OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, pathological mechanism and treatment of cervical fracture-dislocation without spinal cord injury. METHODS: Nine patients with cervical fracture-dislocation without spinal cord injury were male and aged 22 to 63 years. Based on the clinical symptoms and roentgenographic changes, the injury mechanism was analyzed; and the pathological characteristics and treatment principle were put forward. RESULTS: Anterior reduction was employed in all 9 cases. Eight cases were reduced completely while 1 case was reduced partially. After following up 1 to 3 years, 7 cases recovered completely and the other 2 cases relieved their symptoms obviously. No nervous symptoms aggravated during the following-up period. CONCLUSION: Fracture-dislocation of the cervical spine without spinal cord injury has special pathological mechanism. The surgical intervention is needed for solid fixation and complete decompression without any delayed neurosymptoms.
To compare the effectiveness of the operations in treatment of thoracolumber spine fracture and dislocation with spinal cord injury in different periods. Methods Between June 2003 and June 2008, 80 cases of thoracolumber spine fracture and dislocation with spinal cord injury were treated. There were 52 males and 28 females with an average age of 37.6 years (range, 28-49 years). According to different operative time, they were divided into 2 groups by randomized controlled study: group A (n=39, operation was performed within 24 hours) and group B (n=41, operation was performed at 3-7 days). In group A, there were 23 cases of degree I-II (group A1), 16 cases of degree III-V (group A2) according to Meyerding standard, including 17 cases of grade A, 7 cases of grade B, 9 cases of grade C, and 6 cases of grade D according to Frankel scoring system. In group B, there were 21 cases of degree I-II (group B1) and 20 cases of degree III-V (group B2), including 20 cases of grade A, 7 cases of grade B, 11 cases of grade C, and 3 cases of grade D. All cases were treated with posterior spinal cord decompression and reduction, with internal fixation by pedicle screw-rod system and transforamen lumbar interbody fusion. Results The blood loss was (407.4 ± 24.3) mL in group A1 and (397.4 ± 8.2) mL in group B1, showing no significant difference (t=1.804, P=0.078); the blood loss was (1 046.9 ± 128.6) mL in group A2 and (494.4 ± 97.7) mL in group B2, showing significant difference (t=14.660, P=0.000). All 80 patients were followed up 2 years to 2 years and 6 months (mean, 2 years and 3 months) with satisfactory results in spinal cord decompression and reduction, and bony fusion was achieved at 12 months. There was no significant difference in the vertebral canal volume, vertebral height, and Cobb angle at both pre- and postoperation between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). No loosening or breakage of screws and rods occurred. At 12 months after operation, the cure rates were 47.83% (11/23) in group A1 and 19.05% (4/21) in group B1, showing significant difference (χ2=4.046, P=0.044); the cure rates were 12.50% (2/16) in group A2 and 10.00% (2/20) in group B2, showing no significant difference (χ2=0.056, P=0.813). There was no significant difference (χ2=0.024, P=0.878) in the cure rates in the patients at grades A and B before operation between group A (12.50%, 3/24) and group B (11.11%, 3/27); but there was significant difference (χ2=5.992, P=0.014) in the cure rates in the patients at grades C and D before operation between group A (66.67%, 10/15) and group B (21.43%, 3/14). Conclusion Emergency operation of posterior pedicle screw-rod system for treatment of thoracolumber spine fracture and dislocation with spinal cord injury can provide good reduction, rigid fixation, and high fusion rate, so it is asafe and effective treatment method.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of operation via anterior approach in treating pelvic crescent fra cture. Methods Between June 2007 and December 2009, 18 patients with pelvic crescent fracture were treated, including 11 males and 7 females with an average age of 32 years (range, 19-52 years). The locations were the right in 8 cases and the leftin 10 cases. Fractures were caused by traffic accident in 10 cases, by fall ing from height in 5 cases, and by crushing with heavy weights in 3 cases. All patients suffered lateral compression injuries of the pelvis. The mean time from injury to operation was 7.8 days (range, 3-22 days). The preoperative mean displacement of the posterior pelvic ring was 13.7 mm (range, 5-24 mm) according to the method described by Matta et al. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, displacement correction of the posterior pelvic ring, fracture heal ing time, and Hannover pelvic score were recorded. Results The average operation time was 175 minutes (range, 110-230 minutes); the average intraoperative blood loss was 561.7 mL (range, 300-1 100 mL); the postoperative mean displacement of the posterior pelvic ring was 1.2 mm (range, 0-3 mm); and the mean displacement correction of the posterior pelvic ring was 12.6 mm (range, 4-23 mm). No intraoperative lumbosacral nervous injury occurred. Superficial wound infection occurred in 2 cases and was cured after 1 week of wound drainage and appl ication of antibiotic. The others achieved heal ing of incision by first intention. Fifteen patients were followed up 16.1 months on average (range, 13-22 months). The X-ray films showed fracture heal ing in all patients. The fracture heal ing time was 3.6 months on average (range, 3-4 months). No patient had loss of reduction or failure of internal fixation. The cl inical outcome was excellent in 10 cases (66.7%) and good in 5 cases (33.3%) according to Hannover pelvic score; social reintegration was complete in 13 cases (86.7%) and incomplete in 2 cases (13.3%). Conclusion Operation via anterior approach is a good choice in the treatment of pelvic crescent fracture.
