ObjectivesTo systematically review the current status of cognitive impairment of the elderly in China.MethodsCNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the current status of cognitive impairment of the elderly in China from January 1st, 2000 to March 12th, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 14.1 software.ResultsA total of 126 studies involving 187 115 elderly were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the cognitive impairment rate of the elderly in China was 22.0% (95%CI 20.4% to 23.6%). Subgroup analysis showed that the cognitive impairment rate was higher in females, seniors, low education level, residing in rural area, engaging in manual labor, no spouse, living alone, monthly income less than 1 000 yuan, and suffering from chronic diseases.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the cognitive impairment rate of the elderly in China is 22%, which is relatively high in females, seniors, low education level, residing in rural area, engaging in manual labor, no spouse, living alone, low-income, and suffering from chronic diseases.
Objective To analyze a possible association of -A930G and C242T polymorphism with cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, and assess potential interactions of CYBA alleles in OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction. Methods A total of 157 OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction were recruited as an experimental group, and 526 matched OSA patients without cognitive dysfunction as an control group. The neurocognitive assessment, polysomnography, genetic analyses, NADHP oxidase (NOX) activity, determination of urinary 8-OH-dG were completed in all subjects. Results Frequencies of the -930G allele carriers were not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). Frequencies of the TT/CT genotypes were significantly higher in the OSA patients without cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05). NOX activity was assessed and found to be increased in the OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction (P<0.01). NOX activity was significantly higher in whom the allelic T variant was absent (P<0.05). The level of urinary 8-OH-dG was higher in the OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05). The level of urinary 8-OH-dG was significantly higher in whom the allelic T variant was absent (P<0.05). Conclusion The p22phox C242T polymorphism may be involved in the development of oxidative stress reaction in OSA patients with cognitive dysfunction.
Epilepsy is defined as a disorder of brain neural function, characterized by the persistent possibility of seizures, which are usually sudden, brief, and recurrent. Cognition is a process of receiving information from the external world and analyzing and processing it, such as memory, language, visual-spatial, executive, calculation, comprehension, and judgement. With the increasing awareness of health, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and epilepsy. Data shows that over 80% of epilepsy patients have lower cognitive abilities than healthy people, and over 50% of patients have significant cognitive problems, which have a negative impact on their quality of life even greater than the seizures themselves. Cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients not only hinders their own treatment progress, but also has a negative impact on their daily life, academic and job performance, which brings huge care and economic pressure to their families and a heavy economic burden to the whole society. This review aimed to assess cognitive modules and provide key information for early diagnosis and treatment of patients.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of virtual reality technology on cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral vascular accident (CVA).MethodsEMbase, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on virtual reality technology on cognitive dysfunction in patients with CVA from inception to December 31st, 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 25 RCTs involving 1 113 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the scores of MBI (MD=9.24, 95%CI 1.91 to 16.56, P=0.01), MMSE (MD=3.02, 95%CI 1.11 to 4.93, P=0.002) and RBMT-2 (MD=2.74, 95%CI 1.97 to 3.51, P<0.000 01) in VR group were superior to the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in scores of BI, MOCA, and VCPT.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that virtual reality technology may have positively influence on cognitive function and participation in the daily life activities of patients with CVA. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the associations of cognitive frailty with mortality and hospitalization in the elderly. MethodsThe VIP, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect cohort studies on the association of cognitive frailty with mortality or hospitalization in the elderly from inception to May, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by R 4.2.2 software. ResultsA total of 19 cohort studies involving 63 624 elderly were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with healthy elder, the elder with cognitive frailty had a higher mortality (OR=2.75, 95%CI 2.10 to 3.59, P<0.01) and hospitalization (OR=1.67, 95%CI 1.40 to 2.00, P<0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that cognitive frailty was related to the risk of death in different status of frailty and cognitive function, different assessment tools, different countries of development, different follow-up time and research sites. At the same time, different status of frailty and cognitive function and different levels of development of countries were related to the risk of hospitalization. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that cognitive frailty can increase the risk of hospitalization and mortality in the elderly. It is suggested that early screening and intervention of cognitive frailty should be carried out to effectively reduce the risk of adverse consequences, so as to achieve healthy aging.
Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive function and its correlation to neuroendocrine status in patients with refractory depression. Methods A total of 41 patients diagnosed by ICD-10 as depression onset who have been treated with more than two antidepressants drugs, fulfilled the criteria of refractory depression. Another 40 patients diagnosed by ICD-10 as depression onset but who have not been treated, or have been treated with only one antidepressant drug were selected as controls. Patients in both groups were evaluated by WAIS-RC, STROOP, VF, TRAILS A, B, TOH and M-WCST, and the concentrations of CORT, ACTH, T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH were also determined. Results A significant difference was found in VF between the refractory depression group and the control group. This showed that the damage to short-term memory, attention and interference rejection capability was much more serious in the refractory depression group. The ACTH concentration in the refractory depression group was significantly different from that of the control group, which indicated that the damage to the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was more serious in the refractory depression group. In particular in relation to memory and attention defect. Conclusion Changes in the levels of CORT, ACTH, TSH, FT3 and T4 may be correlated to cognitive function damage in patients with refractory depression.
China is facing the peak of an ageing population, and there is an increase in demand for intelligent healthcare services for the elderly. The metaverse, as a new internet social communication space, has shown infinite potential for application. This paper focuses on the application of the metaverse in medicine in the intervention of cognitive decline in the elderly population. The problems in assessment and intervention of cognitive decline in the elderly group were analyzed. The basic data required to construct the metaverse in medicine was introduced. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the elderly users can conduct self-monitoring, experience immersive self-healing and health-care through the metaverse in medicine technology. Furthermore, we proposed that it is feasible that the metaverse in medicine has obvious advantages in prediction and diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation, as well as assisting patients with cognitive decline. Risks for its application were pointed out as well. The metaverse in medicine technology solves the problem of non-face-to-face social communication for elderly users, which may help to reconstruct the social medical system and service mode for the elderly population.
Based on literatures on Meta-analysis and randomized controlled trial, drug use and some geriatrics syndromes such as cognitive impairment and depression, in elderly diabetic patients were reviewed. Insulin plus oral hypoglycemic drugs was more rational therapy for insulin resistance and islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. We should pay more attention to cognitive impairment and depression in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
Objective This study aimed to observe the protective effects of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) to the damage of phenobarbital (PB) upon the cognition of the newly-born rats. Methods Thirty healthy 3-day-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (10 rats), PB group (10 rats) and PB+17β-E2 group (10 rats). The control group were injected saline water with a dose of 10 mL/(kg·d); the PB group were injected with PB of 10 mg/(kg·d); the PB+17β-E2 group were injected with PB 10 mg/(kg·d) and 17β-E2 300 ug/(kg·d). All the rats were intraperitoneal injected once a day after weighing, for three continuous days. They were normally raised to one month old and then 8 rats were selected out of each group respectively for water maze test. Results The PB group was reported to have increasing latent periods in finding the underwater stage compared with control group (P<0.05). In comparison with the PB group, the PB+17β-E2 group has a shorter latent period in finding the underwater stage, and furthermore statistically significantly fewer times in finding validation areas (P<0.05). During the 120s test, the stage quadrant journey to total journey ratio of PB+17β-E2 group was lower than the ratio of PB groups, but no statistics significance had been detected. The PB+17β-E2 group exhibits no significance difference from the control group in the above-mentioned indexes. Conclusions Even a short-term injection of PB with an usual clinical dose will bring a long-term damage to an immature brain in terms of the learning ability and memory, whereas the 17β-E2 may play a protective role in this course.
ObjectiveTo study the examinees' cognitive level of the X-ray radiation, and to provide references for popularizing radiation protection knowledge. MethodWe chose patients who were checked in the Department of Radiology in our hospital between August 30 and October 29, 2013 as our study subjects, and carried out investigation by anonymous questionnaires. The investigation content included the respondents' basic information, ways to obtain the radiation knowledge, how well the patients knew about the fundamental radiation knowledge and their attitudes towards radiological examination and so on. A total of 2 315 patients were investigated, and 2 315 questionnaires were issued. Finally all questionnaires were retreated. ResultsAmong the 2 315 patients, 2026 (87.52%) knew the radiation symbol and 1 821 (78.66%) knew that X-ray radiation was harmful to the human body. Different age, gender, occupation, educational level and previous X-ray examination made significant differences in the fundamental knowledge on X-ray (P<0.05) . Attitudes towards X-ray examination was significantly different due to different age, occupation, and educational level (P<0.05) . Most examinees got the X-ray fundamental radiation knowledge from the publicity and medical staff in hospitals. ConclusionsTo make the examinees keep right attitudes and behaviors in radiographic examination, further effective methods of popularizing the basic knowledge of radiation should be carried out. Those publicity and medical staff in hospitals are the main force in the popularization of radiation knowledge.