Objective-To apply self-pulmonary tissue flap to reconstruct esophagus directly or with alloy stent in this research. Methods Twenty-four dogs were divided into two groups, middle bronchus was ligated to prepare pulmonaryflap and incised, a 4 to 6 cm long and 1/2 to 2/3 perimeter defect was made in esophageal wall. Esophagus defect was repaired only with pulmonary flap (experimental group) and with pulmonary flap having self-expanded stent inside (control group). The gross appearance, histological apearance and barium X-ray films were observed at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after operation. Results Two dogs died of anatomotic leak in experimental group, three dogs died of anatomotic leak and two dogs died of perforation of ulcer in control group. The growth of esophagus epithelium was observed from periphery area to central area after 8 to 10 weeks of operation. In pulmonary flap mass fibrous tissue proliferated and fibroblasts were active, but no necrosis occurred. Barium X-ray ofregenerated esophagus showed that mild stenosis and weakened peristalisis were observed in the middle of resophagus replacement, and that no obstruction, leakage, and dilation above anastomotic stoma occurred. Conclusion Pulmonary tissue flap can well support the mucosa crawl in the defect of esophagus. It is necessary to find a more suitable and satisfied stent for repairing segmental defect.
Objective To observe the complication after embolizing the bilateral internal il iac arteries and the median sacral artery of dogs by different combinations and embolization levels with gelfoam particle, and to provide a reference for safety appl ication of gelfoam in cl inic. Methods Sixteen common grade adult healthy dogs (weighing 10-13 kg, 14 males and 2females) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Under the monitoring of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the embolization was performed with gelfoam particle (diameter, 50-150 μm) in bilateral internal il iac arteries and the main branch of the median sacral artery (group A, n=3), in bilateral internal il iac arteries and the first branch of the median sacral artery (group B, n=3), in the main branch of bilateral internal il iac arteries (group C, n=3), in the unilateral internal il iac artery and the main branch of the median sacral artery (group D, n=4), and in the main branch of unilateral internal il iac artery (group E, n=3). Under the DSA, the anatomic relationships of the abdominal aorta, bilateral external il iac arteries, bilateral internal il iac arteries, and median sacral artery were observed before embol ization. The survival dogs were observed and the specimens of bladder, rectum, sciatic nerve, and gluteal muscles were harvested for the general and histological observations at 3 days after embolization. Results In dogs, there was no common il iac artery; bilateral external il iac arteries originated from the abdominal aorta and the starting of the median sacral artery had variation. Seven dogs (3 in group A, 3 in group C, and 1 in group D) died within 2 days after embolization, and the others survived to the end of the experiment. In the dead dogs of groups A, C, and D, the darkening and necrosis of the rectum were observed; the bladder presented lamellar obfuscation and focal hemorrhage and edema; and the median urinary volume in bladder was 270.6 mL. In survival dogs, no obvious change was observed in the rectum; the bladder only manifested l ight edema; and the median urinary volume in bladder was 137.0, 220.5, and 28.0 mL, respectively in groups B, D, and E.The rectum and bladder of dead dogs in groups A, C, and D manifested the disrupted cells, generous inflammatory cells infiltration, and desquamation of epithel ial cells; the rectum and bladder of survival dogs in groups B, D, and E manifested l ight inflammatory cells infiltration and edema; the embol ized artery mainly focused on the arterioles whose diameter was 100-200 μm. The sciatic nerve and gluteal muscles of each group had no obvious change except for l ight edema. Conclusion When the internal il iac artery and median sacral artery are embol ized with gelfoam particle with a diameter of 50-150 μm, to ensure the safeness of pelvic organs, the embol ized artery can not exceed the first branch when the 3 arteries are embol ized at the same time, or reserve at least unilateral internal il iac artery when embol ized to the trunk , or it will result in pelvic organ necrosis and perforation.
