ObjectiveTo investigate the common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients, and provide references for clinical prevention of allergic rhinitis. MethodsUnderage patients with allergic rhinitis admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and June 2013 were screened and skin prick test (SPT) was applied to investigate the response intensity to 22 kinds of common inhalant allergens and analyze the correlation of the positive rates and grades of allergens with age and sex. ResultsA total of 402 patients were included, and 77.6% (312/402) of them reported positive reaction of SPT; and the top five allergens were dust mites (242/402, 60.2%), house dust (235/402, 58.5%), housefly (142/402, 35.3%), spring pollen Ⅲ (133/402, 33.1%) and mulberry silk (121/402, 30.1%), respectively. Compared with patients whose age was younger than 5 years, both the positive rates and grades of SPT were significantly higher in patients above 5 years old. Additionally, the higher positive rates and grades of SPT were also observed much more in male patients than female patients. ConclusionThe most common inhalant allergens causing allergic rhinitis in underage patients are dust mites and house dust. And the SPT response intensity of inhalant allergens can be affected by age and gender.
摘要:目的:探讨肝素在预防过敏性紫癜性肾炎中的疗效及安全性。方法:采用随机对照的方法,将98例过敏性紫癜患儿分为肝素治疗组(49例)和对照组(49例),肝素组给予肝素钠100～150 Ｕ加入5%葡萄糖100～200 mL中静脉点滴,每日1次,连用5～7天,以后每两周查尿常规1次,至少观察3个月或以上。结果:肝素治疗组发生肾炎3例(6.1%),对照组发生肾炎11例(22.4%),肝素治疗组肾炎发生率低于对照组(0.01lt;P≤0.05)。结论:肝素对预防紫癜性肾炎的发生有效,且不良反应少。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the heparin in the prevention of allergic purpura nephritis in the efficacy and safety. Methods:A randomizedcontrolled method, 98 cases of allergic purpura patients were divided into heparin in the treatment group (49 cases) and control group (49 cases), heparin group received heparin, 100150 u in 5% glucose 100 ~ 200 mL in the intravenous drip, day 1, used in conjunction 57 days, after a routine urine check every two weeks times, at least for 3 months or more.Results: The results of heparin treatment group occurred nephritis in 3 cases (6.1%), glomerulonephritis in 11 cases in control group (22.4%), glomerulonephritis incidence of heparin in the treatment group than the control group (0.01lt;P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: heparin in preventing the occurrence of HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis and effective, and less adverse reactions.
Objective To investigate whether the peri pheral administration of amitri ptyl ine produces antihyperalgesiceffect following the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. Methods Forty-eight maleCCI rats weighing (220 ± 20) g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8)：group NS, group A2.5, group A5, group A10,group A15.9 and group Aip. In the group NS, group A2.5, group A5, group A10 and group A15.9, sciatic nerve blockade was locally performed with 0.5 mL normal sal ine, and 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.9 mmol/L amitriptyl ine respectively through implanted cannulas on the 7th day after operation. In the group Aip, amitriptyl ine (2.5 mg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and motor function were measured before and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after sciatic nerve blockade. Results Forty-eight CCI rats were all survival without infection palsy and catheter fall ing off. The rats of group A2.5, group NS and group Aip didn’t produce ambulation deficits. There were no significant difference in these 3 groups (P gt; 0.05). However compared with group A2.5, group NS and group Aip, the rats of group A5, group A10, group A15.9 all produced significant ambulation deficits (P lt; 0.05). The ambulation deficits lasted 2 hours (group A5), 4 hours (group A10), 8 hours (group A15.9) respectively. But the ambulation deficits of CCI rats were all reversible. The MWT and TWL of groups with local injection of amitriptyl ine increased when conpared with group NS, group Aip and those of before injection (P lt; 0.05). Sciatic nerve blockade with amitriptyl ine significantly suppressed mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic rats. The peripheral anti-hyperalgesic effects lasted 2 hours (A2.5 group), 4 hours (group A5), 24 hours (group A10), 24 hours (group A15.9) respectively. But there were no significant difference between A10 group and A15.9 group (P gt; 0.05). There were no significant difference between group NS and group Aip (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion The peri pheral anti-hyperalgesic effects can be found in sciatic nerve blockade of amitri ptyl ine on CCI rats. And this effect of amitri ptyl ine has concentration dependent and ceil ing effect. Amitri ptyl ine of 5.0-15.9 mmol/L can produce significantambulation deficits which are reversible.
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and nursing strategy of Comfeel transparent paste in treating peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC)-associated allergic dermatitis. MethodsSixty patients with PICC puncture-associated local allergic dermatitis treated between June 2011 and March 2013 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 30 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste, while the control group was treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and 3M transparent dressing. The curative effect was compared between the two methods. ResultsTwelve patients were cured with a curing rate of 40.0% in the control group and 22 patients were cured, and the curing rate was 73.3% in the experimental group. The difference between them was significant (P<0.05). ConclusionTreatment with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Comfeel transparent paste for PICC-associated allergic dermatitis is quite effective, and the patients felt comfortable with low pains. In addition, it reduces the extubation rate of PICC and improves the care quality.
