ObjectiveTo explore the expressions of glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78 and GRP94 in rectal adenocarcinoma and their clinical significances. MethodsIn 45 paraffin-embedded sections of rectal adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues, the expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were examined by EnVisionTM. ResultsThe positive rates of GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression in the rectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 53.33% (24/45) and 53.33% (24/45), while those in the adjacent normal tissues were 13.33% (6/45) and 15.56% (7/45), respectively. There was a statistical significance of the expression of GRP78 or GRP94 between the tumor tissues and the adjacent normal tissues (all P < 0.001), and it was found that the positive expression rates were relevant to the extent of differentiation, Dukes stage, and lymph node metastasis of cancer (all P < 0.05), but not to the patient's sex, age, and size of tumor (all P > 0.05). And there was a statistical significance in Spearman method about the rate of positive expression between GRP78 and GRP94 (rs=0.464, P < 0.01). ConclusionGRP78 and GRP94 protein is highly expressed in rectal adenocarcinoma tissue, related to its metastasis and invasion, might be used as a useful indicator to judge the malignant degree.
Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-1( AQP-1) in pleural mesothelial cells ( PMCs) and the influence of glucose thereupon. Methods Rat PMCs were isolated, cultured, and divided into two groups, ie. a glucose group, cultured with glucose of different concentrations for 24 hours,and a control group, cultured in D-MEM/ F-12 medium. The 100 mmol / L glucose group was administered at the time points of 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of AQP-1. Results The absorbance values of AQP-1 protein expression were 54. 02 ±4. 61, 127. 84 ±9. 41, and 231. 62 ±22. 63, respectively in the PMCs treated with glucose of the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mmol / L, all significantly higher than those in the control group( 22. 45 ±2. 16, all P lt; 0. 01) . The absorbance values of AQP-1 protein expression were 24. 68 ±2. 56, 58. 68 ±3. 67, 89. 61 ±6. 62, and 113. 41 ±7. 65 in the PMCs treated with glucose of the concentration of 100 mmol / L after 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours, all significantly higher than those in the control group ( 11. 81 ±1. 45, P lt;0. 01) .Conclusions Glucose induces the expression of AQP-1 mRNA and protein. AQP-1 participates in the pleural fluid formation.
Objective To observe the effects of high concentr at ion glucose on the calcium-activated potassium channel of rabbits′ retinal Müller cells. Methods The rabbits′retinal Müller cells were cultured in vitro under the condition of high concentration glucose, and identified by immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy. Patch-clamp technique was used to observe the changes of the calcium-activated potassium channel of retinal Müller cells caused by high concentration glucose at different time.Results High concentration glucose could inhibit the calcium-activated potassium channel of cultured retinal Müller cells in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion High concentration glucose may reduce the biological functions of Müller cells by inhibiting calcium-activated potassium channel. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：164-167)
Objective To summarize the advance of bioenergetic metabolic mechanisms of cancer cell. Methods Literatures about the recent studies on the bioenergetic metabolic mechanisms of cancer cell were reviewed.Results Cancer cells required a steady source of metabolic energy in order to continue their uncontrolled growth and proliferation. Accelerated uptake of glucose and glycolysis was one of the biochemical characteristics of hypoxia cancer cells. Glucose transport and metabolism were essential for the survival of tumor cells, leading to poor prognosis. Conclusions The studies on relationships between hypoxia-inducible genes and cancer have come a new understanding of the bioenergetic metabolic mechanisms of cancer cell, become new and important supplementary means of diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and enhanced existing strategies so that the treatment could be more rationally applied and personalized for cancer patients.
Objective To evaluate the effects of glucose-containing dialysate versus glucose-free dialysate on blood pressure variability and blood glucose variability in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and to assess safety. Methods MHD patients from 12 hospitals were enrolled between October 2024 and June 2025. According to the randomized block design, patients were randomly divided into the glucose-containing dialysate group (experimental group) and the glucose-free dialysate group (control group). During hemodialysis sessions, blood pressure were monitored at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, and blood glucose was measured at 0, 2, and 4 hours monthly for six consecutive months. Hypotension episodes and hypoglycemic episodes were recorded throughout dialysis. Results A total of 244 MHD patients were included, with 122 in each group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure variability [dialysis for 2 hours: 9.92 (7.92, 12.52) vs. 11.95 (9.45, 15.36) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), P<0.001; during the 0-2 hour dialysis period: 2.60 (1.24, 3.97) vs. 3.74 (2.03, 6.52) mm Hg, P=0.011], diastolic blood pressure variability [during the 0-4 hour dialysis period: 3.85 (1.49, 6.69) vs. 4.72 (1.99, 8.46) mm Hg, P<0.001], blood glucose variability [dialysis for 2 hours: 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) vs. 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) mmol/L, P=0.002; dialysis for 4 hours: 0.17 (0.13, 0.22) vs. 0.21 (0.17, 0.26) mmol/L, P<0.001; during the 2-4 hour dialysis period: 0.04 (0.02, 0.08) vs. 0.07 (0.03, 0.10) mmol/L, P=0.004], incidence rates of hypotension (32.9% vs. 33.3%, P=0.005) and incidence rates of hypoglycemia (0.42% vs. 4.02%, P<0.001). Conclusions Glucose-containing dialysate reduces both blood pressure variability and blood glucose variability more effectively than glucose-free dialysate during hemodialysis. Compared with glucose-free dialysate, the glucose-containing dialysate demonstrated a lower incidence of hypotension episodes and hypoglycemic episodes.
