ObjectiveTo investigate the management of hospital infection control of 23 hospitals in Sichuan province, China for making the questionnaires and providing basic data of the China-U.S. cooperative program on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases "The Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Project in China". MethodsWe selected 23 representative hospitals from different regions of Sichuan in the survey for the management of hospital infection control. The survey included basic situation of the hospital such as the hospital level, ownership, number of beds, employees and discharged patients, the situation of hospital infection management such as the organization of management, the previous surveillance for prevalence of nosocomial infection, the composition of the staff, and the distribution pattern of important pathogens. ResultsThere were 18 Triple A hospitals, 1 Double A hospital, 4 Triple B hospitals were investigated, of which there were21 general hospitals and 2 specialty hospitals. The total number of patient beds were 26 801. The total numbers of staff were 32 757 including 8 571 doctors, 13 611 nurses, 1 391 technicians and 1 014 pharmacists. In 2010, the total numbers of out-patients, operations, and discharged patients were 16 127 038, 334 057, and 776 806, and the length of mean hospital stays were 11.30 days. All hospitals established the hospital infection control department with 105 infection control professionals. Most of the staffs of infection control department had medical or nursing background with college, or undergraduate level. Nineteen hospitals (82.61%) did the surveillance for the prevalence of nosocomial infection. The last surveillance showed the mean rate of hospital infection was 2.58%. Lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract and surgical site infection were top three infections. The annual number of culture specimens totalled 267 061; the average positive rate was 33.06%. Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonasaeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter baumannii were top five infectious bacteria. ConclusionThe survey on the hospital infection control management could help us understand the overall situation of the hospital infection control. Also it could found the weaknesses and targeted interventions for the future project, and ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data for this research project eventually.
Objective To explore the delay in help-seeking by breast cancer patients in Sichuan province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 327 patients with breast cancer from 7 first-level hospitals in Sichuan province, from July 2006 to January 2007. The following items were assessed: the time of symptom onset, the time of help-seeking, the time of definitive diagnosis, and the time of cancer treatment. The median times of patient delay, medical delay and total delay were computed. Results A total of 327 patients were surveyed and 312 questionnaires were distributed, with a response rate of 95%; 308 were retrieved, with a retrieval rate of 99%; and 283 were identified as valid, with a valid retrieval rate of 92%. The median time of total delay was 94 days, with an incidence of 50.2%; the median time of patient delay was 50 days, with an incidence of 35.7%; the median time of medical delay was 10 days, with an incidence of 16.7%.Conclusion Help-seeking delay by breast cancer patients is common in Sichuan province. Since patient delay contributes most to the total delay, it is important to control this portion.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological quality of cross-sectional surveys about Chinese medicine syndrome in a population at potential risk of cerebrovascular diseases. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM and PubMed databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional surveys about Chinese medicine syndromes in a population at potential risk of cerebrovascular diseases from inception to December, 2022. The methodological quality was assessed using the JBI scale. Results A total of 105 studies were included. The average reporting rate of JBI was 52.06%, and the items with the highest scores included "sufficient coverage of the identified sample in data analysis" (100%), "description of study subjects and setting" (92.38%), and "using valid methods for the identification of the condition" (86.67%). Items with the lowest scores included "adequate sample size" (13.33%), "adequate response rate or low response rate managed appropriately" (14.29%), and "study participants recruited in an appropriate way" (20.95%). Subgroup analysis suggested that type of publication and number of implementation centers were potential factors influencing methodology quality (P<0.05). Conclusion The methods essential to a cross-sectional survey such as sampling, sample size calculation and handling with the response rate, and the syndrome diagnosis scales specific to Chinese medicine require further improvement.
Moral education and professional quality training remain important part of medical education and talent training. This article aimed to conduct a questionnaire survey on medical college students about their professional ethics status and school education in professional ethics, so as to explore the paths and measures of medical students' professional ethics education. College education bears the primary responsibility for the medical students' professional ethics education, thus reasonable curriculum should be set up and teaching methods should be innovated; Industry environment and social ethos also have important implications on medical students' professional ethics cognition and behavior, so it is necessary to regulate the behavior of the medical industry according to law; Information age requires correct public opinion by means of network guidance, and under the impact of the pluralistic culture and values, doctors need to adapt themselves to our excellent traditional culture.
Objectives To evaluate pulmonary physicians’knowledge level about prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) in some urban areas in China. Methods A total of 258 pulmonary physicians were interviewed face-to-face in 24 hospitals from July to October in 2006. The questionnaire included the knowledge of COPD, prescriptions at initial visit and follow-up, pulmonary function test monitoring, assessment and intervention in stable COPD, knowledge and evaluation of the commonly used medicines, the effects of smoking cessation and adopted measures, as well as the knowledge of treatment prospects and patients’ education. Results Eighty-eight percent of pulmonary physicians considered themselves knowledgeable on COPD, and 95% were familiar with the severity classification. Most of them knew about GOLD and Chinese Guideline of Prevention and Treatment to COPD, and paid attention to chest X-ray and pulmonary function test during diagnosis. The standards in evaluation of stable COPD patients were not well understood, and 92% of physicians claimed for pulmonary function test in stable stage. Seventy-nine percent of physicians actively suggested the patients quit smoking. The prescription for COPD patients at iniative and maintenance therapy met the guideline on the whole, but the mucolytic agents were appreciated too much and used too frequently. Thirty-three percent of physicians took it necessary to treat stable COPD,and 69% believed that pharmacotherapy for stable COPD could rersult in satisfactory quality of life.Conclusions In some big cities in China, the pulmonary physicians have good knowledge about COPD. But long-term prevention and intervention, especially in pharmacotherapy, are still unsatisfactory.
