Objective To observe the eotaxin expression of rat airway smooth muscle cells ( ASMCs) induced by serum from asthmatic rats, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods ASMCs isolated fromrat tracheas were cultured in vivo. Then they were treated with serum from asthmatic rats, or treated with serum and dexamethasone simultaneously. The level of eotaxin protein in supernatant and eotaxin mRNA in ASMCs were measured by ELISA and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cAMP in ASMCs was examined by radioimmunoassay. Results After the treatment with sensitized serum, the eotaxin level in supernatant and mRNA expression in ASMCs were significantly higher [ ( 107. 09 ±7. 12) ng/L vs. ( 0. 63 ±0. 56) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05; 1. 39 ±0. 04 vs. 0. 05 ±0. 01, P lt;0. 05] , and the level of cAMP in ASMCs was significantly lower compared with the control group [ ( 17. 58 ±3. 62) ng/L vs. ( 32. 39 ±3. 36) ng/L, P lt; 0. 05] . After intervened by the sensitized serum and dexamethasone simultaneously, the protein and mRNA expressions of eotaxin were lower compared with those intervened by sensitized serumalone [ ( 64. 18 ±4. 04) ng/L and 0. 77 ±0. 19] . The level of eotaxin in supernatant was negatively correlated with cAMP level in ASMCs ( r = - 0. 788, P lt; 0. 01) . Conclusions There is anautocrine function in ASMCs as inflammatory cells after stimulation with sensitized serum. Eotaxin may play an important roll in the pathogenesis of asthma via a cAMP-dependent pathway.
【摘要】目的探讨喉癌手术后患者对两种不同雾化方式的耐受性,为选择最佳雾化方式提供参考。方法将49例喉癌手术后患者随机分为观察组(25例)和对照组(24例),观察组采用氧气雾化吸入,对照组采用空气压缩泵雾化吸入。分别记录两组患者雾化吸入前及吸入15 min时脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)及心率;雾化过程中患者有无心慌、气紧等不适以及雾化后痰液的性质及量。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果两组患者雾化吸入15 min时的SpO2差异有统计学意义(Plt;001),观察组高于对照组;而两组患者雾化吸入前SpO2、心率、不适主诉及雾化后痰液的性质差异均无统计学意义(Pgt;005)。结论氧气雾化吸入可以提高喉癌手术后患者雾化过程中的SpO2,使患者感觉更加舒适。【Abstract】Objective To investigate postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma atomization of two different forms of tolerance, in order to choose the best means of atomization. Methods Fifty postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma were divided into observation group using oxygen inhalation and control group using the air compression pump inhalation. Two groups of patients were recorded the value of SpO2 and heart rate before 15 minutes after the inhalation,as well as the discomforts such as flustered,gas tight during the atomization process and the nature and olume of sputum. Results The results of two groups of patients at the time of 15 minutes inhalation SpO2 statistically significant difference (Plt;001), the observation group than in the control group average SpO2 high; and two groups of patients with preinhalation SpO2 average, average heart rate, Discomfort chief complaint and the nature of sputum after aerosol compared no significant difference (Pgt;005). Conclusion Oxygen inhalation in patients with laryngeal cancer can improve the atomization process SpO2 value, so that patients feel more comfortable.
