Objective To observe the location of peripapillary choroidal watershed zones relative to the optic disc in the different types of glaucoma. Methods A total of 98 patients (98 eyes) with glaucoma (glaucoma group) were enrolled in this study. The eyes included 34 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG group), 33 eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG group) and 31 eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG group). Thirty-seven fellow eyes of 37 patients with monocular blunt trauma were selected in this study as control group. The differences of age (t=1.197), sex (chi;2=3.548), average diopter (t=-1.644) between glaucoma group and control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The differences of age (F=2.645), sex (F=1.984), average diopter (F=2.621), and visual fields mean defect (MD) (F=0.899) between different types of glaucoma were also not statistically significan(P＞0.05).Simultaneous indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed on all subjects. The watershed zones were classified into three types according to its location relative to the optic disc: in type Ⅰ, the watershed zone did not include the optic disc or could not be observed; in type Ⅱ, the watershed zone partially included the optic disc; in type Ⅲ, the watershed zone completely included the optic disc. The location of watershed zones relative to the optic disc in the different types of glaucoma was comparatively analyzed. The relationship between watershed zones, type and age, and MD were also analyzed by Pearson analysis method. Results The constituent ratio of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ watershed zones were 81.6% and 56.8% in glaucoma group and control group, respectively; with a statistically significant difference (chi;2=8.756,P＜0.003). The constituent ratios of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ watershed zones were 82.4%, 90.9%, 71.1% in POAG, NTG and CACG group, respectively. No significant differences were found between POAG and NTG group (chi;2=1.039), POAG and CACG group (chi;2=1.039, 1.166;P＞0.05). But there was significant difference between NTG and CACG group (chi;2=4.107,P＜0.05). Significant differences were found between POAG and control group, NTG and control group (chi;2=5.352, 10.141;P＜0.05). No significant difference was found between CACG and control group (chi;2=1.444,P＞0.05). There was no correlation between age and watershed zone type (r=0.114,P＞0.05). The watershed zones type of glaucoma group positively correlated with MD (r=0.354,P=0.000). Conclusion The peripapillary choroidal watershed zones in glaucoma patients include the optic disc more than in healthy eyes.
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combination regimen in the first-line treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC were systematically retrieved from the Chinese and English electronic databases from inception to September 2023. The combination regimen includes PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor+chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor+chemotherapy+anti-angiogenic agents (bevacizumab), and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor+CTLA4 inhibitor (ipilimumab). The network meta-analysis was performed using StataMP16.0 and R4.2.0 software. ResultsA total of 13 RCTs were collected, including 7 764 patients. In terms of effectiveness, compared with chemotherapy, several regimens improved overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR). Among them, toripalimab (Tor) plus chemotherapy (CT) may be associated with the best OS, and nivolumab plus bevacizumab and chemotherapy (Niv+Bev+CT) may provide the best PFS. Pembrolizumab (Pem) combined with CT was associated with the best treatment regimen for improving ORR. In terms of safety, except sintilimab (Sin) and Pem, the incidence of grade≥3 adverse events of all treatment regimens was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy (P<0.05). The incidence of AEs≥3 grade in Cam+CT was higher than that in Sin+CT (OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.25-0.80) and Pem+CT (OR=0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.88). And the incidence of ≥3grade AEs in Atezolizumab (Ate) +Bev+CT (OR=2.32, 95%CI 1.14-4.71; OR=1.97, 95%CI 1.02-3.79) was also higher than that in Sin+CT and Pem+CT (P<0.05). Conclusion In non-squamous NSCLC patients, PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy can bring more benefits to advanced NSCLC patients than chemotherapy alone.
This paper, focusing on vascular cognitive impairment, summarizes the current situation of cognitive impairment rehabilitation at home and abroad, and makes a comprehensive and systematic introduction and review on the concept, assessment, and treatment of cognitive impairment, and so on. This paper raises people’s awareness of cognitive impairment and guides people to make appropriate choices about assessment and treatment methods according to different conditions, in order to improve the diagnosis rate of cognitive impairment, and to comprehensively adopt various rehabilitation treatment methods to improve cognitive rehabilitation efficacy. At the same time, it points out the weak points and future development trend of cognitive impairment rehabilitation in order to help the future work.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of pathogenesis and genetics of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AIONFH). MethodsThe relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years was extensively reviewed. The pathogenesis, the relationship between gene polymorphism and susceptibility, the related factors of disease progression, and the potential therapeutic targets of AIONFH were summarized. ResultsAIONFH is a refractory orthopedic disease caused by excessive drinking, seriously affecting the daily life of patients due to its high disability rate. The pathogenesis of AIONFH includes lipid metabolism disorder, endothelial dysfunction, bone homeostasis imbalance, and et al. Gene polymorphism and non-coding RNA are also involved. The hematological and molecular changes involved in AIONFH may be used as early diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets of the disease. ConclusionThe pathogenesis of AIONFH has not been fully elucidated. Research based on genetics, including gene polymorphism and non-coding RNA, combined with next-generation sequencing technology, may provide directions for future research on the mechanism and discovery of potential therapeutic targets.