目的 建立犬开放性气胸海水浸泡的实验模型 ,探讨实验动物早期死亡原因。 方法 2 0条健康成年杂种犬随机分为两组。对照组 :实验动物受伤后直接观察 ;实验组 :动物受伤后置入人工配制的海水中。监测血流动力学、呼吸、血液渗透压、血液电解质、动脉血气变化以及肺部病理改变。 结果 实验组死亡率明显高于对照组 ,平均生存时间为 45分钟。实验组经海水浸泡后有急性呼吸和循环功能衰竭、严重电解质平衡紊乱、高渗血症、重度肺损伤以及严重代谢性和呼吸性酸中毒。 结论 开放性气胸后海水浸泡可引起一系列严重的病理生理变化 ,其结果是导致实验动物早期死亡的重要原因。
Objective To establish and evaluate a hydrocephalus model in dogs. Methods Twelve healthy adult male mongrel dogs (weight, 10-15 kg) were randomly divided into the control group (n=6) and the experimental group (n=6). All the dogs were given CT and neurological examination to exclude congenital ventricular enlargement and neurological abnormity before they received hydrocephalus induction. Surgical procedures included the exposing of the foramen magnum area, the opening of the atlantooccipita anadesma, and the injecting of silicone oil (0.3 ml/kg) into the fourth ventricle through a silicone tube. Normal saline was injected in the control group. The Tarlov neurological fitness assessment and the Evan’s ratio were used to evaluatethe degree of hydrocephalus at 3, 14 and 56 days after operation. Results In the experimental group, the dogs were dull and unsteady in walking,and they drank and ate less. The lateral ventricle began to expand 3 days afteroperation, and then the temple horn of the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle were also affected 14 days after operation. The ventricles were enlarged progressively after operation. The Tarlov scores measured at 3, 14 and 56 days afteroperation had a significant difference at the same time point between the control group(5.83±0.75，6.50±0.55，6.00±0.63) and the experimental group (4.00±0.89，4.83±1.17，4.50±1.05，P＜0.01), but had no significant difference within the same group at different time points (P＞0.05). The Evan’s ratios measured at 3, 14 and 56 days after operation were 0.33±0.04,0.39±006，0.44±0.03，respectively,in the experimental group; and were 0.27±0.06，0.25±0.09, 0.26±0.05,respectively,in the control group. There was a significant difference atthe same time point between the two groups, and at different time points within the experimental group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The dog model of hydrocephalus induced by the injecting of silicone oil into the fourth ventricle has a highsuccess rate, and the model is appropriate for the studies on diagnosis and therapy of hydrocephalus.
The purpose of the study was to observe effect of chinese medicine “Qing Yi Tang” on the repair of injury of intestinal mucosa in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Dogs ANP model were induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (0.5 ml/kg) with 3 000 u/kg trypsin into the pancreatic duct. Diamine oxidase and anylase activity in blood, protein and MDA levels of ileal mucosa were to be determined in ANP and after treatment of “Qing Yi Tang”. Intestinal permeability was also to be studied, LPS and bacteria translocation (BT) were obseved. All animals were sacrificed on day 7, the tissue of ileal mocosa was collected for histological and ultrastructural studies. The results showed that after treatment with Chinese medicine “Qing Yi Tang”, the injury of intestinal mucosa in ANP reduced. The length, height, area and protein of ileal mucosa increased significantly, intestinal permenbility decreased, the levels of LPS reduced in 1-2 times, and organ BT rate also reduce in 50%. The results indicated that chinese medicine “Qing Yi Tang” had good effect on improving repair of intestinal mucosa injury, protecting gut barrier function, reducing the incidence of LPS and bacteria translocation.
To evaluate the effect of technique combination of implant-retented titanium lattice with decalcified dental matrix (DDM) implanting. Methods Six healthy male dogs (weighing of 10-20 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups. All the premolars were extracted on both sides of the jaw in dogs. After 2 weeks, titanium lattice and implant were implanted in the maxillary premolar region with DDM on one side (experimental group), but without on the other side (control group) of each dog. After 4, 9 and 14 weeks, respectively, 2 animals were individually killed each time, and the samples wereevaluated by general observation, X-ray examination, histological observation and histomorphometric analyses. Results General observation: Among the 6 dogs, there was no postoperative infection or death. The X-ray examination showed that the bone density of the experimental group was greater than the control group at 4 and 9 weeks, and had no significant difference as to the vicinity bone at 14 weeks. On the other hand, the density of the control group was very low under the titanium lattice and around the implant. The experimental group revealed a ridge augment of (1.93 ± 0.24) mm, and control group (-1.02 ± 1.20) mm (P lt; 0.05). Developed bone sponge could be found after 14 weeks. Histological observation showed that in the experimental group, the DDM surface was nearly absorbed at 4 weeks. A few new bones were formed at 9 weeks. The whole DDM was absorbed; the trabecular bone was thick and arranged regularly; and the intergradations of implant were observed at 14 weeks. In the control group, there were some inflammatory fibers around the neck of implant at 4 weeks. The inflammatory condition extended to the root of implant and the titanium lattice at 9 weeks. There was no newly-formed bone under the titanium lattice at 14 weeks. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the implant contact bone ratio approached 1 ∶ 1, and showed no significant difference between the new bone fragment and former bone fragment in the experimental group. Conclusion This augmentation of alveolar ridge evaluated by the study is appl icable, but further study is necessary.
In order to study rheologic property of bile flow between gallbladder and biliary duct during biliary obstruction,we made a model of complete biliary obstruction(CBO)in dogs.The results showed that:①The behavior of bile flow between gallbladder and biliary duct in noemal dogs belonged to Casson flow;②When the duration of CBO prolonged,the behavior of bile flow between gallbladder and biliary tract in the CBO dogs still belonged to Casson flow.The changes of yield stress and apparent viscosity at high or low shear rate in bile flow of the biliary duct were similar to that in bile flow of the gallbladder.
