ObjectiveTo investigate the common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients, and provide references for clinical prevention of allergic rhinitis. MethodsUnderage patients with allergic rhinitis admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and June 2013 were screened and skin prick test (SPT) was applied to investigate the response intensity to 22 kinds of common inhalant allergens and analyze the correlation of the positive rates and grades of allergens with age and sex. ResultsA total of 402 patients were included, and 77.6% (312/402) of them reported positive reaction of SPT; and the top five allergens were dust mites (242/402, 60.2%), house dust (235/402, 58.5%), housefly (142/402, 35.3%), spring pollen Ⅲ (133/402, 33.1%) and mulberry silk (121/402, 30.1%), respectively. Compared with patients whose age was younger than 5 years, both the positive rates and grades of SPT were significantly higher in patients above 5 years old. Additionally, the higher positive rates and grades of SPT were also observed much more in male patients than female patients. ConclusionThe most common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients are dust mites and house dust. And the SPT response intensity of inhalant allergens can be affected by age and gender.
摘要:目的:探讨肝素在预防过敏性紫癜性肾炎中的疗效及安全性。方法:采用随机对照的方法,将98例过敏性紫癜患儿分为肝素治疗组(49例)和对照组(49例),肝素组给予肝素钠100～150 Ｕ加入5%葡萄糖100～200 mL中静脉点滴,每日1次,连用5～7天,以后每两周查尿常规1次,至少观察3个月或以上。结果:肝素治疗组发生肾炎3例(6.1%),对照组发生肾炎11例(22.4%),肝素治疗组肾炎发生率低于对照组(0.01lt;P≤0.05)。结论:肝素对预防紫癜性肾炎的发生有效,且不良反应少。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the heparin in the prevention of allergic purpura nephritis in the efficacy and safety. Methods:A randomizedcontrolled method, 98 cases of allergic purpura patients were divided into heparin in the treatment group (49 cases) and control group (49 cases), heparin group received heparin, 100150 u in 5% glucose 100 ~ 200 mL in the intravenous drip, day 1, used in conjunction 57 days, after a routine urine check every two weeks times, at least for 3 months or more.Results: The results of heparin treatment group occurred nephritis in 3 cases (6.1%), glomerulonephritis in 11 cases in control group (22.4%), glomerulonephritis incidence of heparin in the treatment group than the control group (0.01lt;P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: heparin in preventing the occurrence of HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis and effective, and less adverse reactions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and nursing strategy of Comfeel transparent paste in treating peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC)-associated allergic dermatitis. MethodsSixty patients with PICC puncture-associated local allergic dermatitis treated between June 2011 and March 2013 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 30 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste, while the control group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and 3M transparent dressing. The curative effect was compared between the two methods. ResultsTwelve patients were cured with a curing rate of 40.0% in the control group and 22 patients were cured, and the curing rate was 73.3% in the experimental group. The difference between them was significant (P<0.05). ConclusionTreatment with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste for PICC-associated allergic dermatitis is quite effective, and the patients felt comfortable with low pains. In addition, it reduces the extubation rate of PICC and improves the care quality.
