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Old Drug, New Tricks: Metformin in Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Liver Cancer

ObjectiveTo understand the role of metformin on reducing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients complicated with liver cancer. MethodThe related literatures of metformin treated patients with T2MD complicated with liver cancer at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. ResultsA large number of epidemiological and clinical data showed that the metformin might prevent the occurrence of the T2MD patients complicated with liver cancer, its mechanism was mainly inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells through the ATM-LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, or miRNA. The current controversy was the authenticity of the data, the influencing factors included the aging problem and characteristics of metformin user. The prospective study design rigorous remained to be clarified. ConclusionMetformin could reduce the incidence of T2MD patients complicated with liver cancer, and could inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, which provides a new way of thinking for the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer.

Relation between Diabetes and Pedopathy of Type II Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

摘要:目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并糖尿病足患者与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:205例2型糖尿病患伴糖尿病足患者作为观察组,无足部病变的糖尿病患者作为对照组,观察其体重指数、空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂等指标,两组间进行比较并相关性分析、多元回归分析。胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)=FPG×FIns/22.5。结果:糖尿病足患者的HOMAIR显著高于无糖尿病的患者(Plt;0.05)。多元回归分析显示糖尿病病程、LDL及BMI是影响2型糖尿病足患者胰岛素抵抗的主要危险因素。结论:糖尿病足患者存在着更严重的胰岛素抵抗。Abstract: Objective: To discuss the relationship between diabetes and pedopathy of type II diabetes and insulin resistance. Methods:The diabetes type II patients were divided into group A (combined with pedopathy) and group B (without pedopathy). The blood glucose and insulin of empty stomach, BMI,Alc and lipid were detected. The insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) was calculated and compared between two groups. Results:The HOMAIR was higher in group A than that in group B (Plt;0.05).The duration of disease,LDL and BMI was positive related with diabetes pedopathy. Conclusion:The insulin resistance was more worse in pedopathy of Type II diabetes.

Effect of intermittent fasting intervention on type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of intermittent fasting on type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsThe CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on intermittent fasting intervention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus from inception to April 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. The RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software were used for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 17 RCTs comprising 1 428 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that intermittent fasting improved body weight (WMD=−2.84, 95%CI −3.79 to −1.88, P<0.05), body mass index (BMI) (WMD=−1.07, 95%CI −1.52 to −0.61, P<0.05), glycosylated hemoglobin levels (SMD=−0.78, 95%CI −1.19 to −0.38, P<0.05), and fasting glucose levels (SMD=−0.65, 95%CI −1.01 to −0.3, P<0.05). ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that intermittent fasting improves body weight, BMI, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Application of Arterial Stiffness and Ankle Brachial Index in Evaluating Peripheral Arteriosclerosis in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

目的　了解老年2型糖尿病动脉僵硬度与踝臂指数（ABI）对评价外周动脉硬化的价值。 方法　2010年1月－3月，应用超声、回声跟踪技术和动脉硬化检测仪检测80例老年2型糖尿病患者（观察组）和40例正常老年人（对照组）的颈总动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）、僵硬系数（β）、脉搏波传导速度（PWVβ）、ABI及动脉斑块情况。 结果　与对照组比较，观察组患者的IMT增厚、β增高、PWVβ增快、ABI降低及动脉斑块发生率增多，差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。 结论　老年2型糖尿病可导致IMT增厚、动脉僵硬度增高、PWVβ增快、ABI降低及更易发生动脉粥样硬化斑块，这些参数可以预测外周动脉粥样硬化的程度，利用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪和动脉硬化检测仪可以较容易得到这些参数，是评价外周动脉粥样硬化病变一种简便、易行，有临床实际意义的方法和手段。

Efficacy and Safety of Piolitazone Combined with Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of piolitazone combined with metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsThe Cochrane Library (Issue 9, 2015), PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched up to September 2015 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pioglitazone combined with metformin versus sulfonylurea combined with metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted date, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 7 RCTs involving 3 005 patients were included. The results of metaanalysis showed that when the course of treatment was ≤24 weeks, no significant difference was found in the level of HbA1c between the piolitazone plus metformin group and the sulphonylurea plus metformin group (MD=-0.04, 95%CI -0.26 to 0.19, P=0.74), but the piolitazone plus metformin group had lower risk of hypoglycemia (RR=0.39, 95%CI 0.15 to 1.01, P=0.05); when the course of treatment >24 weeks, only one RCT was included, we didn't conduct pool analysis. ConclusionPiolitazone combined with metformin has similar effect to sulphonylurea combined with metformin in controlling blood sugar, but piolitazone combined with metformin has lower incidence of hypoglycemia. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, the above conclusion need to be verified by more high quality studies.

Influence of resistance training intensity on glycosylated hemoglobin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

Objectives To systematically analyze the effect of high-intensity and low-intensity resistance training on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of science, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chongqing VIP were searched to collect randomized controlled trials of resistance training intervention in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 28, 2021, and the RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software were used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 415 patients in 8 articles were included in this study. A subgroup analysis based on control measures showed that compared with the resistance training group, the HbA1c level effect value of the non- training group was weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.54% [95% confidence interval (CI) (−1.06%, −0.03%), P=0.04)], the HbA1c level effect value of the flexibility training group was WMD=−0.47% [95%CI (−1.05%, 0.12%), P=0.12], the HbA1c level effect value of the aerobic training group was WMD=−0.10% [95%CI (−0.71%, 0.51%), P=0.75]. Subgroup analysis of resistance strength showed that compared with the flexibility or non-resistance training group, both high-intensity [WMD=−0.99%, 95%CI (−1.16%, −0.81%), P<0.00001] and low- and medium-intensity resistance training [WMD=−0.29%, 95%CI (−0.58%, −0.01%), P=0.05] can reduce HbA1c. Compared with the high-intensity resistance training, the HbA1c level effect value of the low- and medium-intensity resistance training was WMD=0.03% [95%CI (−0.33%, 0.39%), P=0.88]. Compared with the low- and medium-intensity resistance training, the HbA1c level effect value of the low- and medium-intensity aerobic training was WMD=−0.10% [95%CI (−0.71%, 0.51%), P=0.75]. Among all the included studies, only the high-intensity resistance training group reported multiple adverse events.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that elderly patients with type 2 diabetes are more suitable to choose low-to-medium-intensity resistance training to control HbA1c. It is recommended that elderly patients with type 2 diabetes take 60% to 75% of the maximum muscle strength of medium-intensity resistance training.

