The hemodynamics changes of the common carotid arteries in 10 SD rats were measured with a color doppler flowmetry in an attempt to define the changes resulting from end-to-end anastomosis. The left common carotid arteries were divided and followed by end-to-end anastomosis. The systolic mean peak velocities in the left arteries were measured at the proximal, distal and anastomotic sites and in the right intact arteries as well at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after repair. The percentage of area reduction at anastomosis was calculated from these data. The results indicated that the systolic mean peak velocity at the anastomotic sites was significantly increased as compared to the velocity at the proximal, distal and contralateral sites (P lt; 0.05). The velocity at the distal sites was significantly lower than that from the proximal and contralateral sites (P lt; 0.05), the mean percentage of the reduction was 33.18% and 33.33%, respectively. From 6 hours to 120 hours after anastomosis of arteries there was various degree of narrowing at the site of anastomosis. The mean per cent of stenosis was 42.48%. It was concluded that from 6 to 120 hours after end-to-end anastomosis of the small arteries, the velocity at the anastomotic site was increased as compared to the velocities at pre- and post-anastomotic sites. The increase of velocity at the site of anatomosis was caused by stenosis at the anastomosis.
ObjectiveTo investigate impact of splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization on liver hemodynamics and liver function for liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension. MethodsThe internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of portal vein and hepatic artery of 42 cases of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension were measured by Doppler ultrasonic instrument on day 1 before operation and on day 7 after operation. The free portal pressures at different phases (after open abdomen, after splenic artery ligation, after splenectomy, and after devasculanrization) were read from the disposable pressure sensor. Twenty-four healthy people through physical examination were selected as control. Results① The free portal pressure of liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension was decreased from (29.12±1.40) mm Hg after open abdomen to (22.71±1.21) mm Hg after splenic artery ligation, and further decreased to (21.32±1.12) mm Hg after splenectomy, but increased to (22.42±1.15) mm Hg after devasculanrization, the difference was statisticly different (all P < 0.01). ② Compared with the healthy people, for the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, the internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and flow volume of portal vein were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01), which of hepatic artery were significantly reduced (all P < 0.01) on day 1 before operation; On day 7 after operation, the internal diameter of portal vein was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the maximum velocity, minimum velocity, and mean velocity of portal vein were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01), but the internal diameter of hepatic artery was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), the maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of hepatic artery were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01). For the liver cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension, compared with the values on day 1 before operation, the internal diameter and the flow volume of portal vein were significantly reduced (all P < 0.01) on day 7 after operation; the internal diameter, maximum velocity, minimum velocity, mean velocity, and flow volume of hepatic artery were significantly enlarged (all P < 0.01) on day 7 after operation. ③ The Child-Pugh classification of liver function between before and after surgery had no significant difference (χ2=1.050, P > 0.05). ④ No death and no hepatic encephalopathy occurred, no thrombosis of splenic vein or portal vein was observed on day 7 after surgery. Conclusionsplenectomy plus pericardial devascularization could decrease portal vein pressure and reduce blood flow of portal vein, while increase blood flow of hepatic artery, it doesn't affect liver function.
By using noninvasive venous plethysmography, venography and skin morphology, 44 patients (57 limbs) with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in lower extremity were studied , and compared with 12 normal subjects (24 limbs). The results showed that dermal nutrient disturbance caused by deep venous insufficiency accounted for 68%, and followed by perforating venous insufficiency was 44%. Furthermore compared venous refill time (VRT), segmented venous capacitancy (SVC) and maximum venous outflow (MVO) of dermal nutrient disturbance with those of exterior normal skin and normal subjects; and compared VRT, SVC, MVO of deep vein 3-4 stage reflux with those of 1-2 stage reflux and normal subjects,the differences were very significant (Ｐ＜0.05). Compared the VRT of perforating incompetence with that of competence (Ｐ＜0.01). Dermal pathology and ultramicrostructure showed that leucocytes trapping in capillary was a cause of microangiopathy. These results suggest that deep vein 3-4 stage reflux followed by calf perforating insufficiency was a main cause for dermal nutrient disturbance; lower extremity VRT reduced obviously and SVC increased significantly were hemodynamic character, leucocytes trapping in capillary was pathology basis of skin damage.