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of artificial dura mater on the prevention and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage associated with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation. Methods A total of 58 patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation combined with dura mater injury and CSF leakage were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2011 to December 2016, including 30 males and 28 females, aged from 15 to 86 years, with an average of (51.8±16.3) years. All patients were treated with posterior pedicle screw system for decompression, reduction fixation and fusion, dura mater and spinal cord injury were investigated, and external nerve roots or caudate nerves were exposed. At the same time; the dura mater was sutured and repaired and partially covered with gelatinous sponge (group A, 24 cases), or after dura mater was sutured and repaired, the artificial dura mater was partially covered (group B, 34 cases). The curative effect and complications of the two different treatment methods were evaluated. Results All operations were successfully completed. The operative time was 110–340 minutes, with an average of (195.0±10.4) minutes; the intraoperative blood loss was 200–2 800 mL, with an average of (845.0±26.5) mL. In group A, 13 patients (54.1%) acquired wound healing, and the average CSF leakage duration was (13.4±1.6) days postoperatively, among whom 3 cases were complicated with pseudomeningocele; 11 cases (45.9%) failed and necessitated additional management. Among the 11 cases, 6 case had no decreasing tendency of CSF leakage after 10-day drainage, and after subarachnoid drainage was performed, CSF leakage disappeared about 15 days after operation; 3 (12.5%) with wound infection underwent operative incision debridement, after the repair of the dura sac, the subarachnoid CSF was drainage at the lumbar part combined with the systemic situation with antibiotics and other symptomatic treatment, and the patients were cured about 16 days after the operation; 2 (8.3%) with spinal meningitis underwent subarachnoid CSF drainage and administration of antibiotics, and the CSF leakage ceased about 14 days after operation. In group B, 27 patients (79.4%) acquired wound healing, and the average CSF leakage duration was (9.1±1.7) days postoperatively; among whom, 4 cases were complicated with pseudomeningocele; 7 cases (20.6%) failed and necessitated additional management. Among the 7 cases, 5 cases had no decreasing tendency of CSF leakage after 10-day drainage, and CSF leakage disappeared around 12 days after treatment; 1 case (2.9%) with wound infection and 1 case (2.9%) with spinal meningitis, both were cured after the treatment as in group A. Conclusion Dural suture repair combined with artificial dura mater mulch repair can more effectively repair the dura tears associated with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture dislocation and reduce the incidence of CSF leakage.
Objective To explore the effectiveness of Colorado 2TM system in the stabil ity reconstruction of sacroil iac joint fracture and dislocation in Tile C pelvic fracture. Methods Between February 2009 and January 2011，8 cases of Tile C pelvic fracture were treated with Colorado 2TM system. There were 3 males and 5 females with an average age of 34.4years (range，22-52 years). Fractures were caused by traffic accident in 3 cases, by fall ing from height in 3 cases，and by crash of heavy object in 2 cases. According to Tile classification, 5 cases were classified as C1-2, 2 cases as C1-3，and 1 case as C2. The time between injury and operation was 5-10 days (mean, 7 days). After skeletal traction reduction, Colorado 2TM system was used to fix sacroil iac joint, and reconstruction plate or external fixation was selectively adopted. Results The postoperative X-ray films showed that the reduction of vertical and rotatory dislocation was satisfactory, posterior pelvic ring achieved effective stabil ity. All the incisions healed by first intention, and no blood vessel or nerve injury occurred. Eight patients were followed up 6-24 months (mean, 12 months). No loosening or breakage of internal fixation was observed and no re-dislocation of sacroil iac joint occurred. The bone heal ing time was 6-12 months (mean, 9 months). According to Majeed’s functional criterion, the results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 2 cases, and fair in 1 case at last follow-up. Conclusion Colorado 2TM system could provide immediate stabil ity of pelvic posterior ring and good maintenance of reduction effect, which is an effective method in the therapy of sacroil iac joint fracture and dislocation in Tile C pelvic fracture.