0bjective To evaluate the efficacy of FEV6 and FEV1／FEV6 as surrogates for FVC and FEV1／FVC in the spirometric diagnosis of airway obstruction，and to determine the fixed cut-off point of FEV1／FEV6 which can be used as an alternative for FEV1／FVC lt; 70％.Methods Spirometry measurements were perform ed in 128 participants．FEV1，FEV6，FVC，FEV1％pred，FVC％pred，FEV1／FVC and FEV1／FEV6 were measured and analyzed.FEV1／FVClt;70％ was used as the“gold standard”。Severity of obstruction was based on FEV ％ pred．From ROC curve analysis，the FEV1／FEV6 ratio，which corresponded to optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity，was determined．Correlation between FEV1／FVC and FEV1／FEV6 was studied．Results Of 128 participants，there were 65(51％)with FEV1／FVC ≥70％ ．Of the 63 participants with FEV1／FVC lt;70％ ，there were 5 with FEV1／FEV6 between 70.09％ to 71％。There was no significant difference between the mean value of FVC and that of FEV ．Lifear correlation was revealed between FEV1／FVC and FEV1／FEV6 with the value close to 1(r=0.9979，Plt;0.0001)．From ROC curve analysis，the FEV1／FEV6lt;71.14％ was the best cut-off point coresponding to FEV1／FVC lt;70％ ．Conclusion These results suggest that FEV1／FEV6 is a valid alternative to FEV1／FVC for spirometric diagnosis of airw ay obstruction．There is a b corelation between FEV1／FEV6 and FEV1／FVC．
Objective To investigate the expression of stromal cell derived factor-1 ( SDF-1) and the effects of budesonide suspension for inhalation ( Pulmicort Respules) in mice with asthma. Methods Thirty Kunming female mice were randomly divided into three groups, ie. a control group, an asthma group, and a pulmicort treatment group. The asthma group and the pulmicort treatment group were sensitized with ovalbumin ( OVA) by a combination of intraperitoneal injection and repeated OVA intranasal challenges to establish mouse asthma model. The pulmicort treatment group received 100μL pulmicort by intranasal administration before OVA challenge. The immunohistochemistry was used to estimate the expression of SDF-1 in lung tissues. HE staining and Wright-Giemsa staining method were used to assess inflammatory infiltration in the airway and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) respectively. Results The expression of SDF-1 in the asthma group increased significantly compared with the control group ( 0.48 ±0.03 vs. 0.21 ± 0.02, Plt;0.05) , and significantly decreased after the intervention with pulmicort ( 0.29 ±0.01 vs. 0.48 ± 0.03, Plt; 0.05 ) . Compared with control group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in airway was significantly enhanced in the asthma group, and attenuated in the pulmicort treatment group. The total number of inflammatory cells and eosinophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil counts in BALF increased significantly in the asthma group compared with the control group, and decreased significantly after pulmicort intervention. Conclusion SDF-1 may play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in asthmatic airway and pulmicort may relieve airway inflammation by decreasing the expression of SDF-1.
Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of airway involvement in relapsing polychondritis. Methods The clinical data of two patients with relapsing polychondritis with airway involvement were reported and the relative literatures were reviewed. Results The two patients were both old males, with clinical manifestations of cough, dyspnea, and fever. They were misdiagnosed in a other hospital. The pulmonary function tests showed obstructive ventilatory impairemnt. On inspiratory CT, tracheal / tracheobronchial wall thickening and airway stenosis, with or without tracheal cartilage calcification were common findings. The tracheal cartilages thickeness and membranous wall were normal. On expiratory CT scans, functional abnormalities were identified such as tracheobronchomalacia. The patients were relieved by medication of corticosteroids or with immunodepressant. Conclusions The relapsing polychondritis with airway involvement is easy to be misdiagnosed. Chest CT examination is a valuable method for diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. Corticosteroids and immunodepressant can improve the outcome.
Malignant airway stenosis generally refers to airway lumen stenosis caused by various primary and metastatic malignant tumors and restricted airflow, which can be manifested as dyspnea to varying degrees or even asphyxia and death. It seriously affects the quality of life of patients with airway stenosis. With the continuous development of bronchoscope interventional techniques, various interventional therapies such as ablation, dilation and stent implantation can be used to reventilate the airway. Among them, ablation treatment is the most commonly used method. The methods of ablation treatment include cold, heat, photodynamic, local chemoradiotherapy, etc. This article will review the new applications of various methods used in the ablation treatment of malignant airway stenosis progress.
Objective Respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV) is a primary cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children, and is also the cause for the development of asthma primarily in infants. However,the immunological mechanisms by which RSV enhances allergic sensitization and asthma remain unclear. The aimof this study was to examine the influence of RSV-infected airway epithelial cells on the activation and functions of rat myeloid dendritic cells ( mDCs) . Methods Rat airway epithelial cells ( RAECs) were infected by RSV. Then RSV-infected RAECs were co-cultured with rat mDCs, and the expression of cytokine and maturation markers on mDCs were examined by real time PCR and flow cytometry. To confirm this functional mDC maturation, allergenic mixed lymphocyte reaction ( MLR) were performed. Results Wefound that functional maturation of mDCs was induced by RSV-treated RAECs, as shown by their enhanced levels of OX40L and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine ( TARC) mRNAs, which increased the expressions of major histocompatibility complex II ( MHCII) and CD86 costimulatorymolecules and promotedT-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. Conclusion Our results suggest that RSV-infected epithelial cells promote the maturation of mDCs that might support Th2 cell polarization and contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.