摘要:目的:评价孟鲁司特用于过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、维普及CNKI数据库,手工收集有关孟鲁司特用于过敏性鼻炎治疗的临床研究,根据纳入和剔除标准汇集文献,采用Jadad量表进行纳入文献质量评价,对总体治疗有效性使用Revman4.2软件进行Meta分析。结果:疗效评价共纳入9个临床随机对照研究共650例。有效率孟鲁司特组高于对照组,异质性检验显示各亚组及其合并总有效率P值均大于0.1,I2lt;50%,采用固定效应模型计算。2周时孟鲁司特组和对照组无统计学差异(Pgt;0.1),但2月、3月时二组均有显著性统计学差异(Plt;0.000 01),三个亚组综合分析孟鲁司特组和对照组有显著性统计学差异(Plt;0.000 01),不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论:现有临床证据显示孟鲁司特较传统抗过敏药物对过敏性鼻炎的治疗有效,但由于纳入研究存在选择性偏倚和测量性偏倚的可能性,势必影响结果的论证强度。故期待更多高质量的随机双盲对照试验性研究,以提供更高质量的证据。Abstract: Objective: To evaluate montelukast for allergic rhinitis clinical efficacy and safety. Methods: We searched the PubMed,VIP and CNKI databases, manual collection of clinical study about allergic rhinitis treatment of montelukast, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for pooling of literature, Jadad scale used for quality assessment of the literature. Then use Revman4.2 Meta analysis software to evaluate the overall effectiveness. Results: Nine RCT clinical study have been included, The results showed that montelukast group was higher than control group on efficient control, Heterogeneity test showed that the subgroup and its total effective rate is Pgt;01,I2lt;50%. Therefore, we adopted a fixed effects model. After 2 weeks montelukast group and the control group no significant difference (Pgt;0.1). But after 2,3 month the two groups were statistically significant differences(Plt;0.000 01). On a comprehensive analysis of the three subgroups, montelukast group and the control group statistically significant differences(Plt;0.000 01), adverse drug reactions was no significant difference. Conclusion: The available clinical evidence to show that montelukast for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and effective, However, due to the existence of selection and measurement bias, This may affect the outcome of the argument strength.Therefore look forward to more highquality randomized and doubleblind controlled trials to provide highquality evidence.
【摘要翻译】 一 氧化氮合酶( NOS) -2( NOS-2) 的诱导和一氧化氮产物增加是过敏性气道疾病的共同特征。严重哮喘与气道S-亚硝基硫醇减少相关。S-亚硝基硫醇是NO的生化产物, 可通过促炎症转录因子NF-κB 的S-亚硝基化抑制炎症反应。因此, 重建气道S-亚硝基硫醇对治疗可能有益。我们对此假设在以卵清蛋白诱导的过敏性炎症大鼠模型中进行验证。未使用或使用卵清蛋白致敏的动物均在卵清蛋白激发前于气管内灌注S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽( GSNO;50 μl, 10 mM) , 并在48 h 以后进行分析。GSNO 给药增加了肺组织S-亚硝基硫醇水平。与对照组比, GSNO 降低了卵清蛋白致敏动物NF-κB 的活性, 但对支气管肺泡灌洗细胞总数、分类计数及杯状细胞化生标记物均无显著影响。GSNO给药也改变了HIF-1 的活性, 导致未致敏大鼠HIF-1 活化,但抑制卵清蛋白致敏大鼠的HIF-1 活性。我们使用NOS-2基因敲除小鼠来评价内源性一氧化氮合成酶-2 在调节NF-κB和( 或) HIF-1 活性及气道过敏性炎症的作用。尽管在NOS-2 基因敲除小鼠中卵清蛋白诱导的NF-κB 活力轻度增高, 这与支气管肺泡灌洗中性粒细胞轻度增加有关, 其他的过敏性炎症指标和HIF-1 活性在NOS-2 基因敲除及野生型小鼠之间却无明显相差。总体来说, 我们的研究表明GSNO灌注能抑制气道过敏性炎症中NF-κB 活性, 但是并不能显著地影响大部分炎症及杯状细胞化生指标, 这样可能因为对其他信号通道( 比如HIF-1) 的影响而限制了它的治疗价值。【述评】 GSNO 是近年哮喘治疗研究的热点。既往的研究发现GSNO 在哮喘治疗中有一定前景。本研究却发现GSNO 气管内滴注虽能抑制过敏性气道炎症中NF-κB 活性,但并不能显著抑制气道炎症反应及杯状细胞化生这两个哮喘关键病理改变, 可能与GSNO 同时影响了HIF-1 等其他信号通路有关。该研究表明GSNO 对哮喘气道炎症治疗效果有限, 同时表明哮喘气道炎症调控机制较为复杂, 治疗药物的设计需考虑多种信号通路对哮喘气道炎症的影响。