Objective To study the operative procedure and the effectiveness of arthroscopic therapy for ankle joint impingement syndrome after operation of ankle joint fracture dislocation. Methods Between March 2008 and April 2010, 38 patients with ankle joint impingement syndrome after operation of ankle joint fracture dislocation were treated. Among them, therewere 28 males and 10 females with an average age of 28 years (range, 18 to 42 years). The time from internal fixation to admission was 12-16 months (mean, 13.8 months). There were pressing pain in anterolateral and anterior ankle. The dorsal extension ranged from — 20 to — 5° (mean, —10.6°), and the palmar flexion was 30-40° (mean, 35.5°). The total score was 48.32 ± 9.24 and the pain score was 7.26 ± 1.22 before operation according to American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score system. The X-ray films showed osteophyte formation in anterior tibia and talus; MRI showed cartilage injury in 22 cases. Arthroscopic intervention included removing osteophytes, debriding fabric scars and synovial membrane tissues, and removing osteochondral fragments. Arthroscopic microfracture technique was used in 22 patients with cartilage injury. Results All incisions healed primarily. Thirty-eight cases were followed up 10-26 months (mean, 16 months). At last follow-up, 26 patients had normal range of motion (ROM); the dorsal extension was 15-25° (mean, 19.6°) and the palmar flexion was 35-45° (mean, 40.7°). Eight patients had mild l imited ROM; the dorsal extension was 5-15° (mean, 7.2°) and the palmar flexion was 35-45° (mean, 39.5°). Four patients had mild l imited ROM and pain in posterior portion of the ankle after a long walking (3-4 hours); the dorsal extension was 0-5° (mean, 2.6°) and the palmar flexion was 35-40° (mean, 37.5°). The total score was 89.45 ± 9.55 and the pain score was 1.42 ± 1.26 after operation according to AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score system, showing significant differences when compared with preoperative ones (t=21.962, P=0.000; t=16.762, P=0.000). Conclusion Arthroscopic treatment of ankle joint impingement syndrome after operation of ankle joint fracture dislocation is an effective, simple, and safe method.
Objective To investigate the method and effectiveness of operative treatment of anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation. Methods Between January 2007 and December 2010, 10 cases of anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation were treated. There were 6 males and 4 females with an average age of 46.1 years (range, 27-68 years). The injury was caused by traffic accident in 7 cases, falling from height in 2 cases, and falling in 1 case. Nine cases were fresh fracture and 1 case was old fracture. There were 9 cases of ulnar olecranon comminuted fracture and 1 case of simple oblique fracture. Associated fractures were Regan-Morrey type III coronoid process fractures in 5 cases, Mason type II radial head fracture in 1 case, and Mason type III radial head fracture in 1 case. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed in all cases: reconstruction plates were used in 4 cases, tension band and reconstruction plates in 5 cases, and tension band and one-third tubular plate in 1 case; bone graft was performed in 2 cases. Results All incisions healed by first intention. The patients were followed up 12-26 months (mean, 19.8 months). The X-ray films showed that fractures healing was achieved at 12-24 weeks (mean, 16.4 weeks). No failure of internal fixation, ulnohumeral joint instability, or traumatic arthritis occurred. At last follow-up, the elbow function score was 69-100 (mean, 89.1) according to the Broberg-Morrey evaluation criteria; the results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases with an excellent and good rate of 80%. The Disability of Arm-Shoulder-Hand (DASH) score was 0-22 (mean, 9). The visual analogue score (VAS) was 0-3 (mean, 0.5). Conclusion For anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation, an early and stable anatomic reconstruction of the trochlear notch of the ulna with plates and early active mobilization are given, the good functional results can be obtained.