Objective To observe the eotaxin expression of rat airway smooth muscle cells ( ASMCs) induced by serum from asthmatic rats, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods ASMCs isolated fromrat tracheas were cultured in vivo. Then they were treated with serum from asthmatic rats, or treated with serum and dexamethasone simultaneously. The level of eotaxin protein in supernatant and eotaxin mRNA in ASMCs were measured by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cAMP in ASMCs was examined by radioimmunoassay. Results After the treatment with sensitized serum, the eotaxin level in supernatant and mRNA expression in ASMCs were significantly higher [ ( 107. 09 ±7. 12) ng/L vs. ( 0. 63 ±0. 56) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05; 1. 39 ±0. 04 vs. 0. 05 ±0. 01, P lt;0. 05] , and the level of cAMP in ASMCs was significantly lower compared with the control group [ ( 17. 58 ±3. 62) ng/L vs. ( 32. 39 ±3. 36) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05] . After intervened by the sensitized serum and dexamethasone simultaneously, the protein and mRNA expressions of eotaxin were lower compared with those intervened by sensitized serumalone [ ( 64. 18 ±4. 04) ng/L and 0. 77 ±0. 19] . The level of eotaxin in supernatant was negatively correlated with cAMP level in ASMCs ( r = - 0. 788, P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusions There is anautocrine function in ASMCs as inflammatory cells after stimulation with sensitized serum. Eotaxin may play an important roll in the pathogenesis of asthma via a cAMP-dependent pathway.
ObjectiveTo study immunodepression effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) on acute asthmatic airway inflammation by galectin-1 (gal-1) in vivo.MethodsEighty-five female BALB/c mice were equally randomized into normal control group, asthmatic group, BMSC treatment group, gal-1 treatment group and BMSC and gal-1 inhibitor group. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used to establish acute asthmatic model. Total cell number and differential cell analysis in each group in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Furthermore, hematoxylin-eosin and periodic-acid Schiff staining was used to compare airway inflammation among five groups. Measurement of cytokines, including interleukin (IL) -4, IL-5 and gal-1 in BALF and OVA specific IgE (OVA-IgE) in serum were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, dendritic cell (DC) in lung tissue was sorted by immunomagnetic beads and its MAPK signal pathway was analyzed by western blotting among five groups.ResultsAccumulation of inflammation cells, particularly eosinophils around airway and in BALF was evident in asthmatic mouse model, meanwhile hyperplasia of Goblet cell was also obvious in asthmatic group. BMSC engraftment or gal-1 infusion significantly reduced airway inflammation and hyperplasia of Goblet cell and the number of inflammation cells in BALF, especially eosinophils attenuated dramatically. However, there was no effect on airway inflammation and hyperplasia of Goblet Cell by simultaneous infusion BMSC engraftment and gal-1 inhibitor. Compared to normal control group, the level of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF and OVA-IgE in serum was increased remarkably in asthmatic group, but the level of gal-1 reduced obviously. Moreover, infusion of BMSC or gal-1 could mitigate the level of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF and OVA-IgE in serum and increase the level of gal-1 in asthmatic mouse. However, infusion with both BMSC and gal-1 inhibitor exerted no effect on cytokine and OVA-IgE in asthmatic mouse. DC was sorted by immunomagnetic beads and western blotting was used to detect the expression of MAPK signal pathway among five groups. The expression of ERK phosphorylation in asthmatic group was much lower than that in normal control group. On the contrary, the expression of p38 phosphorylation was much higher than that in normal control group. BMSC engraftment or gal-1 infusion significantly activated the ERK pathway and inhibited the p38 MARP pathway on asthmatic mouse DC. Nevertheless, the expression of ERK phosphorylation and p38 phosphorylation for group with BMSC and gal-1 inhibitor infusion was between the level of asthmatic group and normal control group.ConclusionsBMSC infusion alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse, especially weakens eosinophils infiltration, and the underlying mechanism might be protective effect of gal-1 secreted by BMSC which plays a role in lung tissue DC and regulates the DC expression of MAPK signal pathway.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of metformin on airway remodeling in asthma and its possible mechanism.MethodsTwenty-eight B/N rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma group, metformin intervention group and rapamycin intervention group. After that, the asthma model was established and intervened with metformin and rapamycin. The airway resistance and airway reactivity were measured 48 hours after the last challenge, and then the lung tissue samples were collected. Histopathological examination was used to observe airway inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell proliferation, airway wall fibrosis and remodeling, as well as airway smooth muscle proliferation. The expression of AMPK/mTOR pathway related proteins was detected by Western blot.ResultsCompared with the asthma group, metformin and rapamycin significantly reduced the airway responsiveness induced by high concentration of acetylcholine (P<0.05), reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue and the changes of airway wall structure (P<0.05), reduced goblet cell proliferation in airway epithelium, collagen fiber deposition in lung tissue and bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia (P<0.05). Further studies showed that the effects of metformin and rapamycin were related to AMPK/mTOR pathway. Compared with the asthma group, metformin and rapamycin could significantly reduce the expression of p-mTOR, p-p70s6k1 and SKP2, while p21 protein expression was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, metformin and rapamycin had similar effects (P>0.05).ConclusionMetformin can alleviate airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling by activating AMPK and then inhibiting mTOR pathway, which may be a potential drug for treating asthma and preventing airway remodeling.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of combined air pressure wave and oral glucosamine in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. MethodsWe chose 200 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in the Department of Rehabilitation between April 2013 and March 2015 as our research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 100 in each. The control group accepted conventional physical therapy, while the observation group underwent normal physical therapy in combination with air pressure wave and oral glucosamine treatment. We compared the two groups in terms of curative effects. ResultsThe total effective rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P＞0.05) , but in terms of efficiency rate, the observation group (85.0%) was significantly superior to the control group (73.0%) (P ＜ 0.05) . ConclusionCombined air pressure wave and oral glucosamine treatment for knee osteoarthritis is high efficient, which is worthy of being popularized.