Comparison of Efficacy of Insulin Lispro 75/25 and Human Insulin Humulin 70/30 on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

【摘要】　目的　对比分析胰岛素类似物赖脯胰岛素75/25和人胰岛素优泌林70/30治疗2型糖尿病对血糖的控制作用和安全性。　方法　选取2007年6月-2008年7月107例2型糖尿病患者，随机分为两组:赖脯胰岛素75/25组54例，每日早、晚餐前10 min皮下注射赖脯胰岛素75/25，剂量0.5～0.7 U/（kg•d）；优泌林70/30组53例，每日早、晚餐前30 min注射优泌林70/30，剂量0.7～1.0 U /（kg•d），治疗2周后观察患者日胰岛素总量、血糖控制情况、体质量及低血糖发生率。　结果　治疗2周后，赖脯胰岛素75/25组FBG由（15.4±3.1） mmol/L降为（6.5±1.4） mmol/L（Plt;0.05）、PBG-2h由（22.2±6.5） mmol/L降至（9.23±2.51） mmol/L（Plt;0.05）；优泌林70/30组FBG由（14.9±3.0） mmol/L降为（6.7±1.7） mmol/L（Plt;0.05），PBG-2h由（21.7±7.3） mmol/L降至（11.10±2.73） mmol/L（Plt;0.05）。治疗3个月后赖脯胰岛素75/25组HbA1c水平明显下降，与优泌林70/30组比较差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.05）；日胰岛素用量赖脯胰岛素75/25组较优泌林70/30组低（Plt;0.05），体质量变化及低血糖发生率两组比较无统计差异性（Pgt;0.05）。　结论　赖脯胰岛素75/25治疗2型糖尿病，HbA1c水平更低，达标患者的比例更高，具有良好的安全性及依从性。【Abstract】　Objective　To compare the clinical safety and effect of insulin analogues insulin lispro 75/25 and human insulin humulin 70/30 on type 2 diabetes mellitus.　Methods　A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from June 2007 to July 2008 were randomly divided into two groups: 54 patients in group A were injected with insulin lispro 75/25 [0.5-0.7 U/(kg•d)], twice per day, 10 minutes before each breakfast and dinner, and another 53 patients in group B were injected with human insulin humulin 70/30 [0.7-1.0 U/(kg•d)], twice per day, 30 minutes before each breakfast and dinner. The daily insulin dosage, level of blood glucose, body mass and the incidence of low blood sugar in the two groups were observed.　Results　Two weeks after the treatment, the level of FBG decreased from (15.4±3.1) mmol/L to (6.5±1.4) mmol/L (Plt;0.05), and the level of PBG-2h decreased from (22.2±6.5) mmol/L to (9.23±2.51) mmol/L (Plt;0.05) in group A; the level of FBG decreased from (14.9±3.0) mmol/L to (6.7±1.7) mmol/L (Plt;0.05), and the level of PBG-2h decreased from (21.7±7.3) mmol/L to (11.10±2.73) mmol/L (Plt;0.05) in group B. Three months after the treatment, the level of HbA1c in group A decreased apparently, which differed much from that in group B (Plt;0.05). The daily dosage of insulin in group A was lower than that in group B (Plt;0.05); the differences in changes of body mass and the incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups were not significant (Pgt;0.05).　Conclusion　The treatment with insulin lispro 75/25 for type 2 diabetes mellitus shows a good effect on HbA1c level control with safety and compliance.

Influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

Objective To systematically review the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes from inception to December 31, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 12.0 software. ResultsA total of 32 studies involving 7 519 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the main influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients were age, duration of type 2 diabetes, educational level, cerebral infarction, hypertension, smoking, insulin resistance index, glycosylated hemoglobin, and homocysteine. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that some factors such as age, duration, and educational level are the main influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.

Evolution of Surgical Intervention for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus：Current Situation and Progress

Relationship between Retinal Vessel Caliber and Diabetic Retinopathy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

目的 探讨视网膜微血管直径与2型糖尿病(DM2)并发症糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的关系。 方法 选取2009年1月-11月住院确诊DM2患者200例，根据眼底彩色照相结果将患者分为DR组和NDR组，测量视网膜血管直径、测定生化指标及血压，用非条件Logistic回归分析糖尿病视网膜病变发生的危险因素。 结果 V1扩张10 μm时，DM2患者并发DR危险性增加(OR 1.75，95% CI 1.14～3.04，Plt;0.05)；空腹血糖水平增加1 mmol/L，DM2患者并发DR的危险性增加(OR 1.87，95% CI 1.43～2.81，Plt;0.05)； 糖化血红蛋白增加1个单位，DM2患者并发DR的危险性增加(OR 1.08，95% CI 1.02～1.13，Plt;0.05)；DM病程增加1年，DM2患者并发DR的危险性增加(OR 1.41，95% CI 1.18～1.70，Plt;0.05)。 结论 在DM2患者中，视网膜静脉直径大小、空腹血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白水平、糖尿病病程是DR发生的危险因素。