone. ③The recombination of NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp and pIRES2-EGFP: pIRES2-EGFP, which had removed the instant early promoter of cytomegalovirus, was recombined with NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp. In this way, the eukaryotic expressed vector of pIRES2-EGFP-5HRE-AFPp-NTR, which carried NTR gene, 5HRE, AFPp was finally constructed. Results NTR gene, which contained the fusion of 684-base pair and 6his-tag gene, was cloned successfully, and its sequence was coincident with the result published by Genbank. A 221-base pair of 5HRE was also constructed, which was in accordance with the expected sequences. The integrity of the eukaryotic expressed vector was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis, respectively. Conclusion The eukaryotic expressed vector of pIRES2-EGFP-5HRE-AFPp-NTR is successfully constructed, which may be used for its further investigation in vitro.

    Release date:2016-09-08 11:49 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Correlation between interpersonal stress and suicidal ideation: a meta-analysis

    ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the correlation between interpersonal stress and suicidal ideation. MethodsThe PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were searched to collect studies on the correlation between interpersonal pressure and suicidal ideation from database inception to April 27, 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.0 software. ResultsA total of 42 studies including 3 cohort studies, and 39 cross-sectional studies, with a total sample size of 193 810 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of suicidal ideation was higher in people who had experienced interpersonal pressure than in people who had not (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.99 to 2.23, P<0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that people in the Americas who had experienced interpersonal pressure were more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than people in other regions of the studied area. Young adults in the study who had experienced interpersonal pressure were more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than other studied age groups; People who had experienced partner pressure were more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than those who had experienced other types of interpersonal pressure. ConclusionThis study shows that people who have experienced interpersonal pressure are at greater risk of suicidal ideation, and there are certain differences among study areas, subjects and types of interpersonal pressure. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

    Release date:2023-04-14 10:48 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Relationship Between Connexin 43 and Bystander Effect of Suicide Gene System

    Objective  To observe the influence of connexin 43 (Cx43) on bystander effects induced by cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) coexpression suicide genes system in human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells and transplantation tumors in nude mice. Methods In vitro, the CD+tk+ and CD+tk+Cx+ cells were respectively treated with 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ganciclovir (GCV). The cytotoxic efficacy was evaluated by microculture tetrajolium test (MTT) method. In order to investigate the influence of Cx43 on bystander effects, the volumes of transplantation tumors of the CD+tk+ and CD+tk+Cx+ cells were measured before and after application of 5-FC and GCV. Results CD and tk gene were stably expressed in transfected QBC939 cells. Increasing expression of Cx43 was determined by testing for the presence of Cx43 mRNA by RT-PCR and the presence of Cx43 protein by Western blot in CD+tk+Cx+ cells. The killing effect of 5-FC and GCV on CD+tk+Cx+ cells was more effective than that on CD+tk+ cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Double suicide genes system CD/5-FC+tk/GCV could induce remarkable killing effect on cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro and transplantation tumors in vivo. The cotransfection of Cx43 gene is able to enhance the bystander effects and the inhibition of carcinoma cells.

    Release date:2016-09-08 11:47 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Older adult injury mortality in China: a meta-analysis

    Objective To systematically review injury, death, and their causes in elderly people in China from 2000 to 2020 and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of injuries and death. Methods The CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, PubMed, SinoMed, and Web of Science databases were searched to collect studies on injury and death among elderly people over 60 years of age who resided in China from January 2000 to December 2020. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. A meta-analysis was then performed using R 4.1.2 software. Results A total of 41 studies with 187 488 subjects were included, including 125 million elderly individuals. The pooled injury mortality rate was 135.58/105 (95%CI 113.36/105 to 162.14/105, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that male injury death (146.00/105, 95%CI 116.00 to 183.74, P=0.001) was significantly higher than that of females (127.90/105, 95%CI 102.31 to 159.88, P=0.001) and that overall injury mortality increased exponentially with age (R2=0.957), especially in those over 80 years old. The spatial distribution showed that the injury death rate in the central region was higher than that in the east and west and higher in the countryside than in the city. The time of death distribution showed that after China became an aging society (2000-2020), the time of death was significantly later than before (1990-2000). There were more than 12 types of injuries that caused death, the top three of which were falling, traffic accidents, and suicide. Conclusion From 2000 to 2020, the injury mortality rate of the elderly people in China initially increase and then slightly decrease. The phenomenon affects more men than women, especially those beyond the age of 80. Regional differences are identified, and the types of injuries that cause death are mainly falls, traffic accidents, and suicide. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