Objective To identify the short ( lt;30 days) and intermediate ( 30 days to 6 months) benefits and risks of tracheobronchial stents in patients with malignant airway stenosis. Methods 55 cases with malignant airway disease who underwent tracheobronchial stents placement from January 2006 to May 2008 were followed up for 6 months. The efficacy rate, complication rate, reintervention rate, and survival were analyzed. Results There were 61 self-expanding metal stents placed in 55 patients with malignant disease, with no intraoperative mortality. The immediate efficacy rate was 100% , the short-term( lt;30 days) efficacy rate was 94. 5% , and the survival rate in 6 months was 32. 7% . The complications included tumor ingrowth, excessive granulation tissue, stent migration, and restenosis. A total of 14 cases of complicationswere observed, in which two occurred during the short-term period ( lt; 30 days ) and the remaining complications occurred after 30 days. Conclusions Tracheobronchial stents can improve symptoms immediately for the patients with unresectable malignant central airway obstruction with fairly safety. The benefit of airway stents is particularly seen in the short-termperiod and the complications occur mainly after 30 days.
【Abstract】 Objective To study the role of house dust mite ( HDM) induced airway epithelium TLR4 expression and T lymphocyte activation in asthmatic inflammation. Methods Thirty BALB/ c mice were randomly divided into an ovalbumin ( OVA) group, a HDMgroup, and a control group. The mice in the OVA group were sensitized with OVA and Al( OH) 3 , and repeatedly exposed to aerosolized OVA. The mice in the HDMgroup and the control group were sensitized and challenged with HDMand saline, respectively.Histopathology changes of pulmonary tissue and airway were observed under light microscope. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γin BALF were measured by ELISA. Total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) were also measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 weredetected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Th1, Th2, and cells in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Results Light microscope revealed eosinophil specific inflammatory cells infiltration around the peribronchovascular region,mucus gland hyperplasia, and airway mucous plug inthe OVA group. The HDM group showed more severe alveolar and intersititial congestion and neutrophils infiltration. The control group showed intact alveolus with few mucous plug and inflammatory cells.Compared with the OVA group, significant increases in the number of total cells and neutrophils, as well as significantly higher expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17 were detected in the HDMgroup ( P lt;0. 05) ,while IFN-γexpression had no significant change ( P gt;0. 05) . The expression of TLR4 mRNA and protein significantly increased in the HDMgroup( P lt; 0. 05) , and did not change significantly in the other two groups ( P gt;0. 05) . The percentages of Th2 and Th17 cells in peripheral blood in the HDMgroup were significantly higher than the OVA group ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion HDM may induce inflammatory cells infiltration andactivation of Th2 and Th17 lymphocyte cells via up-regulation of TLR4 expression in airway epithelium,which might play an important role in asthmatic inflammation.
Objective To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS) and airway hyperresponsiveness ( AHR) . Methods 197 subjects suspected for OSAHS were enrolled in the study. They were all performed overnight polysomnogram ( PSG) monitoring and lung function test. Acoording to the results of FEV1% pred, they were performed bronchial provocation test( BPT)or brochial dilation test( BDT) . The relation between apnea hypopnea index ( AHI) and the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness ( AHR, expressed as PD20 -FEV1 ) was evaluated by linear correlation analysis. Results 117 patients were diagnosed as OSAHS, in which 28 cases were complicated with AHR( 3 cases with positive BDT result, 25 cases with AHR) . In 80 non-OSAHS patients, 7 cases were complicated with AHR. Theincidence of AHR was higher in the OSAHS patients compared with the non-OSAHS patients( 23. 9% vs 8. 8% , P lt; 0. 01 ) . AHI of OSAHS patients with AHR was higher than OSAHS patients without AHR[ ( 30. 3 ±5. 1) /h vs ( 23. 7 ±2. 4) /h, P lt;0. 01] . There was a positive correlation between AHI and degree of AHR in OSAHS patients with AHR( r=0. 62, P lt;0. 05, n=25) . Conclusion OSAHS is associated with an increased risk of AHR.