【摘要翻译】 一 氧化氮合酶( NOS) -2( NOS-2) 的诱导和一氧化氮产物增加是过敏性气道疾病的共同特征。严重哮喘与气道S-亚硝基硫醇减少相关。S-亚硝基硫醇是NO的生化产物, 可通过促炎症转录因子NF-κB 的S-亚硝基化抑制炎症反应。因此, 重建气道S-亚硝基硫醇对治疗可能有益。我们对此假设在以卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性炎症大鼠模型中进行验证。未使用或使用卵清蛋白致敏的动物均在卵清蛋白激发前于气管内灌注S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽( GSNO;50 μl, 10 mM) , 并在48 h 以后进行分析。GSNO 给药增加了肺组织S-亚硝基硫醇水平。与对照组比, GSNO 降低了卵清蛋白致敏动物NF-κB 的活性, 但对支气管肺泡灌洗细胞总数、分类计数及杯状细胞化生标记物均无显著影响。GSNO给药也改变了HIF-1 的活性, 导致未致敏大鼠HIF-1 活化,但抑制卵清蛋白致敏大鼠的HIF-1 活性。我们使用NOS-2基因敲除小鼠来评价内源性一氧化氮合成酶-2 在调节NF-κB和( 或) HIF-1 活性及气道过敏性炎症的作用。尽管在NOS-2 基因敲除小鼠中卵清蛋白诱导的NF-κB 活力轻度增高, 这与支气管肺泡灌洗中性粒细胞轻度增加有关, 其他的过敏性炎症指标和HIF-1 活性在NOS-2 基因敲除及野生型小鼠之间却无明显相差。总体来说, 我们的研究表明GSNO灌注能抑制气道过敏性炎症中NF-κB 活性, 但是并不能显著地影响大部分炎症及杯状细胞化生指标, 这样可能因为对其他信号通道( 比如HIF-1) 的影响而限制了它的治疗价值。【述评】 GSNO 是近年哮喘治疗研究的热点。既往的研究发现GSNO 在哮喘治疗中有一定前景。本研究却发现GSNO 气管内滴注虽能抑制过敏性气道炎症中NF-κB 活性,但并不能显著抑制气道炎症反应及杯状细胞化生这两个哮喘关键病理改变, 可能与GSNO 同时影响了HIF-1 等其他信号通路有关。该研究表明GSNO 对哮喘气道炎症治疗效果有限, 同时表明哮喘气道炎症调控机制较为复杂, 治疗药物的设计需考虑多种信号通路对哮喘气道炎症的影响。
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the level of serum amylase and serum IgA and total IgE in henoch-schonlein purpura patients with gastrointestinal involvement (also known as "Henoch purpura "). Methods Levels of serum amylase and serum IgA and total IgE in henoch-schonlein purpura patients with or without abdominal pain or patients with acute abdominal pain were compared. Results The average level (180.3 ± 15.8 IU) of serum amylase of Henoch purpura patients was significantly higher than HSP patients without abdominal pain and acute abdominal pain patients (F=32.214, P=0.009); Ratio of cases of increased level of serum IgA in henoch purpura abdomen patients was 44.2%, and there was no significant difference with HSP patients without abdominal pain. But ratio of two groups was respectively higher than the acute abdominal pain patients group (χ2=13.73, P=0.001); Ratio of cases of increased level of serum IgE in Henoch purpura abdomen patients accounted for 40.4%, but there was no significant difference among the three group (χ2=1.80，P=0.41). Conclusion Levels of serum amylase increase and serum IgA increase conduce to diagnose HSP patients with the onset of abdominal pain, and serum total IgE has little significance.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, EMbase, CENTRAL, VIP, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data were electronically searched for comprehensively collecting the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of MMF for HSPN from inception to December, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. ResultsA total of 10 RCTs involving 426 patients (231 in the trial group and 195 in the control group) were included. The trial group was treated with MMF and corticosteroids, and the control group was treated with corticosteroids monotherapy or combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX), leflunomide (LEF), or azathioprine (AZA). The results of meta-analysis showed that, as for efficacy, no significant difference was found between the two groups after six-mouth treatment (OR=1.36, 95%CI 0.67 to 2.73, P=0.85), while after twelve-mouth treatment, MMF was superior to CTX with a significant difference (OR=6.58, 95%CI 2.45 to 17.33, P=0.002). In addition, the efficacy of MMF was still superior to the azathioprine group, but not better than either LEF or prednisone monotherapy. Lower incidence of side effects were found in the MMF group, compared with the CTX group (OR=0.25, 95%CI 0.13 to 0.45, P < 0.000 01) and the prednisone monotherapy group (OR=0.26, 95%CI, 0.09 to 0.79, P=0.02), while there was no significant difference between the MMF group and the LEF group in side effects. ConclusionBased on the current evidence, the efficacy of MMF for HSPN is better than CTX, and its side effects are less than those of CTX and prednisone.