ObjectiveTo discuss the demands for nursing knowledge among family caregivers for elderly people, in order to provide a basis for nurses to provide effective education for these people. MethodsBetween May and June 2012, a questionnaire which contained the condition of demands for nursing knowledge and the burden of care was used to investigate 1 600 family caregivers for the elderly people. ResultsThe caregivers had a demand for nursing knowledge, which may include the knowledge on medicine, disease and caregiving. The demand for knowledge was correlated with relationship between the caregivers and care recipients, health condition of the caregivers and care burden. ConclusionThe demands for nursing knowledge are higher in those who have spouse and high burden of care, without disease and symptom; we should pay more attention on them and take measures to reduce their burden of care.
ObjectiveTo investigate the needs for health education in chronic hepatitis B patients, in order to provide a theoretical basis for taking pertinent nursing intervention. MethodsBetween July and December 2011, self-made questionnaires on the needs for health education were used to investigate 70 in-patients with chronic hepatitis B. Meanwhile, factors associated with the needs of health education such as age, education, and the course of the disease were also analyzed. ResultsThe differences in the needs of health education were statistically significant among patients with different cultures, ages, and courses of disease (P<0.01). The needs of health education were correlated with culture, age and courses of disease. ConclusionThere are some deficiencies in the health education for chronic hepatitis B patients. In clinical practice, health education should be multidimensional and continuous based on the age, education degree and the course of the disease.
ObjectivesTo investigate the status quo of follow-up services for patients with cervical spondylosis, to explore its influencing factors, and to provide reference for the follow-up management model after postoperative discharge of patients with cervical spondylosis.MethodsA total of 220 patients with cervical spondylosis were selected by using convenient sampling from October 2018 to May 2019, and the general information questionnaire and the follow-up service needs questionnaire were used for the investigation.ResultsThe score of follow-up service content requirement for patients with cervical spondylosis was 54.87±7.56, and the rehabilitation training instruction was the highest. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the follow-up service content score was influenced by education level [non-standardized partial regression coefficient (b)=3.186, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.490, 3.882), P<0.001], length of hospital stay [b=5.140, 95%CI (3.914, 6.365), P<0.001], Neck Disability Index [b=1.326, 95%CI (0.189, 2.463), P=0.022], and age [≥75 years as the reference, 45-59 years: b=3.766, 95%CI (0.671, 6.860), P=0.017; 60-74 years: b=4.081, 95%CI(0.849, 7.314), P=0.014]. The method of obtaining follow-up services was mainly based on outpatient follow-up (85.5%), telephone follow-up (50.5%), and established a follow-up service center (40.5%) for discharged patients. The executives were multidisciplinary teams (60.5%) and hospital-community integration teams (48.2%). There were 19.1% of discharged patients who were willing to pay for relevant follow-up services.ConclusionsPatients with postoperative cervical spondylosis have strong demand for post-discharge follow-up services, which are affected by many factors. Medical staff should pay attention to this and develop a personalized follow-up service plan according to patient characteristics to meet different discharged patients and improve the quality of medical services.
Objective To investigate the health status of residents in rural areas of China as well as their needs for health service, and to explore the effective way to improve the health status of rural residents so as to provide a basis for the training of community healthcare professionals. Methods Using the method of stratified cluster random sampling, we investigated 4190 rural residents from 1200 families, which were sampled from 13 provinces of China according to the geographical distribution. Results The 2-week prevalence rate was 27.9%. 32.7% of the patients saw a doctor, and 20.5% did not take any measures. Among those who did not take any measures, 78.4% thought their illness was mild and did not need any treatment; and the second reason for no treatment was lack of money (accounting for 36.5%). The prevalence rate of chronic diseases during the past half year was 24.9%, among which lumbar and leg pain was the most prevalent (accounting for 7.8%), followed by hypertension (accounting for 5.5%). The rates of visiting a doctor were 43.9% and 61.5% in township level and village level health institutions, respectively, during the past one year. 70.0% of the patients looked for treatment, 8.4% chose to ignore, and 20.8% took medicine by themselves. Among those who visited a doctor, 61.0% preferred hospitals near their houses, and 34.0% preferred those with lower expenses. More than half of the residents (accounting for 57.3%) did not have any physical examination during the past 3 years, and 28.3% did have a check-up but not regularly. Among the rural residents investigated, 64.2% obtained health care knowledge from television, newspapers, books and radio broadcasting, and 67.3% were desirous of regular physical examination. 56.3% and 33.1% of the rural residents considered the skill of the healthcare professionals in town-level institutions to be acceptable and satisfactory, respectively; and 61.7% and 24.6% evaluated the skill of those in village-level institutions to be acceptable and satisfactory, respectively. Conclusion The health status of rural residents is not optimistic, and their health behaviors need to be correctly guided, and the medical facilities and healthcare service quality of primary healthcare institutions should be improved. It is suggested that the government and medical colleges take the responsibility to train healthcare professionals for the primary health care in rural areas.
Objective To understand the status of needs, demands and utilization of health services of urban and rural residents in Chongqing, so as to provide references for the evaluation of health services status and policy making and regulating. Methods The data from family health questionnaire of health service survey in Western China in 2008 were descriptively analyzed. Results The two-week prevalence rate was 216.9‰ and the two-week hospital visit rate was 211.5‰. The sick people who did not seek medical care accounted for 56.2% among the sick population. The chronic disease prevalence rate was 226.4‰. The annual hospitalization rate was 77.1‰. Conclusion During the past five-year from 2003 to 2008, the needs of health services in Chongqing have had no big change, but the chronic disease prevalence rate has been in uptrend, and the utilization has obviously increased. And the economic factor is still the major cause for impeding residents to seek medical care. So it’s necessary to strengthen the construction of primary health care institutions, to improve the level of health insurance system, and to decrease the disparity in urban and rural areas.