Objective To investigate the application of air leak test combined with methylene blue solution leak test in the detection of anastomotic leakage after total mesorectal excision （TME） in rectal cancer. Methods In total of132 patients with rectal cancer underwent Dixon according to TME in our hospital from Mar. 2010 to Mar. 2013 were enrolled. All patients were randomly divided into air leak test group （n=65） and air leak＋methylene blue solution leak test group （n=67）. The intestinal anastomosis of patients in air leak test group were clamped at 2 cm from the upper endof bowel， then injecting 500 mL distilled water to pelvic， and placing 24# Foley catheter through the anus. The catheter balloon was injected with water to close anus， and then injected with 50 mL gas to find the anastomotic leakage where bubbles happened， and then repaired it. Patients of air leak＋methylene blue solution leak test group were treated with methylene blue solution test in addition. After sucking out of the distilled water in pelvic and gas in the rectum， 1 bottle of methylene blue solution （20 mg） and 50 mL saline were injected， observing the location where the methylene blue solutionleaking out and repaired it. Results Three cases （4.62%） of anastomotic leakage were found during operation in air leak test group， and 9 cases （13.85%） were found after operation. Of the 9 cases， 5 cases were cured with placement of adeq-uate drainage and symptomatic treatment， 3 cases were cured with anal patch， and 1 case was cured with transverse colon fistula and drainage. In total of 15 cases （22.39%） were found anastomotic leakage， 2 cases of them were found by air leak test and another 13 cases were found by methylene blue solution leak test during operation in air leak＋methylene bluesolution leak test group， but no one suffered anastomotic leakage after operation. Compared with air test group， detectionrate of anastomotic leakage during operation was higher （P＜0.05）， and incidence rate of anastomotic leakage after opera-tion was lower in air leak＋methylene blue solution leak test group （P＜0.05）. Conclusions Large anastomotic leakage can be found by using air leak test， and small and hidden leakage can be found by using methylene blue solution leak test， combination method of the two experiments is better. Repair can be performed effectively under direct vision.
Baoxing airborne medical team of West China Hospital participated in the medical rescue in 2013 “4?20”Lushan earthquake. The medical team excellently fulfilled their rescue task for 1 week in the earthquake-struck areas where there was power and communication failure and lack of water and food supply. We found some experiences and problems in airbornemedical team assembly and member selection, which may provide quotable experiences for future disaster assistance and rescue teams.
ObjectiveTo observe and explore the feasibility and effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane packing and air filling in the treatment of refractory macular holes. MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From January 2019 to January 2020, 17 patients with refractory macular hole (17 eyes) who diagnosed in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were included in the study. Among them, there were 7 males (7 eyes) and 10 females (10 eyes), with the age of 55.18±7.91 years. All eyes underwent 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane stripping and PRF packing, and air filling was performed at the end of the operation. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed in all eyes before surgery and at 1 week and 1, 3 months after surgery. The BCVA examination was performed using a international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity during statistics. Taking 3 months after surgery was as the time point to judge the efficacy, the changes of BCVA, superficial retinal vascular density (SVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and central foveal thickness (CFT) before and after surgery were compared. Paired t-test was used to compare the indicators before and after surgery. ResultsAmong the 17 eyes, there were 6, 7, and 4 eyes with giant macular hole, high myopia macular hole, and recurrent macular hole, respectively; the hole diameter was 723.94±38.30 μm. Three months after surgery, all holes were closed. Compared with before surgery, the BCVA (t=4.458) and SVD (t=2.675) increased, and the CFT (t=6.329) and FAZ area (t=4.258) decreased at 3 months after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, there was no complications such as intraocular hypertension and retinal detachment in all eyes.ConclusionMinimally invasive vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane stripping and PRF tamponade in the treatment of refractory macular holes can increase the closure rate, improve visual acuity and retinal blood perfusion.