    Release date:2023-01-16 02:58 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Incidence of suicidal ideation of medical students in mainland China over the past ten years: a meta-analysis

    Objective To estimate the incidence of suicidal ideation of Chinese medical students in mainland China over the past ten years by meta-analysis, so as to provide references for suicide prevention and mental health education in Chinese medical students. Methods PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM databases were searched for studies investigating the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese medical students in mainland China from January 1st, 2007 to 31st May, 2017. After study selection according to inclusion and exclusion criterion, data extraction and quality assessment, meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 12.0 software. Heterogeneity was evaluated by performing subgroup analyses and meta-regression. We also used sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of individual studies on the overall prevalence estimates. Results A total of 30 studies with 58 757 participants were included, the individual-study incidence of suicidal ideation ranged from 0.84% to 41.35%, with significant between-study heterogeneity detected (I2=99.1%, P<0.001), and the pooled incidence by random-effects model was 12.51% with 95%CI 9.72% to 15.60%. Univariate and multivariate meta-regression revealed that instruments were related to heterogeneity (P<0.01), but other study-level covariates did not contribute to heterogeneity (P>0.1). Conclusion The incidence of suicidal ideation among medical students in mainland China is relatively high, calling more attention to this concern and actions in response for suicide prevention and mental health education in Chinese medical students.

    Release date:2017-11-21 03:49 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 抗癫痫药物与自杀的关系——国际抗癫痫联盟治疗方法委员会手术治疗协作组报告

    在2008年, 美国食品及药品管理局(Food and drug administration, FDA)警告医务工作者关于接受抗癫痫药物(AEDs)治疗的患者自杀观念及自杀行为的风险均有增高。自此以后, 一系列回顾性队列研究及病例对照研究均致力阐明这一议题, 但不同研究的结果却相互矛盾。这是一份来自国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)神经心理生物学工作组的专家共识。尽管部分(并非全部)AEDs与治疗中出现的自杀观念与自杀行为相关(目前预计风险很低), 但仍需要进一步评估。此外, 停止AEDs治疗或拒绝开始AEDs治疗会明显加重病情, 带来严重后果甚至引起患者死亡。癫痫患者的自杀问题是多因素的, 不同的变量在其中发挥作用。临床医生应当注意观察并选用合适的筛查工具评估患者是否存在自杀的风险。必要时应当推荐患者去看精神科医师, 即使患者出现自杀倾向也不应当停用AEDs。当启用一种新的AED治疗或替换AED时, 应注意询问患者近期是否有情绪的改变或出现自杀观念。关于治疗时出现的精神异常事件等资料应被记录, 不仅仅记录治疗相关的安全信息, 还应记录对照研究的信息, 在患者开始新的AED治疗时告知患者及家属新药上市的时间

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  • 国内外自杀评估的研究进展

    回顾总结近年来自杀心理评估中危险因素的研究进展,并就国内外自杀危险性评估方法研究概况予以综述。国外从最开始单一的量表评估自杀,发展到目前主张用结构式或半结构式临床会谈对自杀风险进行系统深入地评估,已经建构了一个较为全面完整的体系。国内对自杀的评估尚处于起步阶段,虽已有部分工具的编制和试用,但是良好的本土化的自杀评估工具尚缺乏,需要进一步研究。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:33 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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