The implantation of biventricular assist device (BiVAD) is more challenging than that of left ventricular assist device for the interaction in the process of multiple input and output. Besides, ventricular assist device (VAD) often runs in constant speed (CS) mode in clinical use and thus BiVAD also faces the problems of low pulsation and imbalance of blood volume between systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. In this paper, a delay assist mode for a VAD by shortening the support time of VAD was put forward. Then, the effect of the delay mode on cardiac output, pulsation and the function of the aortic valve was observed by numerical method and the rules of hemodynamics were revealed. The research showed that compared with VAD supported in CS mode, the VAD using delay mode in systolic and diastolic period proposed in this paper could meet the demand of cardiac output perfusion and restore the function of the arterial valves. The open ratio of aortic valve (AV) and pulmonary valve (PV) increased with the time set in delay mode, and the blood through the AV/PV helped to balance the left and the right cardiac volume. Besides, delay mode also improved the pulsation index of arterial blood flow, which is conducive to the recovery of the ventricular pulse function of patients.
fter fracture of femoral neck , the head is often encountered ayascular necrosis. It was not clearwhether the causes of the necrosis was due to injury of the artery or stagnation of venous return orboth. We had observed the hmeodynamics of the blood circulation of both fermoral head of both sides in 27 cases of subcapital fracture by E. C. T. (Emission Computerized Tomography). The resultsshowed that either old, fresh, or heal fractures showed stagnation of venous return. There wasoblite...
Objective To approach the effect of neck hyperextension position on hemodynamics of vertebral artery following thyroidectomy， and analyze the correlation between the change of hemodynamics and nausea and vomiting. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight patients with preparing for thyroidectomy （thyroidectomy group） and 89 patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC， LC group） were selected. The anesthesia method and the anesthesia drugs were the same in two groups. The indexes of hemodynamics of the bilateral vertebral artery at 6 h before and after thyroidectomy were measured. The difference of nausea and vomiting was observed and compared in two groups. Results The average blood flow velocity of the bilateral vertebral artery reduced and the blood flow decreased at 6 h after thyroidectomy as compared with at 6 h before thyroidectomy （P＜0.05）. The rates of nausea and vomiting of 0，2， 3， 4 times in the thyroidectomy group were significantly higher than those in the LC group （P＜0.05， P＜0.01）. The durations of nausea and vomiting of 1， 2， 3， 4 times in the thyroidectomy group were also significantly longer than those in the LC group （P＜0.01）. There was a positive correlation between the nausea and vomiting and the changes of blood flow velocity or blood flow （change of blood flow velocity：rs=0.697， P=0.03；change of blood flow：rs=0.897， P=0.01）. Conclusions There is a certain effect of the neck hyperextension position on hemodynamics of the bilatreal vertebral artery， and which might affect the nausea and vomiting following thyroidectomy.
Objective To study the influence of the pedicle length on the perforator flaps in hemodynamics. Methods Four mature swine (2 males, 2 females; weight, 23.0±2.0 kg) were applied to the experiment.Two transverse abdominal skin flaps, based on the superior epigastric pedicle orits rectus abdominal muscle perforators, were designed; each swine was used as its own control. At 2 hours and 1, 2, 3 weeks postoperatively, the skin paddle perfusion and the blood stream velocity in the superior epigastric artery were measured by the Laser Doppler Flowmeter and the Color Doppler Ultrasound, respectively. Flap survival percentages were calculated by the grid method at 1 week postoperatively. The swine were euthanatized, and they underwent angiography at 3 weeks postoperatively. Results At 2 hours and 1 week after operation, edema of the perforator flaps with the superior epigastric pedicle was more severe than that of the skin flaps with the rectus abdominal muscle perforator, and the skin perfusion had a statistical difference between the two kindsof flaps (Plt;0.05). The skin paddle viability and the skin perfusion had nostatistical difference after the first week postoperatively (Pgt;0.05). At 2hours and 1 week after operation, the blood stream velocity in the superior epigastric artery in the perforator flap with the superior abdominal artery pediclewas reduced, and there was a statistical difference between the two kinds of flaps (Plt;0.05); however, the velocity was almost the same after the first week postoperatively. Conclusion The excessively long pedicle of the perforator skin flap may have an unfavorable influence on the flap perfusion,especially during the first week after operation, because of the vascular compromise during the dissection of the long pedicle. The blood vessel anastomosis atthis level of the blood vessels may have no relationship with the perforator flap in hemodynamics. This study can also indicate that the ligation of the branches in the recipient vessels cannot make the perforator flaps overperfused.