Objective To investigate the application and long-termresults of epiglottic in reconstruction of the traumatic laryngotracheal stenosis.Methods From January 1988 to February 2002, 42 patients with traumatic laryngotracheal stenosis were treated, including 33 laryngeal stenosis and9 laryngotracheal stenosis. The following surgical treatment were performed: ① lowered epiglottic andbi-pedicled sternohyoid myofascial flap and ② lowered epiglottic and bipedicledsternohyoid myofascial flap and sternocleidomastoideus clavicle membrane flap. Results Thirty-seven patients(88.1%) were successfully decannulated 10 to 75 daysafter operation. Feeding tube lasted from 9 to 24 days, all the patients rehabilitated deglutition after surgery. The time of using stent was 9 to 19 days in 25cases.All patients were followed up 1 year to 3 years and 4 months. The function of larynx recovered completely in 37 decannulated patients and partially in 5cannulated patients. Conclusion Epiglottic- has the advantages of easy gain, high antiinfection and survival rate, and stable structure. A combination of epiglottic and the bipedicled sternohyoid myofascial flap plus sternocleidomastoideus clavicle membrane flap can repair large laryngeal and tracheal defects.
ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and lung tissue of COPD rats in order to elucidate the potential mechanism of airway inflammation. MethodsForty-five healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a COPD model group (n=30) and a normal control group (n=15). The COPD rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposure to cigarette smoke for 28 days. The concentrations of IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum and lung tissue were measured by ELISA. ResultsTNF-α level of serum and lung tissue in the COPD model group increased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05),while the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 decreased significantly[serum:(44.68±8.67) ng/L vs. (75.96±10.59) ng/L;lung tissue:(64.55±9.03) ng/L vs. (94.06±8.71) ng/L,P<0.01]. The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was negatively correlated with TNF-α (serum:r=-0.67,lung tissue:r=-0.80,P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was positively correlated with IFN-γ (serum:r=0.64,lung tissue:r=0.72,P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in serum and lung tissue was negatively correlated with the percentage of neutrophils(serum:r=-0.70,lung tissue:r=-0.67,P<0.01). ConclusionIn COPD rats,down regulation of IL-10 plays an important role in regulation of airway inflammation.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effect of C3F8 and air tamponade after vitrectomy for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). MethodsA total of 54 eyes of 54 patients with IMH that had undergone 23G pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were retrospectively studied. All patients received optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). They were divided into 2 groups. 26 eyes in group A were filled with air and 28 eyes in group B were filled with C3F8. In group A, 6 eyes at stage Ⅱ, 20 eyes at stage Ⅲ, the minimum diameter (Dmin) of macular hole in 14 eyes was less than 400 μm,and in the other eyes was larger than 400 μm. In group B, 10 eyes at stage Ⅱ, 18 eyes at stage Ⅲ, the Dmin of macular hole in 15 eyes was less than 400 μm,and in the other eyes was larger than 400 μm. The differences of age, course of the disease, BCVA, fundus diameter, Dmin, height, index, diameter of outer retina diameter (Dord) between the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). The basic data before surgery and the closure rate, BCVA, Dord 1 month after surgery between two groups were compared. ResultsAt 1 month after surgery, the IMH closure rate was 100.0% in group A and 92.9% in group B, the difference between these two groups was not significant (P=0.491).The closure rate of eyes with Dmin<400 μm were both 100.0% in two groups, and the closure rate of eyes with Dmin>400 μm were 100.0% in group A and 84.6% in group B. There was no statistically significant differences between two groups (P=0.480). The mean BCVA of two groups were 0.35±0.22 and 0.33±0.16 respectively. The mean Dord were (782.2±478.0) μm and(792.1±432.7) μm respectively. All cases got better BCVA (t=-7.310,-10.506; P<0.01) and shorter Dord (t=6.704,7.770;P<0.01). But there was no statistically significant differences between groups 1 month after surgery in BCVA and Dord(t=0.381,-0.800; P=0.705, 0.937). ConclusionAir tamponade after vitrectomy has the same efficacy as C3F8 tamponade in the treatment of IMH.