The model of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP) was produced by retrograde forced injection of autogenous bile into the main pancreatic duct. The result showed that urgent surgical (transduodenal) intra-pancreatic duct drainage reduced the mortality rate of the experimental animals. Keeping the drainage patent and clear can both abate the pathological changes and promote the renovation of the dogs pancreas. So it can guide the clinical treatment in some way.
Objective To investigate an improved large vascular reconstruction method in the canine liver transplantation and see whether it can shorten the anheptic time and thus reduce the harmful effects during the anhepatic phase. Methods Thirty-two mongrel dogs were enrolled and divided into two groups randomly:the donor group (n=16) and the acceptorgroup(n=16). The dogs in the acceptor group were divided into two groups, according to the different reconstruction methods: Group A using the magnetic rings for a large vein reconstruction in the canine liver transplantation (n=10), and Group B using a handsewing large vein reconstruction in the canine liver transplantation (n=6). The operation time, hemodymics change, anastomosis site, and survival were observed. Results The operation time was as follows: In Group A, the total operation time, the inferior vena cava anastomosistime, and the anheptic phase time were significantly shorter than those in Group B (3.24±0.49 h vs 4.12±0.51 h，5.89±2.27 min vs 28.33±6.04 min，3.89±0.73 min vs 12.16±3.72 min),with a significant difference between the two groups (Plt;0.01). The haemodymics changes were as follows: In Group A, MAP dropped during the anhepatic phase, but it soon recovered after reperfusion，and there was only 730.56±150.56 ml of fluid including the donor blood that needed to be transfused, with no pressor agent required. In Group B, blood pressure dropped during the anhepatic phase，but it slowly recovered，and there was 2241.67±390.78 ml of fluid. In Group A, all the stomas had no errhysis, twistor thrombus. The twisted stomas could be corrected by the revolving of the magnetic rings. The endangium at the site of anastomosis was smooth. In Group B, most of the stomas had errthysis. In Group A, 3 dogs survived for more than 7 days, 6dogs survived for 3-6 days, and 1 dog survived for only 12 hours. In Group B, 2 dogs survived for 3-6 days, 3 dogs survived for 1-2 days, and 1 dog survivedfor only 12 hours. Conclusion Using the magnetic rings for a large vascular reconstruction in the canine liver transplantation is an improvedmethod, which can simplify the anastomosis procedures and significantly shortenthe anheptic phase time. However, the magnetic rings have to be placed in the abdomen, so this method remains to be further improved.
Objective It is a thorny problem to reconstruct long ureteral defect in urinary surgery. To investigate the feasibil ity of intestinal sero-muscular segment with autograft of bladder mucosa as a replacement material for reconstructionof long ureteral defect. Methods Twelve adult Beagle dogs (weighing 6.5-9.3 kg and being male or female) were randomlydivided into 3 groups, each group including 4 dogs. In group A, lower segment of ureter was reconstructed by autograft of bladder mucosa to the intestinal sero-muscular segment; furthermore, the proximal and distal reconstructed ureter were anastomosed to the bladder and the upper ureter, respectively. In group B, upper segment of ureter was reconstructed by the same method as that of group A, the proximal and distal reconstructed ureter anastomosised with pelvic and lower ureter, respectively. In group C, whole ureter was reconstructed by the same method as that of group A, the proximal and distal reconstructed ureter were anastomosised with pelvic and bladder, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen, Cr2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ and carbon dioxide combining power were detected before operation, the general state, drainage volume, heal ing of wound, and compl ications were observed after operation. At 6 weeks, the blood biochemical indexes and intravenous urography (IVU) were detected, and the gross and histological observations of ureter were done. Results In group B, urine leakeage and infection occurred in 1 dog 2 days after operation because ureter stent prolapsed; other dogs had no complications. There was no significant difference in the biochemical indexes between before operation and 6 weeks after operation. IVU showed: in group A, hydronepherosis and ureterectasia occurred on the operation side of 1 dog; in group B, anastomotic stricture between the reconstructed ureter and lower ureter and hydronepherosis occurred in 1 dog; and in other dogs of all groups, renal function was good and the reconstructed ureter had peristalsis function. The histopathological observation showed that the reconstructed ureter had similar structure to normal ureterat 6 weeks in 3 groups; the inflammatory cells infiltrating of the reconstructed ureter was observed in 1 dog of groups A and C, respectively. Conclusion Reconstruction of ureter by intestinal sero-muscular segment with autograft of bladder mucosa has similar structure and function to the normal ureter. The results might provide an experimental basis for cl inical use.