Objective To evaluate the effect of a health education for preventing HIV/AIDS in floating population. Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in PubMed, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang (Chinese) and VIP (Chinese) databases to collect articles published between 1996 and 2006 concerning the effect of a HIV/AIDS education intervention in floating population. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. The study type was self-control intervention study. Meta-analyses were performed to assess 3 outcomes of the intervention, i.e. knowledge about HIV transmission, means of prevention and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients. Fixed and random effect models were employed to combine results after a heterogeneity test, with rate difference (RD) used as the indicator of intervention effect. Results The analysis showed that the RD for knowing the sexual transmission route of HIV, the RD for knowing the effect of condoms for HIV prevention, and the RD for changing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients, i.e. treating them as ordinary people, were increased by 16% (0.10, 0.22), 22% (0.17, 0.28) and 19% (0.13, 0.25), respectively. Conclusion Health education for preventing HIV/AIDS is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes in floating population.
Cochrane系统评价证据表明,口服替代治疗能降低阿片类药瘾者HIV的血液传播.使用避孕套可有效预防HIV的性传播,同时联合其他一些干预措施可进一步降低个人感染HIV的风险.对于贫困人口和不发达地区,孕妇短程服用奈韦拉平是防治母婴传播最现实有效的方法;而基于发达国家的研究表明,剖腹产、母乳替代品可能是有效的干预.病毒逆转录酶抑制剂是初期治疗HIV感染的有效方法.特效药对于减少艾滋病相关的机会感染是必需的.积极的体育锻炼已被证实是提高艾滋病人生存和生活质量的有效手段.
ObjectiveTo analyze the effectiveness and problems existing in implementing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) control and prevention in community health service centers, and to provide scientific evidence for promoting AIDS control and prevention. MethodsRelated information on AIDS control and prevention in community health service centers in a community in the whole year of 2013 was acquired. The effectiveness and problems existing in case management, laboratory testing and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) based on the current community health service system were analyzed. ResultsBy the end of 2013, the rate of AIDS case management was from zero to 100%, the rate of CD4 T detection was from 76.60% (360/470) to 88.35% (508/575), and the rate of receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy among AIDS patients was from 81.40% (175/215) to 84.41% (287/340). But in the actual work on AIDS in community health service centers, there were still some common problems needing to be solved. ConclusionThe community level management mode of AIDS can promote the accuracy of AIDS patients' information, improve the rate of case management, the rate of CD4 T detection and HAART. It is suggested that the community level management mode of AIDS should be promoted in the cities where AIDS patients are concentrated.
目的:进一步认识获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）并发机会感染的临床特点，提高临床诊断水平，减少误诊。方法:回顾性分析我院85例住院的AIDS患者的临床资料。包括临床表现、常见的机会感染、实验室检查异常情况及机会感染的确诊时间等情况。结果:本组资料中发生机会感染患者主要为青壮年男性，发病后误诊率为70%，大多经两家医院就诊后确诊。60%以上患者首诊于非感染科。临床表现主要有发热、咳嗽、腹泻、消瘦、皮疹、贫血等症状和体征。肺部感染35例（14%），肺结核12例（14%），乙型肝炎9例（10%），丙型肝炎10例（11%），梅毒 7例（8%），耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）15例（17%），败血症1例 （1%）。结论:HIV机会感染呈多器官受累，临床表现复杂，不具特异性。临床应提高认识，减少误诊。
Objective To assess the effect of early antiretroviral therapy on acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Butuo County, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods A total of 1 037 patients who underwent antiretroviral therapy between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2013 in Butuo Coungty were divided into 2 groups. The early treatment group (with CD4+ lymphocyte count >350 /mm3) was group A (n=459) and delayed treatment group (with CD4+ lymphocyte count≤350 /mm3) was group B. After 18-month treatment, the treatment retention rate, clinical effect and the side effects of medication in two groups were observed and analyzed. Results After 18 months, there were 297 (64.7%) and 320 (55.4%) patients who were persisting in treatment in group A and B, respectively; while the mortality was 6.1% (28/459) and 14.4% (83/578), respectively in group A and B. The differences were significant (P<0.001). The rate of virological suppression in group A and B was 64.0% (190/297) and 63.8% (204/320) respectively without any significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, the growth rate of CD4+ T lymphocyte count in group A and B was 5.7% and 37.5%, respectively; the difference was significant (P<0.001) Conclusions Early treatment for acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Butuo County, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture is effective, however, its growth rate of CD4+ T lymphocyte count is lower than that of delayed treatment. Early treatment doesn’t cause the increasement of the risk of common adverse reactions of medication, and it can reduce the mortality.
Objective To investigate the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients on the consolidated fund under the New Cooperative Medical System （NCMS）. Methods Designed questionnaires were used to investigate 24 HIV/AIDS patients and 1155 randomized sample of the population to compare their income, requirement for public health service, expenditure of medical care and to analyze the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients. Results We found the income of HIV/AIDS patients was lower than healthy population in 2003 （722 vs. 2 162 RMB） ; but the requirement （outpatient：2 ：1, inpatient：5 ：1 ）and expenditure of medical care was higher in HIV/AIDS patients. Including HIV/ AIDS patients into NCMS would cause an adverse-effect on consolidated fund. When more than 293 HIV/AIDS patients were included, it would be beyond what the consolidated fund can afford. Conclusions Including HIV/AIDS patients into NCMS can decrease the HIV/AIDS expenditure to some degree. But the government still needs to get involved to share risks and to establish an HIV/AIDS fund to cover that part which NCMS could not afford.