ObjectiveTo observe the clinical features of retinal arterial occlusion (RAO) in youth.MethodsThis is a retrospective case review. Nine patients (9 eyes) with RAO were enrolled in this study. There were 6 males (6 eyes) and 3 females (3 eyes). The average age was (14.22±3.93) years. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus color photography and fundus fluorescein angiography were performed. All patients underwent systemic evaluation including blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood lipids, vasculitis screening, homocysteine level, antiphospholipid antibody, blood coagulation, neck vascular ultrasound, and cardiac color ultrasound and electrocardiogram examination. All patients received oxygen therapy, blood medications and symptomatic treatment. Meanwhile, the patients with autoimmune diseases were received systemic glucocorticoid therapy. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 12 months. The visual acuity and fundus change before and after treatment were compared.Resultsamong 9 patients, one patient had systemic lupus erythematosus, one patient had congenital heart disease, one patient had hypergammaglobulinemia, and carotid artery color ultrasonography showed that the internal carotid artery vessels faltered in 2 cases. The BCVA was 0.01 - 0.12. Among 9 eyes, there were 5 eyes (55.6%) with retinal branch artery occlusion (BRAO), 2 eyes (22.2%) with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), 2 eyes (22.2%) with ciliary retinal artery occlusion (CLAO). CRAO eyes showed positive RAPD (relative afferent pupillary defect), fine retinal artery and the corresponding vein, pale white retinal edema in posterior area and macular cherry-red spot. BRAO eyes manifested as inferior temporal artery occlusion and pale white retinal edema around them. CLAO eyes showed temporal ligulate grey-white retinal edema. At the last follow-up, BCVA improved and retinal vessels returned to normal in 7 eyes (77.8%); BCVA unchanged and no improvement in fundus in 2 eyes (22.2%).ConclusionAdolescent RAO is mostly partial occlusion, the prognosis is generally good after early active treatment.
目的:观察在青少年脊柱侧凸患者中术前实施综合性呼吸操锻炼的临床效果方法:选取46例伴有不同程度肺功能障碍的青少年脊柱侧弯患者作为研究对象,对其自入院后第一天即开始实施综合性呼吸操锻炼,观察术前肺功能的变化情况及术后肺部并发症的发生情况。结果:锻炼后患者肺活量(VC)、肺容量(TLC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、最大通气量(MVV),等肺功能指标较锻炼前有明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(Plt;0.05);术后血氧饱和度gt;95%;无肺部并发症发生。结论:入院后即进行综合性呼吸操锻炼能在近期有效改善患者肺功能,提高患者对脊柱矫形手术的耐受力,对预防和减少术后肺部感染以及呼吸功能不全的发生有积极作用。
Objective To retrospectively analyze the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and causes of misdiagnosis of Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, so as to provide basis for improving the diagnosis and treatment of JME. Methods 979 patients with epilepsy in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were analyzed retrospectively. There.were515males and 464females,average.age(18.66+8.31)years,.The epidemiological characteristics of JME were analyzed. The clinical characteristics, EEG, treatment effect and prognosis of patients diagnosed with JME were analyzed. The causes of misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and delayed treatment were analyzed. Results The proportion of JME in 979 patients with epilepsy was 1.4%, a total of 14 cases. The median age of onset was (15+5.83) years, the median time from onset to treatment was 3 years, and the median time from onset to diagnosis was 6 years. All patients showed myoclonic seizures, 13 cases were complicated with generalized tonic clonic seizures, and 4 cases were accompanied by absence seizures. EEG findings include normal background activity, 3-6 Hz generalized spikes or frontal dominant multiple spikes at the beginning of arousal. seven patients were treated with levetiracetam, and the other seven patients were treated with lamotrigine and / or sodium valproate. Incomplete collection of medical history and failure to describe the medical history in detail are the main reasons for delaying diagnosis. Conclusion Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is an treatable disease, but it is easy to be misdiagnosed. The rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of JME in Xinjiang is higher, and the delay of diagnosis and treatment is longer. The inquiry of more detailed and demonstrative medical history is of great significance to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
Objective To identify genes associated with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) by screening for gene mutation loci and clinical phenotype analysis in a JOAG family. Methods In January 2021, an ophthalmic examination was performed on members of a family with JOAG. Whole-exome sequencing was done on the proband to look for pathogenic genes. Family members were validated using Sanger sequencing, and a long-term follow-up was conducted. Results Three generations of the family comprised eight individuals, including three patients with JOAG. All patients carried a missense mutation in the MYOC gene c.1130C>G (p.Thr377Arg), which showed autosomal dominant inheritance. Other unaffected family members were not found to have the mutation. Conclusion The c.1130C>G (p.Thr377Arg) mutation in the MYOC gene may be responsible for the pathogenesis of this JOAG family.
ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of distal adding-on phenomenon after posterior selective fusion in type Lenke 1A idiopathic scoliosis, to analyze its risk factors so as to find the reasonable choice for lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV). MethodsA retrospective study was made on the clinical data of 43 patients with type Lenke 1A idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior selection fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation between July 2011 and December 2015. There were 15 males and 28 females, aged 12-18 years (mean, 16 years). The preoperative Cobb angle was (50.1±11.3)°. The anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken at preoperation, immediate after operation, and last follow-up to measure the radiographic parameters. Forty-three patients were divided into adding-on group and control group according to whether or not the occurrence of distal adding-on phenomenon on anteroposterior radiographs of the spine at last follow-up. All the factors that maybe cause distsal adding-on were evaluated by statistical analysis. ResultsThe patients were followed up 12-50 months (mean, 26.5 months). At last follow-up, distal adding-on was observed in 10 of 43 patients (23.3%), including 2 males (13.3%) and 8 females (28.6%). Univariate analyses showed following several factors associated with adding-on:preoperative lumbar flexibility, preoperative pelvic tilt in coronal plane, preoperative LIV+1 deviation from center sacral vertical line, L4 subtype, the difference between LIV and last touching vertebra (LTV) (LIV-LTV), the difference between LIV and lower end vertebra (LEV) (LIV-LEV), and the difference between LIV and stable vertebra (SV) (LIV-SV). The risk factors above were brought into Logistic regression model, the results showed that preoperative LIV+1 deviation (deviation>10 mm, odds ratio=10.812, P=0.026), LIV-LTV (LIV-LTV<1, odds ratio=9.017, P=0.04), and L4 subtype (1A-R, odds ratio=9.744, P=0.047) were significantly associated with adding-on. ConclusionPreoperative LIV+1 deviation of >10 mm, L4 subtype (1A-R) and LIV-LTV of <1 are independent predictive factors of adding-on after surgery. As high risk of adding-on was closely related with the incorrect fusion level, it plays an important role for surgeons to decide the level of the fusion before surgery thoroughly. The LIV should be extended at least to LTV+1 to avoid adding-on phenomenon.
ObjectiveTo explore the trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adolescents after metabolic bariatric surgery and to identify influencing factors. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 208 adolescents who underwent metabolic bariatric surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2023 to December 2024. Data on quality of life were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, along with related scale assessments at 6 months. Latent class growth modeling was applied to identify trajectory categories of quality of life. Demographic characteristics and scale points were compared across groups, and unordered multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors. ResultsThree distinct HRQoL trajectories were identified by latent class growth model: low-level improvement group (102 cases, 49.0%), moderate-level stable group (74 cases, 35.6%), and high-level decline group (32 cases, 15.4%). Significant differences were observed among groups in BMI, percentage of excess weight loss (EWL%), points of body image, self-esteem, objective support, support utilization and appearance anxiety index at 6 months after operation (P<0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, patients in the low-level improvement group had the lowest BMI and the highest EWL%, along with higher body image and support utilization points. Patients in the moderate-level stable group experienced less weight reduction than those in the low-level improvement group, with only limited improvement in quality of life. Although patients in the high-level decline group initially had better preoperative quality of life, they showed the least postoperative weight loss, the lowest body image and support utilization points, and higher appearance anxiety points, with a progressive decline in quality of life. Results of unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that postoperative BMI, EWL%, points of body image, and support utilization were influencing factors associated with HRQoL trajectories (P<0.05). ConclusionsMetabolic bariatric surgery improves quality of life in most adolescents, yet a subgroup experiences unfavorable trajectories. Postoperative weight loss, body image, and social support are critical determinants. Early identification and targeted interventions are needed to optimize long-term outcomes.