ObjectiveTo construct a demand model for electronic medical record (EMR) data quality in regards to the lifecycle in machine learning (ML)-based disease risk prediction, to guide the implementation of EMR data quality assessment. MethodsReferring to the lifecycle in ML-based predictive model, we explored the demand for EMR data quality. First, we summarized the key data activities involved in each task on predicting disease risk with ML through a literature review. Second, we mapped the data activities in each task to the associated requirements. Finally, we clustered those requirements into four dimensions. ResultsWe constructed a three-layer structured ring to represent the demand model for EMR data quality in ML-based disease risk prediction research. The inner layer shows the seven main tasks in ML-based predictive models: data collection, data preprocessing, feature representation, feature selection and extraction, model training, model evaluation and optimization, and model deployment. The middle layer is the key data activities in each task; and the outer layer represents four dimensions of data quality requirements: operability, completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. ConclusionThe proposed model can guide real-world EMR data governance, improve its quality management, and promote the generation of real-world evidence.
Objective To investigate and compare the demands of dosage forms and specifications of essential medicine for children in different levels of medical institutions, so as to provide references for selection of essential medicines for children by levels of medical institutions. Methods In 13 provinces or municipalities, 104 medical institutions, including tertiary, secondary and primacy medical institutions, were investigated by questionnaires. Kinds of drugs, dosage forms, requirement types and requirement levels of drugs were analyzed and compared in different levels of medical institutions. Results Tertiary medical institutions had higher demands than other levels of medical institutions for the number of drugs types, dosage forms and level of demand on each drug (P < 0.05), secondary medical institutions were higher than primacy medical institutions (P < 0.05), but community health service centers were the same as township health centers. Conclusion The demands of dosage forms and specifications of essential medicine for children in different levels of medical institutions are different. So future studies should develop the essential medicines list for children depend on different levels of care.
ObjectiveTo investigate the checkup residents' requirements for the health management and its influence factors. MethodsThe data from 741 checkup clients were randomly sampled by questionnaire in checkup center in May, 2013, including 360 males and 381 females aged from 24 to 69 with an average of 43.5±11.2. ResultsThere were 668 valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 90.1%. In these 326 males and 342 females, 589 (88.2%) had the consciousness of health management, 79 (11.8%) had no consciousness of health management; the health management services needs included:consultation offered by experts of examination report (556, 83.2%), health promotion plan (379, 56.7%), medical follow-up (301, 45.1%), green channel (280, 41.9%), health knowledge message (276, 41.3%) and lecture on health knowledge (200, 29.9%). The demand for health management differed in sex, age and checkup format(P<0.05), not in chronic disease conditions (P>0.05); the requirement for lecture differed in age and occupation(P<0.05); the requirement for health promotion plan differed in economic condition(P<0.05); the requirement for message and green channel differed in age and checkup pattern(P<0.05). ConclusionThe checkup residents' have high requirements for the health management and differ in health management services.
ObjectiveTo investigate the demand of pediatric health service, the current situation of resource allocation and the equity of health service, so as to provide guidelines for optimizing the resource allocation of pediatric health service in Sichuan province.MethodsA questionnaire of all healthcare institutions with legal capability from a total of 183 prefectures in Sichuan province was performed in 2015. We described the demand of pediatric health service by two-week hospital visit rate, the proportion of no-visit rate within two-weeks, hospital admission rate, and the patient required hospitalization rate. We assessed current situation of resource allocation, equity and accessibility by analyzing Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve and thermodynamic diagram.ResultsThe demand of pediatric health service in Sichuan province was huge and the current resource allocation can be shown a " inverted triangle” form. According to population distribution, the Gini coefficients of physician, bed and equipment were 0.47, 0.40 and 0.49, respectively, which represented inequality in resource allocation. By location, the Gini coefficients of physician, bed and equipment were 0.82, 0.77 and 0.81, respectively, which indicated an absolutely unfair situation.ConclusionsThe health resources of pediatric in Sichuan province are limited, the distribution is unbalanced, and the supply of pediatric healthcare is not compatible with demand. The lack of resources and waste coexist simultaneously. Furthermore, the fairness of distribution in terms of geographical areas is far less than that in terms of population. The accessibility of superior health resources is low.
Objective To understand the residents’ demands and utilization of the community health services and provide a basis for the construction of reasonable medical service system. Methods From July to September 2015, a purposive sampling questionnaire survey on general team mode service to bring benefits to the community residents was conducted in 20 provincial-level administrative regions of the country. SPSS 13.0 software was used for data analysis. Results A total of 1 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 273 valid questionnaires were recovered. In the 221 residents who were aware of the composition of general team, the awareness rate of general team composed of traditional Chinese medical doctors and gynaecologists/pediatricians was low (70.14%, 75.11%, respectively). The awareness rate of medical services including disease diagnosis and treatment, health consultation, health education and prescription in the 1 273 residents was 70.46%, 61.19%, 59.62% and 67.56%, respectively; the residents’ top five willing to accept medical services was prescribing medicine (77.77%), infusion (74.08%), health consultation (73.21%), health education (70.54%), and planned immunization (64.49%). The biggest change of the 433 patients with chronic diseases before and after treatment in the community was the increase in self-health management (70.67%) and the healthy lifestyle improvement (56.35%). Conclusion Community general team should be oriented by the objective needs and real demands of the residents; based on the ability of medical services supply, the adjustment of the key points of medical services should be made and the rational use of medical services should be guided for the residents.