ObjectiveTo analyze research status of influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents, and systematically review the influencing factors. MethodsWe electronically searched the following databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid, EBSCO, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect cross-sectional studies on sun-protection problems in children and adolescents up to December 2012. The criteria for cross-sectional studies recommended by AHQR was applied in the assessment of included studies. Then, qualitative analysis methods were used to systematically summarize information and results of the included studies. ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. The results showed that, the influencing factors of sun-protection behaviour in children and adolescents included gender, age, skin colour, eye colour, the mass media information, school health education, etc., of which, researches on gender, grade, light skin, eye colour were relatively more. ConclusionAt present, there are many studies about influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents while the target influencing factors differ in regions.
ObjectiveTo analyze disease constitution and cost analysis of inpatients in the department of gynaecology of the Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital in 2013, so as to get known of the patients' demands in diagnosis and treatment, and to provide evidence for further studies. MethodsWe collected information of 5 663 cases through medical records in 2013, standardized disease names according to the WHO international classification of diseases (ICD-10), and classified the kinds of diseases according to the first diagnosis of discharge records. Then we adopted the Excel software for data sorting and statistical analysis. Resultsa) Most of the inpatients were women at childbearing age. The diseases pectrum included 13 categories, with the top 3 systematic diseases including diseases during pregnancy/childbirth and puerperium (50.19%); diseases of the genitourinary system (29.31%), and neoplasms (15.54%). b) According to the ICD-10, the top 5 single diseases during pregnancy/childbirth and puerperium were ectopic pregnancy, abortion, missed abortion, threatened abortion, and hyperemesis during pregnancy; the top 5 single diseases of the genitourinary system were endometrial polyps, ovarian endometriosis cyst, uterine adenomyosis, female secondary infertility, and uterus adhesion; the top 5 single diseases of neoplasms were uterine fibroid, ovarian benign tumour, ovarian teratoma, cervical malignant tumour, and cervical carcinoma in situ. c) The average hospital stay in this department in 2013 were 6.31 days, and the average cost per capita were 6 051.10 yuan, with the top 3 kinds of costs including drugs (28.82%), operation (26.32%), and examination (20.09%). ConclusionMost of the inpatients are women at childbearing age in the department of gynaecology of the Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital in 2013. Ectopic pregnancy, abortion and leiomyoma etc., are commonly-seen in this department. The average hospital stay of the inpatients is relatively short. Drugs and surgeries are main costs during hospitalization. Based on commonly-seen gynaecological disease burden, this hospital should urgently need to reinforce the construction of the specialized subjects, look for their own advantages, increase or adjust manpower, material resources and financial investment according to targets, so as to improve the quality and efficiency of medical service.
Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of Beichuan cadres 1 year after Wenchuan earthquake, so as to provide references for promoting psychological intervention and improving QOL. Methods With the adoption of WHOQOL-BREF, questionnaire survey on basic conditions of cadre victims, and PCL-C scale, cross-section survey was conducted for 2 055 cadres of Beichuan public institutions in aspects of their QOL, social demographic characteristics and psychological trauma. Results a) Compared with domestic norm, although the Beichuan cadres had higher score in social relation domain (14.31 ± 2.59, Plt;0.01), their QOL scores in each dimensions (physical domain score: 14.16 ± 2.43; psychological domain score: 13.79 ± 2.59, environmental domain score: 11.20 ± 2.74) were lower with significant difference (Plt;0.01); b) The group with population under the age of 30 scored higher than other age groups in the psychological and environmental domains; men scored higher than women in the psychological domain; the widowed group scored lower than other groups in all domains; the Han nationality group scored higher than the Qiang nationality group in all domains; the primary education group scored lower than other groups in the social relation domain; the group with relatives, houses and physical loss or damage scored lower than the non-loss group in all domains; and the higher the score in PCL-C, the lower the scores in all domains (all Plt;0.05). Conclusion Beichuan cadres are severely affected in their physical, psychological and environmental domains even one year after Wenchuan earthquake, especially the female, the Qiang nationality, the old, the lost, and the psychological injured cadres are more badly affected with worse QOL, so those population should be concerned in particular with sustainable psychological service and other measures. The finding of social relation domain score being higher than general population suggests that it is important to promote the satisfaction with social relation through the timely effective support from both government and civil society, and the resettlement of sample housing area as well.