Objective To study the effects of glucose and lipid metabolism on gallstone formation. Methods Twenty five patients with gallstones and 25 normal volunteer controls were studied from January to April in 1998. The patients were well matched the control with sex and age (1∶1). In the study, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip circumference ratio (W/H) were measured. Blood glucose, glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin, C peptide and all parameters of lipids were detected at fasting state. The glucose,insulin, C peptide were detected again at 2-hour after taking 75g glucose orally.Results The result showed there was no difference on BMI and W/H between the patients and controls. HbA1C、mean fasting and 2hour glucose concentration were not in significantly different between the two groups (Pgt;0.05, Pgt;0.2, Pgt;0.1 respectively). There were 10 patients with abnormal glucose metabolism (7 with NIDDM, 3 with IGT), but only 4 controls were abnoumal (one with NIDDM, three with IGT). The difference was significant (Plt;0.05). Furthermore, the mean fasting and 2hour insulin concentration of gallstone group was higher than that of the control (Plt;0.02, Plt;0.05). And the gallstone group had a higher fasting C peptide concentration than control (Plt;0.05). There was no statistical difference on the parameters of plasma lipid between the tow groups. Conclusion The study suggests that diabetes mellious and hyperinsulinemia acted as an important role on gallstone formation.
Objective To investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) on impaired glucose tolerance due to stress postoperatively. Methods The rats were allocated randomly to one of three groups, group Ⅰ was subdivided into group Ⅰg which received an intravenous glucose load (0.5 g/kg glucose), and group Ⅰglp which received the same glucose load with GLP-1 (0.3 nmol/kg) during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Rats in group Ⅱg and group Ⅱglp in group Ⅱ were infused respectively the same intravenous glucose tolerance test as group Ⅰ on the first, third and fifth day after 65% liver resection. And rats in group Ⅲ were injected the same glucose load with GLP-1 (0.45 nmol/kg) during IVGTT on the first day after hepatectomy. The peak glucose levels, glucose levels at 30 minutes and the area under the curve (AUC0-30) were investigated among groups. Results The peak glucose levels, glucose levels at 30 minutes and AUC0-30 were significantly lower in group Ⅰglp than those in group Ⅰg. And the values were significantly higher in group Ⅱg than those in group Ⅰg on the first, third and fifth day after operation. There was no significant difference between group Ⅱglp and group Ⅱg in the peak glucose levels on the first day after liver resection, but the peak glucose levels and AUC0-30 were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than those in group Ⅱg and group Ⅱglp, and the glucose levels at 30 minutes were significantly lower in group Ⅲ than those in group Ⅱg too on the first day. The peak glucose levels were significantly lower in group Ⅱglpthan those in group Ⅱg on the third and fifth postoperative day and in group Ⅱglp on the first day too, and the glucose levels at 30 minutes and AUC0-30 were also significantly lower in group Ⅱglp than those in group Ⅱg, but they were similar between group Ⅱglp and group Ⅰg. Conclusion Glucose intolerance is a feature of stress after hepatectomy, and GLP-1, injected in conjunction with the IVGTT, increased the clearance of glucose. The contribution of GLP-1 to reducing blood glucose was decreased significantly at early phase postoperatively, but its action was enhanced by the way of dosage dependence. The action of GLP-1 was enhanced with the degree of stress reduction and then returned to normal.