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and economic burden of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan, so as to provide references for prevention and control of AMES. MethodsThe monitoring data of the AMES Special Reporting System of Jinan City from 2007 to 2014 was collected and the epidemiological characteristics of AMES were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was performed in AMES patients reported in 2013 to collect the basic information, prognosis, medical and non-medical expenses etc. of patients. The DALYs and economic burden of AMES were estimated by using SPSS 13.0 software. ResultsThe average incidence rate of AMES in Jinan was 8.49/100 000 through 2007 to 2014 and the mortality was 4.96‰. The total DALYs were 36 659.51 and the average DALY was 8.27.77.86% were aged less than 14 years old. The average direct economic burden of each case was 19.5 thousand RMB and the average indirect economic burden caused by DALYs was 69.1 thousand RMB. ConclusionThere's heavy burden from AMES, and measures should be made to reduce the incidence and economic burden.
Objective To evaluate the level of nursing professional competence of fulltime system graduated nurses in Sichuan province and determine its influencing factors, so as to provide references for nursing high-education reform and nursing human resource management. Methods With a self-designed questionnaire and stratified cluster sample method, both graduated nurses and their direct nursing managers were investigated and asked to evaluate nursing professional competence. Results The mean scores of nursing professional competence of the nurses’ self-evaluation and their managers’ evaluation were 69.90±10.27 and 68.96±11.33, respectively. Factors influencing nursing professional competence included individual interest in nursing, graduated institution, working position, and training provided by employer. Conclusion The professional competence of the nurses graduated with full-time bachelors of clinical nursing in Sichuan province is close to the intermediate level, and it still needs to be improved on the whole, especially in the aspects of nursing research and management. Besides, nursing institutions should further enhance the construction of inner teaching environment and the professional thoughts education of nurse students, while the employer should offer more professional development opportunities, so as to improve the professional self-identity and competence, and to finally lay the talent foundation for the development of nursing disciplines.
Objective To identify the perception of pain among breast cancer patients and their quality of life, and to assess the influence of pain on their quality of life. Methods We did a cross-sectional study. A face-to-face survey was administered to 200 breast cancer patients, using two scales: Chinese Cancer Pain Assessment Tool (CCPAT) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Version 3) [EORTIC QLQ-C30]. Results Among the 200 breast cancer patients, 84 suffered from pain, while 116 did not. In regard to quality of life, the scores of physical function, role function and social function were higher among women without pain than among those in the pain group (Plt;0.05). There were no significant differences in scores of emotional function, cognitive function and global quality of life between the two groups (Pgt;0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between pain and quality of life in the pain group, the non-pain group and the whole sample (r=–0.731, Plt;0.001). Conclusion Pain has negative effects on physical function, role function and social function of breast cancer patients. The exacerbation of pain is associated with a decreased global quality of life for breast cancer patients.
ObjectiveTo investigate the use of anti-hypertensive drugs among hypertension patients in examination medical center. MethodThis was a cross-sectional survey. Data of 3 000 cases of medical examination center health records from December 2012 to December 2013 were sampled, and 1 310 patients with hypertension were screened for analysis of medication. ResultsIn the 1 310 hypertension patients, 959 used antihypertensive drugs before, among whom 423 (44.11%) accepted only one anti-hypertensive drug and 536 (55.89%) accepted compound anti-hypertensive drugs or combined medicine. In patients of the previous kind, calcium channel blocker classes of antihypertensive drugs were used the most (n=244, 25.44%). Among the second kind of patients, 359 (37.43%) were treated with a two-compound drug or a combination of two drugs, and most of them used the combination of calcium channel blocker with angiotensin receptor blocker or calcium channel blocker with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. ConclusionsThe current using of anti-hypertensive drug is in accordance with the recommendation of anti-hypertensive treatment guidelines in some way, but there are still some gaps between real clinical practice and guidelines.
ObjectiveTo explore the quality of life (QOL) of rural cognitive function impaired elderly in Guangyuan city and analysis the influencing factors, in order to provide evidence for improving the QOL of rural cognitive function impaired elderly. MethodsBy stratified cluster sampling method, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was adopted in the cognitive function impaired screening in Guangyuan rural area of Sichuan province in 2012, then we used SF-12 questionnaire to evaluate the QOL of those rural elderly (more than 60 years old) whose cognitive function was impaired. ResultsA total of 270 rural cognitive function impaired elderly were selected from 735 old people. The results of QOL assessment showed that:the mean of physical component summary (PCS) was 37.93±11.55, and the mean of mental component summary (MCS) was 44.07±13.14. Gender, age, education levels, economic situation of the selfassessment, chronic disease, being engaging in physical labour and daily life care were correlated with the score of QOL. ConclusionIn order to improve their QOL, we should help the elderly with cognitive function impaired and focus on prevention and individual treatment; their special difficulties should be fully considered when making the policy of health care and social security.