Objective To study the etiology of primary intrahepatic stones. MethodsThe literatures in the recent years on the etiology of intrahepatic stone were revieved. Results The formation of intrahepatic stone mainly caused by bacteria infection, parasitic infestation, bile stasis, congenital anatomic abnormalities and immunoreaction of bile tract. Further investigation found that metabolic, low protein diet, environment and ethnic factors and gene mutation were considered to play important roles in the formation of the intrahepatic stone. Conclusion The formation of intrahepatic stone is complex and are result of multiple factors. It closely related to the infection and stasis of the bile duct.
Abstract： Objective To study the difference of gene expression profile of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） cultured in vitro from coronary heart disease patient with or without diabetes mellitus by Affymetrix Gene array. Methods One male patient at age of 53 years with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus was included in this study with the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another male patient at age of 51 years with coronary heart disease without diabetes mellitus was also included in this study with the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. MSCs of the two patients were isolated and purified by the methods of density gradient centrifugation with lymphocyte separation medium for human and adherent filtration. The MSCs expression profile of cytokines and signal transduction genes were examined by Affymetrix gene array. Results There were 27 functional protein genes expression in the patient with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus relating to cell apoptosis, cytokine, and signal transduction. Among them, the expression of 13 functional genes, including TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF21, NGF, CAV2, ITGA8, TNS1, ITGA2, AKT3, MBP, MAP2, INHBA, FST, PLA2G5, increased significantly in the patient with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. However, the expression level of 14 genes, including EPR1, BIRC5, HELLS, BCL2, HGF, CASP1, SEPP1, ITGA9, MAP2K6, RUNX3, TGFBR2, RUNX2, CTNNB1, CDC42, decreased significantly. Conclusion The gene expression profile of bone marrow MSCs from coronary heart disease patient with diabetes mellitus is significantly different from the patient with coronary heart disease patient without diabetes mellitus.
The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is relatively high in the elderly population, and the disability, mortality, and medical expenses caused by VTE are also high. However, in a large number of randomized controlled and non-randomized controlled studies related to VTE, sufficient attention has not been paid to the elderly population with multiple underlying diseases. Therefore, the vast majority of research results recommended by VTE guidelines come from younger patients and healthy elderly people, at the same time, most relevant VTE prevention and treatment guidelines or consensus are formulated for hospitalized patients, and for non-hospital elderly populations such as home and elderly care institutions that truly need attention and risk of VTE, their recommended opinions are uncertain. In this context, the Peripheral Vascular Disease Management Branch of the Chinese Geriatrics Society has developed a consensus among Chinese experts on the prevention and treatment of VET in the elderly, based on evidence-based evidence such as domestic and foreign guidelines and relevant research.
The incidence of chronic venous disease (CVD) is significantly higher in the elderly population compared to non-elderly individuals, with more severe disease manifestations. Additionally, elderly CVD patients often have comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, making the evaluation process more complex and increasing treatment difficulty. Currently, there are no established recommendations in China for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD in individuals aged 60 and above. Against this backdrop, the Peripheral Vascular Disease Management Branch of the Chinese Geriatric Society has developed the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Venous Disease in the Elderly based on domestic and international guidelines, relevant evidence-based medical research, and the physiological and clinical characteristics of the elderly population in China. This consensus aims to provide an important reference for improving the diagnosis and treatment of CVD in elderly patients in China.
Objective To understand the current situation of patient satisfaction management in public hospitals, and provide reference for improving the level of hospital satisfaction management and enhancing patients’ medical experience. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on public hospitals using a combination of purposive sampling and convenience sampling between May 2021 and March 2023. The survey covered the current situation of organizational support, institutional construction, human resource allocation, evaluation technology, evaluation process, work mode, assessment incentives, and effectiveness tracking in satisfaction management of public hospitals. Results A total of 101 hospitals were surveyed. Among them, 85 hospitals (84.2%) had formulated and issued satisfaction management measures, 37 hospitals (36.6%) had not set up independent satisfaction management departments, and only 27 hospitals (26.7%) had set up a dedicated budget for satisfaction management. 37 hospitals (36.6%) did not use online survey methods for satisfaction evaluation, and 14.9%, 21.8%, and 37.6% of hospitals did not include demographic information such as age, gender, and education level in the questionnaire design, respectively. 66 hospitals (65.3%) were used satisfaction evaluation results as the basic basis for evaluating department and employee performance, while only 25 hospitals (24.8%) had set up a satisfaction award for year-end evaluations. There were differences in the specialized budget for satisfaction management and the design of satisfaction survey questionnaires among hospitals of different levels (P<0.05). There were differences in whether different types of hospitals had dedicated personnel responsible for daily management work such as satisfaction evaluation, opinion collection, and assessment (P<0.05). Conclusions There are still shortcomings in the institutional construction, institutional setting, and resource investment of satisfaction management in public hospitals, which restrict its standardized and long-term development. The informationization and professionalism of satisfaction evaluation in public hospitals need to be improved, and construction needs to be strengthened to enhance data quality. The utilization and incentive mechanism of satisfaction evaluation results in public hospitals are insufficient, limiting their potential in improving service quality and employee motivation.