Objective To study the effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the glucose metabol ism of rat BMSCs and its underlying mechanism so as to provide the theoretical basis for the optimization of the stem-cell based therapy. Methods Density gradient centrifugation method was adopted to isolate rat BMSCs from neonatal SD rats (aged 1-3 days). BMSCs were cultured to 4th passage and divided into 4 groups based on different culture conditions: group A in normoxia condition for 24 hours, group B in 1% O2 for 24 hours, group C in 2-methoxyestradiol (20 μmol/L) for 24 hours before hypoxic preconditioning, and group D in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) specific siRNA (50 μmol/L) for 12 hours before hypoxicpreconditioning. MTT method was appl ied to evaluate the prol iferation of BMSCs. Biochemical analyzer and Real-timefluorescent quantitative PCR were appl ied to detect the glucose uptake, lactate production, and HIF-1α mRNA and Glut-1mRNA levels of BMSCs. Results MTT showed that the absorbance (A) values were 387.67 ± 58.92, 322.50 ± 50.60, 297.00 ± 53.00, and 286.00 ± 41.00 in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, showing no significant difference among 4 groups (P gt; 0.05). The levels of glucose uptake and lactate production were higher in group B than in groups A, C, and D, showing significant differences (P lt; 0.05); the levels of groups C and D were higher than those of group A, but showing no significant difference (P gt; 0.05). The mRNA expressions of HIF-1α and Glut-1 elevated significantly in group B when compared with those in group A (P lt; 0.05); groups C and D were significantly lower than group B (P lt; 0.05) and were significantly higher than group A (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Hypoxic preconditioning can stimulate the glucose uptake and metabol ism of rat BMSCs, whose mechanism is probably related to up-regulating the mRNA expressions of HIF-1α and Glut-1.
ObjectiveTo elucidate whether hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene improved hypoxia tolerant capability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells uptake(MSCs) or not and whether the capability was related to glucose uptake increase in hypoxia MSCs ex vivo or not. MethodsMSCs were randomly divided into normoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (control group), normoxia HIF-1α transfection group, hypoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group, and hypoxia HIF-1α transfection group and then each group was cultured with normoxia (5% CO2 at 37 ℃) or hypoxia (94% N2, 1% O2, 5% CO2 at 37 ℃) for 8 h, respectively. Finally, the expressions of HIF-1α were detected by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot methods, respectively. Apoptosis ratio (AR) and death ratio (DR) were tested by flow cytometry. The proliferation was detected by MTT method. Glucose uptake was assayed by radiation isotope method. Results① Compared with the normoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA significantly increased (Plt;0.01) in the normoxia HIF-1α transfection group except for its protein (P=0.187); Both of mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α in the hypoxia HIF-1α transfection group were significantly higher than those in the hypoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (Plt;0.01). ② The AR (P=0.001) and DR (P=0.003) in the hypoxia HIF-1α transfection group were significantly lower thanthose in the hypoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group, both of which were significantly higher than those in the normoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (Plt;0.01). ③ The proliferation of MSCs in the hypoxia HIF-1α transfection group was significantly higher than that in the hypoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (P=0.004), which significantly lower than that in the normoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (P=0.001). ④ Compared with the hypoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group, the 3H-G uptake capability (P=0.004) of MSCs significantly increased in the hypoxia HIF-1α transfection group, which was significantly lower than that in the normoxia non-HIF-1α transfection group (P=0.001). ⑤ There were significantly negative relation between AR and HIF-1α protein (r=－0.71，P=0.005) or 3H-G uptake (r=－0.65，P=0.004), and significantly positive relation between HIF-1α protein expression and 3H-G uptake (r=0.77, P=0.003). ConclusionHIF-1α gene significantly improves anti-hypoxia capability of MSCs, which is fulfilled by increasing glucose upake.
Objective To assess the differences between a glucose meter and autoanalyzer at home and broad.Method MEDLINE, CNKI, FMJS, and CBM were searched electronically (1995 to May, 2008). The statistical analysisof included studies was performed according to the Cochrane systematic reviews method. Result Twenty four studies, including 11 English records and 19 Chinese records involving 4 963 specimens, were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed us the blood glucose values of Abbott, Roche, and Johnson abroad subgroups are higher than the laboratory method, and their WMD (95%CI) are 0.57 (0.34,0.80), 0.43 (0.04,0.81), 0.41 (0.11,0.71). The blood glucose values of the Abbot and Roche domestic subgroups are comparable to the laboratory method [WMD= 0.60, 95%CI (– 0.79, 1.99); WMD= – 0.13, 95%CI (– 0.56, 0.29)]. The blood glucose value of the Johnson domestic subgroup is lower than laboratory method [WMD= – 0.95, 95%CI (– 1.42, – 0.48)]. Conclusion The results of the abroad studies are relatively consistent, and the blood glucose values of all abroad subgroups are higher than laboratory method. The domestic studies are different because of other factors.