Objective To investigate the method and effectiveness of vacuum seal ing drainage (VSD) combined with debridement for treatment of deep infection after hip or knee replacement. Methods Between September 2006 and May 2010, 13 cases of deep infection after joint replacement surgery were treated, including 5 males and 8 females with an average ageof 62.5 years (range, 56-78 years). Infection occurred at 7 days to 1 year and 2 months (median, 14 days) after joint replacement surgery. The time from infection to admission was 8 days to 4 years and 6 months (median, 21 days). Purulent secretion with or without blood were observed in all patients; sinus formed in 5 cases; and unhealing of incision or drainage opening disunion were observed in 8 cases. The size of skin defect at secretion drainage or sinus opening site was 5 mm × 3 mm to 36 mm × 6 mm; the depth of drainage tunnel or sinus was 21-60 mm. The histopathological examination in 11 patients showed acute infection or chronic infection with acute onset in 10 cases, and tuberculosis in 1 case. In 6 cases of secretion culture, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 5 cases. After thorough debridement, wound irrigation was performed during the day and VSD during the night in 10 cases. VSD was merely performed in 3 cases. Results In 1 case after revision total hip arthroplasty, the wound bled profusely with VSD, then VSD stopped and associated with compression bandage, VSD proceeded again 3 days later with no heavy bleeding. All the patient were followed up 1 year to 4 years and 5 months (mean, 2 years and 11 months). Infection were controlled 7-75 days (mean, 43 days) after VSD in 10 cases. In these cases, prosthesis were reserved, no recurrent infection was observed, wound were healed, limb function were reserved. VSD was refused in 1 case because of hypersensitive of the pain at the vacuum site, infection control was failed and amputation at the thigh was proceeded. The effect was not evident in 1 case with tuberculosis infection, then the prosthesis was removed and arthrodesis was proceeded followed by complete union. In 1 case, infection was cured with VSD, recurrent infection happened after 9 months, antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer was used at end, and no recurrence was observed 1 year and 4 months later. Conclusion VSD combined with debridement can drainage deep infection sufficiently, promote wound healing, reduce recurrent infection rate, maximize the possibil ity of prosthesis preservation.
Ｔｏ ｆｉｎｄ ｏｕｔ ｔｈｅ ａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｆｏｒ ａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌ ｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ ａｎｄ ａｐｐｌｙ ｉｔ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｓｔｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ ａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌ ｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ ｏｆ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ ｗｉｔｈ ａｃｕｔｅ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ ａｒｅ ｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄ．Ａｂｄｏｍｉｎａｌ ｔｕｂｅ ｗａｓ ｉｎｓｅｒｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｒａｂｂｉｔ ｆｏｒ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ ｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｕｂｅ ｗａｓ ｃｕｓｅｒｔｅｄ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ ａｂｄｏｍｅｎ ｆｏｒ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ｎｏｒｍａｌ ｓａｌｉｎｅ ｉｎｓｔｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ ｆｌｕｉｄ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｆｌｕｉｄ ｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎ ｒａｔｅ（７０％）ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｇｒｏｕｐ（１．５ ｋＰａ）ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｅｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｉｎ ３ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ（ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ０ ｋＰａ，５ ｋＰａ ａｎｄ １５ ｋＰａ）（Ｐ＜０．０１）．Ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｉｓ ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓ ｌｏｗ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ ｉｎ ２０ ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ ａｆｔｅｒ ｓｅｖｅｒｅ ｐａｎｃｒｅａｔｉｔｉｓ ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｉｓ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｈａｖｅ ｍｏｒｅ ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓ ｏｆ ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ ｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙ ａｎｄ ｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｄｅａｔｈ ｒａｔｅ．
目的 探讨自制封闭式负压引流冲洗治疗四肢难愈性创面的护理要点。 方法 对2011年8月－2012年9月收治的38例使用自制封闭式负压引流冲洗+Ⅰ期植皮修复四肢难愈性创面的患者进行护理观察。 结果 34例四肢难愈性创面Ⅰ期成功修复创面，减轻了患者住院期间痛苦，缩短患者治疗时间，住院费用明显下降，4例创面因感染植皮大部分融解，经2次冲洗引流，培养肉芽后再植皮痊愈，无护理并发症发生。 结论 术后患者维持在适应的体位、间歇式冲洗，持续恒定的负压吸引、密切的护理观察和引流管的管理是护理的关键环节。
Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of free perforator flaps combined with skin graft for reconstruction of ankle and foot soft tissue defects. Methods Between June 2014 and October 2015, 20 cases of ankle and foot soft tissue defects were treated. There were 16 males and 4 females, aged from 19 to 61 years (mean, 43.3 years). Injury was caused by traffic accident in 7 cases, by crashing in 9 cases, and machine twist in 4 cases. The locations were the ankle in 6 cases, the heel in 3 cases, the dorsum pedis in 4 cases, and the plantar forefoot in 7 cases of avulsion injury after toes amputation. The size of wound ranged from 15 cm×10 cm to 27 cm×18 cm. The time from injury to treatment was from 11 to 52 days (mean, 27 days). The anterolateral thigh perforator flap was used in 11 cases, thoracodorsal antery perforator flap in 3 cases, medial sural artery perforator flap in 4 cases, deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in 1 case, and anteromedial thigh perforator flap in 1 case, including 5 chimeric perforator flaps, 5 polyfoliate perforator flaps, 3 flow-through perforator flaps, and 3 conjoined perforator flaps. The size of the perforator flap ranged from 10.0 cm×6.5 cm to 36.0 cm×8.0 cm, the size of skin graft from 5 cm×3 cm to 18 cm×12 cm. Results Venous crisis occurred in 2 flaps which survived after symptomatic treatment; 18 flaps survived successfully and skin grafting healed well. The follow-up time ranged 4-18 months (mean, 8.3 months). The flaps had good appearance, texture and color, without infection. The patients could walk normally and do daily activities. Only linear scars were observed at the donor sites. Conclusion Free perforator flap can be used to reconstruct defects in the ankle and foot, especially in the weight-bearing area of the plantar forefoot. A combination of free perforator flap and skin graft is ideal in reconstruction of great soft tissue defects in the ankle and foot.