Objective To investigate short-term effectiveness of using expert adolescent lateral femoral nail (EALFN) in treating femoral shaft fractures in older children and adolescents. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 17 patients with femoral shaft fractures who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted between July 2020 and June 2024. All fractures were fixed with EALFN after reduction. There were 11 males and 6 females, with a mean age of 13.3 years (range, 11-16 years). The average body weight was 51.2 kg (range, 40-84 kg), and the average height was 162.1 cm (range, 150-172 cm). The causes of injury included traffic accidents (n=9), falling from height (n=1), and simple falls (n=7). One patient had an open fracture treated with an external fixator and experienced delayed fracture healing. The remaining patients were closed fractures, with an average time from injury to operation of 5.8 days (range, 2-10 days). Operation time and postoperative hospital stay were documented. During follow-up, X-ray films were taken to observe the fracture healing, and the bilateral femoral length, femoral neck-shaft angle, widest femoral neck diameter (FND), and articular trochanteric distance (ATD) were measured at last follow-up. Hip function was assessed using the Harris score. The differences in the all indicators between the healthy and affected sides were compared. Results The operation time ranged from 65 to 130 minutes (mean, 94.1 minutes). Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 5 to 40 days (mean, 16.7 days). All patients were followed up 7-36 months (mean, 14.4 months). One patient exhibited delayed fracture healing during follow-up. The distal locking nail was removed at 6 months after operation, and partial weight-bearing was initiated following dynamic fracture stabilization. The fracture healing was achieved, and the intramedullary nail was removed at 24 months after operation. The other fractures healed with the healing time of 6-20 months (mean, 9.6 months), and the intramedullary nails were removed. During follow-up, no femoral fracture, abnormal development of the greater trochanter, or ischemic necrosis of the femoral head occurred. At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in femoral length, femoral neck-shaft angle, FND, ATD, or Harris score between the affected and healthy sides (P>0.05). Conclusion For older children and adolescents with femoral neck fractures, the application of EALFN fixation aligns more closely with the principles of intramedullary central fixation and rapid rehabilitation. This approach is associated with fewer complications and superior short-term effectiveness.
ObjectiveTo investigate the morphology of endplate shape in teens with lumbar degenerative disc disease by means of MRI and the correlation between endplate shape and lumbar disc degeneration. MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 31 teenage patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent MRI examination between January 2011 and April 2015. The morphology of endplate was classified into three groups:concave, flat and irregular based on the midsagittal T1-weighed MRI. The degree of disc degeneration was graded on T1-weighed MRI according to Pfirrmann's method with one to five points representing grade Ⅰ to Ⅴ. All endplates were determined by Modic grading system. The associations between morphology of endplate in lower lumbar spine and disc degenerative degree as well as Modic changes were evaluated retrospectively. ResultsAmong the 93 endplates, concave represented the maximum proportion (52/93). Irregular endplate increased from L3/4(4/21) to L5/S1(10/21) gradually. The average degenerative degree for concave, flat and irregular endplate was respectively (1.19±0.11) points, (2.25±0.43) points and (3.33±0.51) point, which showed significant differences (P<0.05). Irregular was the majority in protruding sections, and concave was the majority of non-protruding sections. There were 27 modic changes in 93 endplates, in which irregular was the most, showing significant difference (P<0.05), while the difference between concave and flat endplate was not significant (P>0.05). ConclusionWe can use endplate morphology, modic changes and disc degeneration to reflect degree of disc degeneration in teenage patients. Since the L5/S1 segments bear the greatest power in the lower lumbar spine, they are most prone to disc degeneration with more irregular endplates.