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the prevalence of senile pruritus (SP) in Chinese population.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of SP in Chinese population from inception to May 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software.ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 13 398 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, the overall prevalence of SP was 31.0% (95%CI 18.0% to 44.0%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence rate of male was 34.9% (95%CI 18.6% to 88.5%). The prevalence rates of SP among 60, 70, 80 and 90 age groups were 20.0% (95%CI 14.2% to 25.7%), 48.4% (95%CI 21.5% to 75.3%), 53% (95%CI 12.4% to 93.5%), and 58.5% (95%CI 22.4% to 94.6%), respectively. The prevalence rates of SP in community, hospital and cadre relaxation club were 33.4% (95%CI 31.3% to 35.6%), 40.4% (95%CI 22% to 58.7%), and 14.4% (95%CI 1.1% to 27.7%), respectively. The prevalence rates of SP in southern China and northern China were 26.7% (95%CI 18.7% to 34.7%) and 36.8% (95%CI 21.8% to 51.7%), respectively.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence rate of SP in the Chinese population is high. The prevalence rates of SP among ages, regions and research sites are different.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sever early childhood caries (SECC) among 3 to 5 years old children of Uyghur and Han in Kashi city, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral hygiene policies for caries prevention and diagnostic among children. MethodsAccording to the basic methods of Third National Oral Health Investigation in 2005, a stratified multistage cluster randomly sampling design was applied. The deciduous caries of 893 Uyghur and Han children aged from three to five in ten kindergartens of Kashi city were clinically examined. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents, and the result analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. ResultsThe caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 74.69% and the total prevalence of SECC was 39.19%. The risk factors for SECC include lower age (OR=1.537, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.086, P=0.006), the more frequencies of drinking coke (OR=1.448, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.080, P=0.045), eating fruits (OR=1.840, 95% CI 1.347 to 2.512, P=0.000), drinking milk (OR=1.794, 95% CI 1.311 to 2.456, P=0.000), and before bedtime eating or after brush eating (OR=1.833, 95% CI 1.199 to 2.802, P=0.005), as well as the higher age of starting brush (OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.448 to 2.910, P=0.000). The protective factors for SECC include the more frequency of brushing (OR=0.612, 95% CI 0.445 to 0.844, P=0.003), and higher household income (OR=0.526, 95% CI 0.423 to 0.654, P=0.000). ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of SECC in Kashi city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education activities, and perform early preventive works for caries disease of children.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the status of alexithymia in the Chinese elderly.MethodsCNKI, VIP, CBM, WanFang Data, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies related to the epidemiological characteristics of alexithymia among the elderly in China from inception to February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 11 cross-sectional studies involving 3 592 elderly individuals were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of alexithymia in the Chinese elderly was 36% (95%CI 30% to 42%), and the score of alexithymia was 58.59 (95%CI 54.60 to 62.57). Subgroup analyses indicated that the prevalence of alexithymia was 39% (95%CI 32% to 45%) in northern China, 33% (95%CI 30% to 37%) in northeast China, 36% (95%CI 31% to 41%) in eastern China, 51% (95%CI 44% to 58%) in central China, and 20% (95%CI 16% to 24%) in the southwest China. The prevalence rates of hospitalized, nursing home, and community elderly were 42% (95%CI 34% to 49%), 37% (95%CI 28% to 45%), and 29% (95%CI 20% to 38%), respectively. The scores of alexithymia were higher among the elderly males, 80 years or older, engaged in heavy physical work prior to retirement, suffering from severer chronic diseases, low education background, low monthly income, living alone, and low frequency of participation in group activities and visited by relatives.ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that the overall prevalence of alexithymia is high in the Chinese elderly, and varies with regions. The levels of alexithymia among gender, age, occupation prior to retirement, number of chronic diseases, educational level, monthly income, habitation manner, the frequency of participating in group activities, and being visited by relatives and friends are different.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the trend of tuberculosis among Chinese students. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence and trend of tuberculosis among students in China from inception to August 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 97 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the overall incidence of tuberculosis among students in China was 18.63 per 100 000 persons. The incidence in the northwest, south, northeast, north, east, central, and southwest 46.81, 11.22, 24.38, 12.77, 12.03, 18.95, and 39.26 per 100 000 persons, respectively. The incidence among university students, senior high school students, junior school students, and primary school students 38.17, 33.84, 8.85, and 1.68 per 100 000 persons, respectively. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of tuberculosis among students in China is high. Among them, the incidence rate of tuberculosis in the central and western regions, universities and high school students is relatively high.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prognosis of fetal isolated hyper echogenic kidneys (IHEK) on prenatal ultrasound examination. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prognosis of fetal IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination from January 1990 to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using R 3.5.2 software. ResultsA total of 9 cross-sectional studies involving 348 fetuses were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence rate of live births was 79% (95%CI 69% to 88%), termination of pregnancy/neonatal mortality (TOP/NND) was 30% (95%CI 15% to 45%), normal kidneys was 34% (95%CI 15% to 53%), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) was 21% (95%CI 12% to 30%), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 13% (95%CI 5% to 21%), and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was 4% (95%CI 2% to 7%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognosis of normal amniotic fluid subgroup was significantly superior to that of reduced amniotic fluid subgroup. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination is high, the prognosis is superior when IHEK with normal amniotic fluid volume, and is worse when with small amniotic fluid volume. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To compare the epidemic status of nosocomial infections (NIs) among medical institutions at different levels. Methods The cross-sectional surveys on prevalence rates of NIs, distribution of NIs, and antimicrobial use were conducted through combination of bedside investigation and medical record reviewing among all in-patients of 20 medical institutions in Baoshan District, Shanghai from 00:01 to 24:00 on November 12th 2014, December 9th 2015, and November 30th 2016, respectively. Results A total of 18 762 patients were investigated, the prevalence rate of NIs in the first, second, and third class hospitals were 5.36%, 2.37%, 1.68%, respectively (χ2=88.497, P<0.05). The main NIs sites were lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract in the first and second grade hospitals; while were other unclassified sites, respiratory tract, and upper respiratory tract in the third grade hospitals. The utilization rates for antimicrobial in the first, second, and third grade hospitals were 5.88%, 31.64%, and 42.11%, respectively (χ2=928.148, P<0.05); submission rates for specimen were 9.82%, 48.89%, and 82.39%, respectively (χ2=601.347, P<0.05). Four cases of pathogen were reported in the first grade hospitals, 94 in the second grade hospitals, and 96 in the third grade hospitals. The in-patients in different hospitals with different genders, ages, and departments had a statistical difference in prevalence rate of NIs (P<0.05) . Conclusion The first grade hospitals need to enhance the etiological examination; the third grade hospitals should severely restrict the antimicrobial utilization, and refine the prevention and control work for NIs.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the satisfaction of Chinese residents with the contract services of family doctors. MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies related to the Chinese residents' satisfaction with the service of family doctors from January 2011 to May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 14.1 software. ResultsA total of 42 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall satisfaction rate of residents with the contract services of family doctors was 77.7% (95%CI 73.7% to 81.7%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the satisfaction rate of the male and female residents were 83.0% and 84.3%; <60 and ≥60 years old residents were 83.5% and 81.7%; junior high school or below, senior high school or technical secondary school, junior college or above educational level residents were 84.1%, 76.4% and 81.2%; the monthly income less than 4000 yuan and more than 4000 yuan residents were 78.5% and 79.3%; with and without diseases residents were 85.3% and 79.7%; with and without spouse residents were 80.6% and 82.4%; on and off the job residents were 77.7% and 73.9%; urban and rural residents were 78.7% and 80.0%; in 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 were 67.6% and 76.2%; eastern and western regions residents were 76.5% and 79.7%; relevant studies which were conducted by random sampling and nonrandom sampling were 80.5% and 73.5%. ConclusionsThere is still room for improvement in residents' satisfaction with family doctor contract service. Residents with different education levels, disease situations, on-the-job situations, time, regions and sampling methods have differences in their satisfaction with the contract services of family doctors.