ObjectiveTo observe the hemodynamic parameters of retrobulbar vessels of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using color Doppler imaging (CDI) technique. Methods Pertinent publications were retrieved from the PubMed of The National Library of Medicine, the ISI Web of Knowledge of The Institute for Scientific Information, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Case control studies involved POAG patients were included. Changes in retrobulbar blood flow parameters including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were evaluated by CDI. The searching time was from the data base established up to April, 2014. Meta analysis was used on the included articles, the mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the blood flow parameters were calculated. ResultsTwenty-four articles were retrieved, including 1336 eyes as cases, 1102 eyes as controls. PSV of POAG eyes was statistically signiflcantly lower than controls in the OA (MD=-3.05, 95%CI:-4.49--1.61, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=-1.66, 95%CI:-1.95--1.38, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=-0.87, 95% CI:-1.49--0.26, P=0.005). EDV of POAG eyes was statistically significantly reduced than controls in the OA (MD=-1.78, 95%CI:-2.14--1.41, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=-0.95, 95%CI:-1.17--0.74, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=-0.53, 95%CI:-0.71--0.36, P < 0.001). Statistically significant increases in RI of POAG eyes than controls in the OA (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.05, P < 0.001), CRA (MD=0.06, 95%CI: 0.05-0.07, P < 0.001), SPCA (MD=0.04, 95%CI: 0.03-0.06, P < 0.001). ConclusionThis meta-analysis suggests that significant decreased velocity and increased resistance of retrobulbar blood flow are found in POAG eyes.
Objective To observe the effect of ophthalmotonus intervention on ocular hemodynamics in patients with ischemic ophthalmopathy (IOP). Methods 106 IOP patients (106 eyes) were enrolled in this study, including 74 eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), 20 eyes with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and 12 eyes with ocular ischemia syndrome (IOS). The patients were randomly divided into ophthalmotonus intervention group and control group. There were 37 NAION eyes, 10 RAO eyes and six IOS eyes in each group. The patients of ophthalmotonus intervention group received lowering intraocular pressure treatment in addition to the basic therapy to reduce the intraocular pressure to le;12 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) or decreased by 7-8 mm Hg, or in a 20%-30% reduction. The patients of control group avoided lowering intraocular pressure treatment. The arm-retinal circulation time (A-RCT) and the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA) and short posterior ciliary arteries (PCA) before and one week after treatment were comparatively analyzed by fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) and color Doppler flow imaging. Results The differences of A-RCT before treatment in ophthalmotonus intervention group and control group in NAION, RAO and IOS patients were not statistically significant (t=0.869, 0.119, 0.000; P＞0.05). The differences of PSV (OA:t=0.586, 0.040, 0.067; CRA:t=0.285, 0.057, 0.775; PCA:t=0.658, 0.653, 1.253), EDV (OA:t=0.274, 0.080, 0.093; CRA:t=0.781, 0.077, 0.277; PCA:t=0.200, 0.209, 0.299) and RI (OA:t=0.121, 0.153, 0.138; CRA:t=0.172, 0.242, 0.642; PCA:t=1.053, 1.066, 0.266) of OA, CRA and PCA before treatment in ophthalmotonus intervention group and control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Compared with control group, A-RCT shortened obviously (t=2.573, 2.236, 2.607; P＜0.05) in ophthalmotonus intervention group one week after treatment. Compared with control group, PSV (OA:t=2.367, 2.368, 2.267; CRA:t=0.775, 1.927, 2.775; PCA:t=2.253, 2.353, 2.353) and EDV (OA:t=2.303, 2.236, 2.503; CRA: t=2.277, 2.377, 2.577; PCA:t=2.299, 2.399, 2.299) of OA, CRA and PCA increased obviously (P＜0.05), RI of OA, CRA and PCA decreased obviously (OA:t=2.238, 2.387, 2.228; CRA:t=2.342, 2.442, 2.542; PCA:t=2.266, 2.366, 2.266; P＜0.05) one week after treatment in treatment group. Conclusion Ophthalmotonus intervention can improve the ocular hemodynamics in IOP patients.
PURPOSE:To investigate the relationship between the development of the diabetic retinopathy(DR)and the changes of ocular hemodynamics. METHODS:The hemodynamic parameters (Vmax,Vmin,RI)of central relinal artery(CRA )and central retinal vein(CRV)were measured both in the diabetes mellitus(DM) group(72 cases)and the control group(28 cases)with color Doppler flow imaging(Acuson-128XP/10). RESULT:The hemodynamic changes in CRA and CRV in the different stages of DR had their own characteristicS. The blood flow in CRA of the DM patients without DR was higher than that of the control (Plt;0.05). With tile deterioration of the retinopathy the blood flow in CRA decreased. The velocity of the blood flow in CRA of the proliferative DR group was less than that in the control ,DM without DR patients and background DR patients(Plt;0.05). The velocity of the flow in CRV of the DM patients was higher than that of control (Plt;0.001 )and exhibited its remarkable pulsative pattern. CONCLUSIONS:The changes of the hemodynamics in CRA.CRV was associated with the development of the diabetic retinopathy. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 210-212 ）